• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-55
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to show the clustering trend and to choose the clustering ports for 3 Korean ports(Busan, Incheon and Gwangyang Ports) by using the self organizing maps based on neural network(SOM) and Tier models for 38 Asian ports during 11 years(2001-2011) with 4 input variables(birth length, depth, total area, and number of crane) and 1 output variable(container TEU). The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, clustering results by using SOM show that 3 Korean ports[Busan(26.5%), Incheon(13.05%), and Gwangyang(22.95%) each]can increase the efficiency. Second, according to Tier model, Busan(Hongkong, Sanghai, Manila, and Singapore), Incheon(Aden, Ningbo, Dabao, and Bangkog), and Gwangyang(Aden, Ningbo, Bangkog, Hipa, Dubai, and Guangzhou) should be clustered with those ports in parentheses. Third, when both SOM and Tier models are mixed, (1) efficiency improvement of Busan Port is greater than those of Incheon and Gwangyang ports. (2) Incheon port has shown the slow improvement during 2001-2007, but after 2008, improvement speed was high. (3) improvement level of Gwangyang port was high during 2001-2003, but after 2004, improvement level was constantly decreased. The policy implication of this paper is that Korean port policy planner should introduce the SOM, and Tier models with the mixed two models when clustering among the Asian ports for enhancing the efficiency of inputs and outputs.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of moisture contents (40, 50, 60%) and $CO_2$ gas injection (0 and 800 mL/min) on physicochemical properties of extruded soy protein isolate (SPI). The expansion ratio and the specific length increased, but piece density decreased with the increase in $CO_2$ gas injection from 0 to 800 mL/min at both 40 and 50% moisture contents. On the contrary, the expansion ratio and the specific length decreased, but piece density increased with the increase in $CO_2$ gas injection from 0 to 800 mL/min at 60% moisture content. Extruded SPI with $CO_2$ gas injection at 800 mL/min had small cell size and higher amount of cell than extruded SPI without $CO_2$ gas injection. The water holding capacity and nitrogen solubility index increased, and the integrity index and the texture decreased with the increase in $CO_2$ gas injection from 0 to 800 mL/min. In conclusion, extruded SPI with the $CO_2$ gas injection at 800 mL/min showed better expansion properties and cell formation than extruded SPI without the $CO_2$ gas injection.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.283-295
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• 2021

This paper proposes a method for generating dense depth map using information of color images and depth map generated based on lidar based on self-organizing map. The proposed depth map upsampling method consists of an initial depth prediction step for an area that has not been acquired from LiDAR and an initial depth filtering step. In the initial depth prediction step, stereo matching is performed on two color images to predict an initial depth value. In the depth map filtering step, in order to reduce the error of the predicted initial depth value, a self-organizing map technique is performed on the predicted depth pixel by using the measured depth pixel around the predicted depth pixel. In the process of self-organization map, a weight is determined according to a difference between a distance between a predicted depth pixel and an measured depth pixel and a color value corresponding to each pixel. In this paper, we compared the proposed method with the bilateral filter and k-nearest neighbor widely used as a depth map upsampling method for performance comparison. Compared to the bilateral filter and the k-nearest neighbor, the proposed method reduced by about 6.4% and 8.6% in terms of MAE, and about 10.8% and 14.3% in terms of RMSE.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.93
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• pp.121-148
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• 2011

The uncodifiability thesis in anti-theory argument is the typical claim for the impossibility of ethical theorizing. Based on this thesis reflecting particularism strongly, contemporary anti-theorists in ethics argue that individual decisions in particular situations cannot be codified into moral principles. The uncodifiability thesis needs to be examined by the following two issues: a theoretical issue of whether the object of codification is moral practices or not; and a practical one of whether moral principles present the decision procedure of moral reasoning or not. The characteristics of practical reasoning show that the object of codification in ethics, as moral theorists insist, is not moral practices but morality itself. Also moral theorists, contrary to the criticisms of anti-theorists, insist that moral reasoning is comprised of not only moral principles but also moral judgments with contextual knowledge and moral wisdom. In brief, moral theorists make a persuasive response to the uncodifiability thesis when they do neither intend to codify moral practices into moral principles nor to deduce the moral reasoning from moral principles. For them moral judgments should be examined by the moral principles which present universal and idealistic morality.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.585-586
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• 1972

The demonstration of glycoprotein in developing mandibular bone was observed histochemically, using Clara method and Von Kossa method. The glycoprotein reaction showed slight activity in New bilding bone matrix.

• ICROS
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.17-30
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• 1997

개방화 연구라는 것은 그 자체가 특정 제품을 구체적으로 개발하는 것이 아니라, 그 가능성 제공에 있음을 유의할 필요가 있다. 개방화 기술은 향후 새로운 기술장벽으로 작용할 수도 있으므로 우리나라도 관련 분야의 연구를 조직화하여 선진제국의 개방화 연구와 협력, 교류할 필요가 높아지고 있다. 참고로 일본의 OSEC II 프로젝트는 해외 연구기관 및 기업이 참여할 수 있도록 개방되어 있다고 한다.

• 순환기질환의공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.57-58
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• 2005

• Defense and Technology
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• no.4 s.254
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• pp.66-73
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• 2000

고도로 조직화된 마케도니아의 공병 부대는 포위전에 사용되는 무기뿐 아니라 강을 건너는 부교도 제작하였다. 포병의 경우에는 특별히 제작된 중요한 부속들은 동물이나 마차에 의하여 운반되었는데, 이것들은 부분들로 분해되어 한 뭉치씩 조립되어 운반되었다. 알렉산더 대왕은 전투시 단편명령을 전달하기 위하여 7명의 부관이나 근위병 그룹 중 하나를 사용하였다. 근위병 부대는 현대의 사관학교와 비교할만한 훈련 계획으로 훈련된 장교단을 의미한다.

• Digital Contents
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• no.5 s.72
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• pp.20-26
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• 1999

ERP데이터는 조직의 비즈니스 과정상 중요한 것을 담고 있다. 다름 아닌 고객들에 대한 정보, 경쟁환경, 주요 경쟁상대, 그리고 얼마나 효과적으로 자원의 조직화가 이루어졌는가 하는 것들이다. 이러한 데이터를 이용해 유용한 정보를 찾아 낼 수 있다면 무한경쟁 환경 속에서 비교우위를 갖게 되는 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 ERP와 DW 연계는 향후IT 업계의 이슈라 할 수 있다.

• Digital Contents
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• no.5 s.120
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• pp.128-131
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• 2003

디지털콘텐츠를 제작해 수익을 창출하고자 하는 기업들. 기업을 운영하면서 경영과 투자유치, 조직관리, 각종 법제도에 대한 배경 지식을 갖고 있어야 한다. 이번 호에서는 콘텐츠 기업의 '학습조직화'와 '효율적 조직운영'에 대한 제안과 계약 및 저작권법 등 관련법률에 대한 배경지식의 필요성에 대해 얘기하도록 하겠다.