• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.611-621
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• 2022

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used as control or vehicle solvent in preclinical research of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) due to its ability to dissolve lipophilic compounds and cross the blood brain barrier. However, the biochemical effects of DMSO on the outcomes of preclinical research are often overlooked. In the present study, we investigated whether the long-term oral administration of 5% DMSO affects the neurological, functional, and histological disease phenotype of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase glycine 93 to alanine mutation (SOD1-G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. SOD1-G93A transgenic mice showed shortened survival time and reduced motor function. We found that administration with DMSO led to increased mean survival time, reduced neurological scores, and improved motor performance tested using the rotarod and grip strength tests. On the other hand, DMSO treatment did not attenuate motor neuron loss in the spinal cord and denervation of neuromuscular junctions in the skeletal muscle. These results suggest that DMSO administration could improve the quality of life of the SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS without affecting motor neuron denervation. In conclusion, the use of DMSO as control or vehicle solvent in preclinical research may affect the behavioral outcomes in the SOD1-G93A mouse model. The effect of the vehicle should be thoroughly considered when interpreting therapeutic efficacy of candidate drugs in preclinical research.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 1986

Penetration level, female development and histological changes in infected root tissues were investigated following inoculation with different inoculum levels (110,440 and 1760 juveniles/plant) of Heterodera glycines (SCN) race 3 on susceptible 'Lee' and resistant 'Pickett' soybean cultivars. Penetration level was lower in Pickett at the higher inoculum levels but no differences were detected in Lee. However, the lower penetration level in the resistant soybean cultivar appeared not to be directly related to plant resistance (female maturation). The number of females recovered from Lee was lower at the highest inoculum level. The number of females maturing on Pickett was much less than that on Lee, showing that changes of SCN population is associated with the number of SCN maturing rather than nematode penetration. In Lee mono-infection sites (a single nematode per site) syncytia had dense cytoplasm and no central vacuoles. while multi-infected sites (many overlapping nematodes per site) had syncytia with a large central vacuole and many small vacuoles. Resistant responses in mono-and multi-infected root tissues of Pickett were delayed and rapid necrosis, respectively. The differences in tissue response are suggested as a mechanism that controls density-dependent population changes in resistant and/or susceptible soybean cultivars.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.406-409
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• 2007

A 12-year-old female mixed Chihuahua dog was referred because of acute blindness and progressive tetraparesis. Mutifocal lesions in the cerebrum were noted on brain magnetic resonance images and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed monocytic pleocytosis. Based on these results, granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) was strongly suspected. Cerebral lesions were definitely diagnosed as GME based on histopathological findings and positive results of immunohistological stains of brain with T-cell marker (CD3). This report describes the clinical findings, diagnostic imaging characteristics, and immunohistopathologic features of GME in an old dog. In addition, this case demonstrates that clinical signs of GME were mediated by perivascular infiltration of T lymphocytes and identification of causes in T cell-mediated inflammation should be further studied.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.464-467
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• 2013

A 6-year-old, spayed female Cocker Spaniel was presented with generalized seborrhea sicca. Initially gallbladder mucocele (GM) was suggested by high liver enzyme activities and a stellate pattern in ultrasonography. There were no responses during 16 months of medical treatments for GM. Hormonal assay and histopathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine therapy led to rapid resolution of dermatologic, serum chemical and ultrasonographic abnormalities. This report describes serial changes of skin lesions, serum chemistry and ultrasonography in a dog with concurrent GM and hypothyroidism following treatment of hypothyroidism.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria의 감염으로 토마토 잎조직에 $\beta$-1, 3-Glucanases와 chitinases가 합성, 축적되었다. 그러나 접종되지 않은 건전한 잎에서는 위의 두 가지 가수분해 효소는 매우 낮은 수준으로 유지되었고, 이 두 가지 효소는 친화적 상호작용에서보다는 불친화적 상호작용에서 더욱 높은 수준으로 존재하였다. 이것은 $\beta$-1, 3-glucanases와 chitinases가 X. c. pv. vesicatoria의 생육에 대한 방어기작으로서 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 시사해 주고 있다. Native PAGE 젤 상에서 $\beta$-1, 3-glucanases를 분리한 결과, 병징 발현이나 저항성 발현에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각되는 산성 isoform Ga 1과 염기성 isoform Gb 1의 isoform bands만 확인되었다. Isoelectric focusing을 이용하였을 때, 적어도 pI 6.4와 pI 8.6을 지닌 두 개의 $\beta$-1, 3-glucanases의 isoform을 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 불친화적 상호작용에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 유도되었다. 이것은 병 진전과정에서 X. c. pv. vesicatoria에 대해 저항성 발현에 관여한다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 산성 chitinase isoform인 Ca 1의 활성은 병원균의 감염이 진전되는 동안 감소하였다. 또한 다섯 개의 염기성 chitinase isoform이 감염된 토마토 잎 조직에서 발견되었는데, 특히 토마토의 방어기작에 관여하여 병원화적 균주 Bv5-4a에 감염된 잎에서만 유도, 축적되었다. Isoelectric focusing(IEF)을 이용한 후 적어도 2개의 산성과 4개의 염기성 chitinase isoform이 감염된 토마토 잎 추출액에서 확인되었다. Native PAGE 젤에서 isoform Cb 1에 해당되는 pI 9.5를 지닌 chitinase isoform은 오직 불친화적 상호작용에서만 확인되었다. 이온이 제거된 Triton X-100을 처리하여 renaturation 시킨 후에 SDS-PAGE 젤 상태에서 23 kDa과 26 kDa을 지닌 2개의 chitinase isoform을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets by administration of the PEDV antiserum orally at 2 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. six piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with PEDV at five-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with PEDV only. Clinical signs and gross, histopathological lesion and immunohistochemical findings were examined. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs of severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group recovered progressively. In mortality, control group showed 75%, but PEDV antiserum treated group showed 16.7%, respectively. 2. In gross findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of congestion, distension of lumen, containing curdes of undigested milk in stomach. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 3. In histopathological findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of villous atrophy and fusion, congesion, exfoliation, vacuolation, squamation, loss of cilia and proliferation of crypt. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 4. In immunohistochemical findings, piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group showed more intensive in reaction for IgG and IgG than those of control group. The recation for IgA was stronger than that of IgG. It was concluded that oral administration of PEDV antiserum to piglets was effective in preventing PEDV infection and reduced their mortality.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2008

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the decisive test in the pre-operative diagnostics of thyroid nodules. Here we share our institutional experience about thyroid aspiration and give suggestions for suspicious cytology results. Three hundred twenty-two cases in 270 patients (mean age 47.4 years, 243 women and 27 men) who underwent thyroidectomy were reviewed. Among the 322 cases, the FNA diagnosis of "positive for malignancy" was 87 cases (27.0%), "suggestive of malignancy" 30 cases (9.3%), "suspicious for malignancy" 61 cases (18.9%), "negative for malignancy" 102 cases (31.7%), and "unsatisfactory smear" 42 cases (13.0%). Eighty seven cases (100%) out of "positive for malignancy", 29 cases (96.7%) out of "suggestive of malignancy", and 39 cases (64.0%) out of "suspicious for malignancy" were papillary carcinoma (148 cases, 95.5%), or follicular carcinoma (2 cases, 1.3%), or metastatic carcinoma (1 case, 0.6%). Seventeen patients who had only negative or unsatisfactory cytology underwent thyroidectomy and nine cases (52.9%) were papillary carcinoma. We suggest that: the cytology diagnosis of "suggestive of malignancy" could be regarded as "positive for malignancy", the cytology diagnosis of "suspicious of malignancy" should be carefully correlated with clinico-radiologic manifestation, and even a negative or unsatisfactory smear should be carefully followed up.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1108-1113
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features of conjunctival dermolipoma. Methods: We reviewed the ocular records of 18 consecutive patients diagnosed with dermolipoma in our hospital between March 2016 and March 2018. Results: The study population consisted of eight females and 10 males with a mean age of 61 months (range 3 months to 45 years old), with a pinkish conjunctival mass located at a mean of 4.7 mm (range 2-8 mm) from the temporal limbus and anterior to the lateral orbital rim. The mean visual acuity of eight patients in whom it was possible to measure visual acuity was 0.9 (range 0.6-1.0). Surgery was performed in two eyes. Pathological examination revealed conjunctival dermolipoma. Postoperatively, there was no evidence of visual changes or specific complications. Conclusions: Conjunctival dermolipoma may be suspected in cases with a congenital subconjunctival non-movable mass, which can be confirmed by computed tomography and pathological examination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.212-218
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• 2021

Ewing sarcomas constitute a group of small, round, blue cell tumors of the bone and soft tissue. Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from soft tissues, and it usually affects children and young adults. EES of the thoracopulmonary region commonly presents with a palpable mass or pain. Although rarely reported, EES affecting the anterior chest wall may present as a breast mass. We report a case of EES arising from the chest wall and manifesting as a palpable breast mass in a 22-year-old woman. The large mass was initially misdiagnosed as a breast origin mass on ultrasonography, but subsequent CT and MRI showed that the mass originated from the chest wall. Radiologists should be aware of the imaging findings of EES, and they should understand that chest wall lesions may be clinically confused as breast lesions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1304-1309
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• 2021

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma that arises from mesenchymal tissue. Primary UPS of the small intestine is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Its presentation is usually nonspecific; however, it may occasionally present as intussusception with intermittent abdominal pain. It is a highly aggressive tumor with a propensity for early distant metastasis to the peritoneum, lymph nodes, other abdominal organs, lungs and brain. To our knowledge, there are no reported cases of endobronchial metastasis from small intestine UPS. We report a rare case of UPS of the small intestine with endobronchial metastasis presenting as intussusception.