• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.484-487
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• 2002

The mold transformers have been widely used in underground substations in large building and have some advantages in comparison to oil-transformer, that is low fire risk, excellent environmental compatibility, compact size and high reliability. In addition, the application of mold transformer for outdoor is possible due to development of epoxy resin. The mold transformer generally has cooling duct between low voltage coil and high voltage coil. A mold transformer made by one body molding method has been developed for small size and low loss. In this paper, the proto type mold transformer of 50kVA class is investigated by routine, type, special test. The outdoor energized aging test is investigated by back-to-back method to verify the long time performance of pole mold transformer. The aging process of transformer is analyzed by various diagnosis method such as DC voltage-current test, $tan{\delta}$, Meggar measurement, winding temperature and etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2002

Surface states of silicone polymer treated by plasma were investigated by the analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface voltage decay. Plasma treatment causes the silica-like oxidative layer, which is confirmed with XPS, and lowers surface resistivity with increasing the plasma treatment time. Using the decay time constant of surface voltage, the calculated surface resistivity was compared with the value directly measured by a voltage-current method. A good agreement between two methods was obtained. In addition, we estimated the thermal activation energy for surface conduction, Based on our results, we could understand the relationship between surface chemical states and surface electrical properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.164-169
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• 2005

A.T.S.의 스위칭 구조와 접점 환경은 주로 아크 전류, 접촉 저항, 아크 시간 등의 불리적 요인이 주로 마모와 특성에 영향을 미치게 된다. 사용되는 접점 재료는 W 또는 WC-Cu 계로 형상과 크기는 전형적인 반구형 구조의 접촉으로 구동이 이루어진다. 따라서 A.T.S.용 접점의 아크 마모 특성 시험을 위한 고려 요인은 이러한 점을 고려하여 시험과 분석이 이루어 졌다. 접점의 마모 특성 실험식으로부터 실제적인 관점에서 보면 제한된 수명을 나타내는 $n_L$을 보장하기 때문에 b<1의 경우가 가장 바람직한 결과로 ATS 접점 시편의 경우 $b{\fallingdotseq}0.99$로 안정된 접점 아크 마모 특성을 갖는 것으로 판단된다. 아크 전압에 대한 모델링과 실험에서 접점 간극 거리 1<0.1mm, 아크전류 i<100A의 시험 조건에 대해 검토한 결과 ATS 접점 시편의 아크전압은 $u_a=10.2V$로 계산되었다. 이 값은 설험적인 값과 상당히 접근하는 특성을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 아크에 의한 마모를 억제하기 위해 첨가하는 WC 또는 W의 복합 소결로 인해 아크 에너지가 감소되는 것을 보여준다. 한편 접점의 아크 동작이 분리되는 순간의 동작 시험에서 기존 W(50%wt)-Cu(50%wt) 접점의 값과 비교하면 분리시 아크 전압은 상대적으로 낮아지는 현상은 W강화 첨가량의 증가로 인한 아크 에너지 감소의 제한성을 나타내는 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.175-179
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• 2005

The main objective of this paper is to module design and pressure relief test a new type of polymer gapless surge arrester for power distribution line. Metal oxide surge arrester for most electric power system applications, power distribution line and electric train are now being used extensively to protect overvoltage due to lightning. Surge arresters with porcelain housing must not have explosive breakage of the housing to minimize damage to other equipment when subjected to internal high short circuit current. When breakdown of gapless elements in a surge arrester occurs due to flashover, fault short current flows through the arrester and internal pressure of the arrester rises. The pressure rise can usually be limited by fitting a pressure relief diaphragm and transferring the arc from the inside to the outside of the housing. However, there is possibility of porcelain fragmentation caused by the thermal shock, pressure rise, etc. Non-fragmenting of the housing is the most desired way to prevent damage to other equipment. The pressure change which is occurred by flashover become discharge energy. This discharge energy raises to damage arrester housing and arrester housing is dispersed as small fragment. Therefore, the pressure relief design is requested to obstruct housing dispersion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.495-496
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• 2008

This paper describes the influence of Ultra-violet irradiation on time to tracking resistance of epoxy insulating materials by use of the inclined plane test. And, the influence of surface degradation was evaluated through several method such as measurement of contact angle, surface roughness, using a scanning electron microscopy. As the 1000 hours of the surface degradation with UV-CON, the flashover time decreases at different rates depending on epoxy resin and silicone rubber specimen. As the duration of the surface degradation with UV-CON is prolonged, the contact angle of epoxy resin decreases at the rate of degradation time, while that of silicone rubber was not exchanged. It is assumed that this phenomenon is related to the decrease in hydrophobicity of the surface of the materials. Also, as to epoxy resin, the decrease of hydrophobicity due to surface degradation with UV-CON is greater than that resulting from surface degradation with WOM. The UV radiation produced chalking and crazing on the surface of the insulating materials specimen.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.152-157
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• 2002

This paper describes an effect of a single- and a quadruple-lightning impulse currents on electrical characteristics of ZnO blocks, and an expert system to diagnose arrestor deterioration. To deduce the parameters needed for diagnosing arrester deterioration, an accelerate deterioration teat is carried out. In the experiment, leakage current components are measured. Also, wave height distribution of the leakage current according to the progress of arrester deterioration is analyzed. From the experimental results, the wave height distribution of the leakage current showed conspicuous difference even in an immaterial leakage current increase. Therefore, the use of wave height distribution of the leakage current in deterioration diagnostic technique makes more accurate diagnosis than the conventional method by using only a leakage currant value. Finally, the expert system based on the experimental results is developed and the system can diagnose arrestor deterioration by measuring the leakage current and its wade height distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.842-850
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• 2003

The suspension insulators are subjected to harsh environments in service for a long time. The long-term reliability of tile insulators is required for both mechanical and electrical performances. This study describes some basic performance tests and accelerated aging test by cool-heat cycling methods and thermal mechanical performance test methods on alumina porcelain insulators (new and aged) used for transmission line in KOREA. There was no fail in electrical and mechanical performance tests such as a high voltage strength, a flashover voltage, and an impact strength in all samples. But in the case of accelerating aging tests which have above 9$0^{\circ}C$ temperature gradient, fracture phenomena was happened by a thermal shock in tile aged sample(sample A) with low alumina porcelain body. It was indicated that sample A was more severely aged than other samples. According to results of HRB test and microstructural analysis, it was reasoned that insulator bodies with the matrix reinforced with alumina crystalline phase have advantages over the suppression of crack advance. And cool-heat aging and mechanical thermal ageing tests shows that a temperature gradient is more effective to accelerating than a cycling number.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07c
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• pp.1590-1592
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• 2000

The time to tracking breakdown of treated filled specimen is longer than untreated filled specimen. And, after the RWDT, the surface of specimen by adding untreated filler appeared heavy erosion. It was found that the addition to surface treated filler. the better tracking resistance. In the RWDT, the breakdown specimen is not affected by the dry flashover voltage. despite the fact that the surface degradation of tracking test has different state on each specimen. This suggests that wet flashover voltage play an important role in evaluating of tracking and erosion on the surface degradation in tracking test. And, the flashover voltage of specimen under wet conditions are greatly affected by the salt concentration and degree of degradation by the RWDT. Because of hydrophobicity and degree of degradation by the RWDT, the flashover voltage of treated filled specimen is higher than that of untreated filled specimen. Different types of specimen may have different hydrophobicity and their surface state under contaminated conditions may not be the same. It is assumed that this phenomenon is related to the decrease in hydrophobicity of the surface of the materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.436-442
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• 2009

This paper describes a study on the design of compact polymer bushing with inner control shield. In the bushing, a high electric stress occurred between field shaper and central conductor by the closely space. Also coaxial cylindrical shield has a great height along the axis to control an electric field. Consequently, all the potentials are raised axially along the field shaper and electric stress is concentrated on a part of the surface of the FRP tube near the upper end of the field shaper. In accordance, the field control can be achieved by means of the designs of such inner control shields. The floating and ring shield designs was decreased electric field concentration at critical parts of the bushing. The shield gaps is formed between field shaper and ring shield. Accordance equipotential lines extend through gaps. As a result, the resulting electrical stress are thus reduced in the range $17{\sim}23%$ in the bushing with floating and ring shield designs. Maxwell 2D simulator based on the boundary element method was also introduced in order to verify the reliability of the polymer bushing. The optimized design uses internal elements for electric stress grading at critical parts of the bushing.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

In order to protect the patterned mask from contamination during lithography process, pellicle has become a critical component for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography technology. According to EUV pellicle requirements, the pellicle should have high EUV transmittance and robust mechanical property. In this study, silicon nitride, which is well-known for its remarkable mechanical property, was used as a pellicle membrane material to achieve high EUV transmittance. Since long silicon wet etching process time aggravates notching effect causing stress concentration on the edge or corner of etched structure, the remaining membrane is prone to fracture at the end of etch process. To overcome this notching effect and attain high transmittance, we began preparing a rather thick (200 nm) $SiN_x$ membrane which can be stably manufactured and was thinned into 43 nm thickness with HF wet etching process. The measured EUV transmittance shows similar values to the simulated result. Therefore, the result shows possibilities of HF thinning processes for $SiN_x$ EUV pellicle fabrication.