• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.241-271
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• 2017

Dialetheism is the view that there exists a true contradiction. This paper ventures to suggest that Priest's argument for Dialetheism from $G{\ddot{o}}del^{\prime}s$ theorem is unconvincing as the lesson of $G{\ddot{o}}del^{\prime}s$ proof (or Rosser's proof) is that any sufficiently strong theories of arithmetic cannot be both complete and consistent. In addition, a contradiction is derivable in Priest's inconsistent and complete arithmetic. An alternative argument for Dialetheism is given by applying $G{\ddot{o}}del$ sentence to the inconsistent and complete theory of arithmetic. We argue, however, that the alternative argument raises a circularity problem. In sum, $G{\ddot{o}}del^{\prime}s$ and its related theorem merely show the relation between a complete and a consistent theory. A contradiction derived by the application of $G{\ddot{o}}del$ sentence has the value of true sentences, i.e. the both-value, only under the inconsistent models for arithmetic. Without having the assumption of inconsistency or completeness, a true contradiction is not derivable from the application of $G{\ddot{o}}del$ sentence. Hence, $G{\ddot{o}}del^{\prime}s$ and its related theorem never can be a ground for Dialetheism.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.31-47
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify determinants of economic aid regarding housing and cost of living for the newly-married households. This study applied the binary logit model to figure out the determinants of economic aid from their parents for the households. With utilizing the Newly-Married Housing Survey data in 2015, this study found that housing characteristics and level of housing expenditure leads to the economic aid from their parents. In particular, the housing price and transportation condition increase probability the financial aid from parents when the newly-married household starts their housing career. In addition, this study found that the items of housing expenditure increase the probability of economic aid for their cost of living. To improve the independence of newly-married household, the government should adopt the housing policy for stable housing price and alleviate the burden of housing expenditure. The significance of this study is analyzing the economic aid from their parents on newly-married household regarding housing economic issues and suggest the policy for independence of living from their parents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1743-1749
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• 2010

A research group demonstrated that the 37 kDA protein of Edwardsiella tarda, a causing causative agent of edwardsiellosis in fish, exhibited high antigenicity in Japanese flounder. The research group also showed that the N-terminus amino acid sequences of the 37 kDa protein were mapped to the N-terminus of GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). Using degenerated primer sets based on the known N-terminus sequence, the corresponding E. tarda DNA was amplified and cloned. The nucleotide sequences of the cloned gene revealed high homology with a bacterial gene for GAPDH, as we was expected. The amino acid sequence of E. tarda GAPDH (etGAPDH) revealed a <70% similarity with GAPDH proteins in other Enterobacteriaceae. With the application of artificial protein overexpression system in Escherichia coli, the recombinant etGAPDH (rGAPDH) was produced and purified. In this study, Using the purified rGAPDH, the etGAPDH specific polyclonal antibody has been was generated using the purified rGAPDHin this study. The immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the location of the GAPDH protein is located with the association of is associated with the envelops of E. tarda. The rGAPDH was administrated into Japanese flounder via IP route for evaluation of the protective ability. Although the specific antibody titer against etGAPDH was increased about 3-fold after 4 weeks post-vaccination, the survival rates of vaccinated Japanese flounder and the control group with wild type E. tarda was were 12.5% and 0%, respectively. Our results indicated that rGAPDH is immunoreactive antigen but that it will not generate protective immunity in Japanese flounder.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.465-480
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• 2009

In this study, single and multiple linear regression model were used to derive the relationship between precipitation and altitude, latitude and longitude in Jejudo. The single linear regression analysis was focused on whether orographic effect was existed in Jejudo by annual average precipitation, and the multiple linear regression analysis on whether orographic effect was applied to each duration and return period of quantile from regional frequency analysis by index flood method. As results of the regression analysis, it shows the relationship between altitude and precipitation strongly form a linear relationship as the length of duration and return period increase. The multiple linear regression precipitation estimates(which used altitude, latitude, and longitude information) were found to be more reasonable than estimates obtained using altitude only or altitude-latitude and altitude-longitude. Especially, as results of spatial distribution analysis by kriging method using GIS, it also provides realistic estimates for precipitation that the precipitation was occurred the southeast region as real climate of Jejudo. However, the accuracy of regression model was decrease which derived a short duration of precipitation or estimated high region precipitation even had long duration. Consequently the other factor caused orographic effect would be needed to estimate precipitation to improve accuracy.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-116
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• 2010

The development and accomplishment of Open Source Software(OSS) is one of the hottest, as well as the most recent topics in the software industry. Prior studies with respects to OSS have concentrated on discovering both developers and users' rationales of participating OSS projects, analyzing specific OSS solutions or OSS movement itself. However, the empirical study on identifying determinants that influence organizational adoption of OSS and further diffusion of the technology has been a scant. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the key determinants affecting organizational adoption of OSS. The proposed research model incorporates organizational needs(Evolutional Leadership, Adaptive performance, Readiness for Change) and technological needs(Job Relevance, Cost Benefits, Software Quality) in order to explain organizational OSS adoption. Further, this study assesses the impact organizational OSS adoption has on the OSS Performance and OSS Diffusion. Results from 366 adopting organizations in various industries show three constructs in organizational needs and two constructs in technological needs with exception of Job Relevance have a significant influence on OSS Adoption; and adoption impacts its performance, and diffusion. The implications of the results suggest not only a new theoretical model for OSS research, but also the important implications for OSS diffusion.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1059-1063
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• 2009

모바일 폰의 메뉴 구조는 하이퍼텍스트 형태로 정보를 제공하며 링크의 연결로 페이지 정보를 전달하거나 하부 카테고리로 연결하는 역할을 한다. 모바일 폰 사용자는 메뉴 조작을 통해 기능을 실행하며, 이 과정에서 선형구조, 계층형 구조, 대화형 구조, 데이터베이스 구조, 혼합구조와 같은 다양한 형태를 경험하게 된다. 사용자는 모바일 폰의 다양한 기능을 사용하면서 추상적 개념의 공간 인지를 구체적인 공간으로 이해하려 한다. 즉 UI, GUI에서 제시하고 있는 Label이나 방향표시를 따라 상하좌우라는 공간적 개념으로 은유하여 이해하는 것이다. 하드키 단말의 경우는 상하좌우키를 이용하여 공간을 이해했다면 최근에는 터치 및 제스처 동작 인식이 가능한 폰이 등장하면서 좌우 flick, 상하 flick 등과 같은 구체적인 행동으로 디바이스 화면에서 공간이 이동하는 것으로 이해하고 있다. 본 논문에서 사용자의 공간 은유를 이해하기 위해 상위 depth로 이동하는 [이전] 키의 기능을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 첫째, 기능을 수행하기 위해 순차적으로 진행하는 방법보다는 [취소]를 이용하여 depth를 이동하는 것이 사용자의 모바일 폰의 공간 은유 파악에 더욱 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라고 예상되기 때문이다. 둘째, [이전], [취소]라는 Label이 가지고 있는 모호성 때문이다. 모바일 폰의 다양한 기능 중에서 [이전]는 전체 사용에 있어 아주 작은 요소에 불과하지만 사용자는 정해진 순서의 process에 따라 기능을 수행할 때와는 다르게 역 방향 Process를 사용하면서 모바일 폰의 구조를 이해하고 모바일 공간을 인지하는 중요한 요소로 사용될 수 있을 것이라고 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 이전으로 돌아가는 [이전]의 기능을 통해 사용자가 메뉴의 층위 구조 및 공간 인지에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이다라는 가설을 설정하여 이를 실험을 통해 증명하고자 한다. 실험을 위해 모바일 폰을 자주 사용하고 있는 20~30대 남녀 10명의 피험자에게 전화번호부, 앨범, 문자메시지의 목록화면과 상세보기 화면을 제시한 후 마지막 상세보기 화면에서 실험에서 제시하는 제시어를 보고 어느 화면으로 이동하게 될 것인지를 예상하는 질문을 하였으며, 그러한 이유에 대해서는 인터뷰를 통해 확인하였다. 이 실험을 통해 사용자의 모바일 폰 공간인지는 동일한 레벨의 단계 즉 상세보기의 경우는 수평의 관계라고 보고 있으며, 목록화면과 상세화면의 관계는 상하의 관계라고 이해하고 있다. 이러한 이유를 인터뷰를 통해 질문하였을 때, 상세화면에서 좌우 방향표시가 존재하기 때문이라는 응답이 높았으며, 상세보기 화면이 좌우라고 인식하면 목록화면은 상하의 관계로 이해하고 있다고 응답하였다. 즉 하나의 정해진 공간인지를 통해 다른 공간을 유추하여 생각하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 결과적으로 실제 단말에서 [이전] 기능을 상위 depth로 이동하도록 설계하였다면 [한단계위]라는 Label 또는 e번과 같은 상위의 개념을 포함한 아이콘을 사용한다면 혼란을 줄일 수 있는 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 현재 논문에서는 [이전]라는 기능으로만 사용자의 공간 개념을 예측할 수 있었지만, 터치스크린의 등장과 함께 플릭과 같은 다양한 제스처에 의한 인터렉션이 가능한 현 시점에서 추상적인 공간은 방향성을 가진 제스처에 의해 구체적인 물리적 공간으로 인식하는 경향이 더욱 뚜렷이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 사용자의 공간인지에 도움을 줄 수 있는 Label과 방향성 표시는 더욱 절실히 요구되고 있는 시점이며, 이후 모바일 환경에서 사용자의 공간인지에 대한 구체적인 연구가 필요하리라고 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.300-305
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• 2002

The construction project is a complex undertaking involving multiple participants. Conflicts are inherently natural in the construction projects and subsequently, a success of projects mainly depends on how well to cope with the conflicts. In the past, courts usually took the position that the professional's exposure in damages for negligent performance of any of his/her duties would not extend to strangers to the contractual arrangement. However, courts today generally reject that rationale which was earlier in vogue and protect architects, engineers, and contractors from being liable to third parties. It means that the lack of privity of contract could rarely protect a profession in a suit alleging the negligence or professional malpractice in preparing plans or specifications. The main goal of this paper is to enhance the understanding of the legal aspect of privity and to provide the trend of no-privity disputes through the analysis of lawsuit cases during the last 40 years. On the base of the analysis, importance of the third relationship and the liability in construction disputes is presented.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2018

A certificate is a means to certify users by conducting the identification of the users, the prevention of forgery and alteration, and non-repudiation. Most people use an accredited certificate when they perform a task using online banking, and it is often used for the purpose of proving one's identity in issuing various certificates and making electronic payments in addition to online banking. At this time, the issued certificate exists in a file form on the disk, and it is possible to use the certificate issued in an existing device in a new device only if one copies it from the existing device. However, most certificate duplication methods are a method of duplication, entering an 8-16 digit verification code. This is inconvenient because one should enter the verification code and has a weakness that it is vulnerable to security issues. To solve this weakness, this study proposes a method for enhancing security certificate duplication in a multi-channel using TCP and BLE. The proposed method: 1) shares data can be mutually authenticated, using BLE Advertising data; and 2) encrypts the certificate with a symmetric key algorithm and delivers it after the certification of the device through an ECC-based electronic signature algorithm. As a result of the implementation of the proposed method in a mobile environment, it could defend against sniffing attacks, the area of security vulnerabilities in the existing methods and it was proven that it could increase security strength about $10^{41}$ times in an attempt of decoding through the method of substitution of brute force attack existing method.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.5
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• pp.763-772
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• 2003

Design patterns are known widely by the techniques to improve software qualify. The design patterns are efficient solutions for problems occurring frequently in software development. Recently there are wide researches for design patterns to find them and to verify usability for them. But there are very few researches to define systematic development approaches about constructing application using design patterns. In this paper, we propose an approach for the pattern-oriented software development process using incremental composition for design patterns. For this proposal, first we define a development process using design patterns, propose technique for incremental composition for design patterns and view ports for software in the process. Also we deal with the problem of efficient traceability and maintenance to design patterns in the software system. And we use a feedback framework system as an illustrative example to show how the process can be used to develop the pattern-oriented software. In the development of software, the systematic development approach and usage increase efficiency to develop the system by using design experience and technique early in the development lifecycle. Therefore the system will assure the high stability and reusability and offer the low cost and time for development.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2016

Motion detection algorithms based on difference image are classified into background subtraction and previous frame subtraction. 1) Background subtraction is a convenient and effective method for detecting foreground objects in a stationary background. However in real world scenarios, especially outdoors, this restriction, (i.e., stationary background) often turns out to be impractical since the background may not be stable. 2) Previous frame subtraction is a simple technique for detecting motion in an image. The difference between two frames depends upon the amount of motion that occurs from one frame to the next. Both these straightforward methods fail when the object moves very "slightly and slowly". In order to efficiently deal with the problem, in this paper we present an algorithm for motion detection that incorporates "reflected light area" and "difference image". This reflected light area is generated during the frame production process. It processes multiplex difference image and AND-arithmetic of bitwise. This process incorporates the accuracy of background subtraction and environmental adaptability of previous frame subtraction and reduces noise generation. Also, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by the performance assessment of each method using Gait database sample of CASIA.