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Dosimetric Comparison of Intensity Modulated Radiation, Proton Beam Therapy and Proton Arc Therapy for Para-aortic Lymph Node Tumor (대동맥림프절 종양에 대한 세기조절방사선치료, 양성자치료, 양성자회전치료의 선량 비교평가)

  • Kim, JungHoon
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.331-339
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    • 2014
  • To test feasibility of proton arc therapy (PAT) in the treatment of para-aortic lymph node tumor and compare its dosimetric properties with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and conventional 3D conformal proton beam therapy (PBT). The treatment plans for para-aortic lymph node tumor were planned for 9 patients treated at our institution using IMRT, PBT, and PAT. Feasibility test and dosimetric evaluation were based on comparisons of dose volume histograms (DVHs) which reveal mean dose, $D_{30%}$, $D_{60%}$, $D_{90%}$, $V_{30%}$, $V_{60%}$, $V_{90%}$, organ equivalent doses (OEDs), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI). The average doses delivered by PAT to the liver, kidney, small bowel, duodenum, stomach were 7.6%, 3%, 17.3%, 26.7%, and 14.4%, of the prescription dose (PD), respectively, which is higher than the doses delivered by IMRT (0.4%, 7.2%, 14.2%, 15.9%, and 12.8%, respectively) and PBT (4.9%, 0.5%, 14.12%, 16.1% 9.9%, respectively). The average homogeneity index and conformity index of tumor using PAT were 12.1 and 1.21, respectively which were much better than IMRT (21.5 and 1.47, respectively) and comparable to PBT (13.1 and 1.23, respectively). The result shows that both NTCP and OED of PAT are generally lower than IMRT and PBT. This study demonstrates that PAT is better in target conformity and homogeneity than IMRT and PBT but worse than IMRT and PBT for most of dosimetric factor which indicate that PAT is not recommended for the treatment of para-aortic lymph node tumor.

Analysis of Impacts of Digital-Textbooks on Learners' Self-regulated Learning and Problem-solving Competency (디지털교과서가 학습자의 자기조절학습 및 문제해결 역량에 미치는 효과 분석)

  • Cha, Hyun-Jin;Kye, Bokyung;Jeong, Kwang Hoon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.13-25
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    • 2017
  • This study aims to analyze the impacts on self-regulated learning (SRL) and problem-solving (PS) competencies rather than learning achievement through the use of digital textbooks in the SMART learning environment. To achieve the objective, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ grade elementary and $1^{st}$ year middle school students were selected from 29 schools where the digital textbooks were utilized in the subjects of science in pilot schools in 2014. In this, One-Group Pretest-Posttest Designs were applied as a research method to analyze SRL and PS competencies. Additionally, the effect size of Cohen's d was presented in order to display the practical significance. The results showed the positive impacts on SRL and PS competencies, in spite of a small effect size of about 0.2 through the use of digital textbooks. ANCOVA was conducted to determine the difference in the impacts according to demographic variables. The results demonstrated that the difference in the impacts on both SRL and PS were statistically significant according to the grade and level. For SRL, both the elementary grade 4 and middle school students showed more significant differences than elementary grade 3. Moreover, for PS, the elementary grade 4 students showed the most significant difference.

Multiple low-dose Streptozotocin 유도 Type I 당뇨병 상태의 면역 기능에 미치는 Brazilin의 영향

  • 문창규;양경미
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1994.04a
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    • pp.321-321
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    • 1994
  • 다양하고 복잡한 기전에 의하여 정교히 조절되고 있는 면역 체계의 비정상적인 기능에 비롯된 자가 면역 질환을 개선, 치료하기 위하여 지금까지 많은 면역 조절제가 개발되어 온 바 있으며, 이들의 면역 조절 기전은 약물에 따라 그 효능에 있어 차이가 크고 독성등의 부작용등으로 인해 그 사용이 현저히 제한되고있는 경우가 많아 보다 안전하고 효능있는 새로운 면역 조절제의 개발은 아직도 매우 중요한 의의를 지니고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구실에서는 천연물로부터의 새로운 면역 조절제의 검색을 수행하여 온 바 있으며, 그중 Brazilin이 Low-dose Streptozotocin의 반복 투여에 의해 유도되는 당뇨병 상태의 면역 조절 기능에 미치는 영향에 대해서 검색하고자 하였다. 실험의 결과를 종합하여보면, Brazilin은 외부항원 (SRBC)의 유입시 정상 대조군에 비해 현저히 저하되어 있는 T cell의 기능을 정상 대조군 혹은 그 이상으로 증가시키는 효과를 나타내었으며, B cell의 기능 역시 활성화 시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이로부터 Brazilin은 Streptozotocin 유도 당뇨병 상태의 면역기능을 정상화시키는 면역 조절활성을 갖는 것으로 판단되었다.

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A Test of Moderating Effect of Superior Support Between Issue Leadership and Performance: With an Emphasis on Team Member's Issue Leadership (이슈리더십과 성과 간의 관계에서 상사지원의 조절효과 검증 -팀원의 이슈리더십을 중심으로-)

  • Shin, Sung-Hyun;Baik, Ki-Bok;Choi, Ji-Sun
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.463-476
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    • 2015
  • Until now most of the leadership studies have been focused to managers having in formal authority. However, in the recent business environment, team member should also demonstrate his leadership. Hence, the purpose of this study has been focused to the team member's leadership and their leadership effectiveness. In this study, we verified how the degree of master sergeant's support can control to moderate the intensity of the team member's leadership behavior. The analysis results were as follows: we have found that team member's issue leadership can effect on positive(+) way on the audience's acceptance to the leader as well as team performance. But the moderating effects of master sergeant's support on the team member's issue leadership and leader acceptance was not significant in terms of statistical point of view. It has also shown even the negative(-) effects of master sergeants's support on the team member's issue leadership and leader acceptance as well as team performance. Through this study, we can understand that the master sergeant's support may impeding the team member's independent leadership.

Effects of Self-Regulation, Teaching Presence, Learning Engagement on Computational Thinking in Online SW Liberal Education (온라인 SW교양교육에서 자기조절, 교수실재감, 학습몰입이 컴퓨팅사고력에 미치는 영향)

  • Ha, Seukyoung;Park, Juyeon;Bae, Yoonju;Lee, Jeongmin
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.579-590
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    • 2021
  • This study examined the mediating effect of learning engagement in the relationship between self-regulation, teaching presence and computational thinking in online SW education. To verify the research problem, a blended learning model adopted SW liberal course at A Women's University located in Seoul, which 94 students were enrolled in, was selected. The results of this study and the implications are as follows: First, it was found that learning engagement mediated the relationship between self-regulation and computational thinking. Second, it was found that learning engagement mediated the relationship between teaching presence and computational thinking. This study suggested a plan to improve learners' active engagement and self-regulation strategy in online SW education. In addition, it is significant that this study considered a method for learners to perceive teaching presence in online learning environment.

M-13 박테리오파지 기반 나노구조를 이용한 생체모방 컬러 디스플레이 개발

  • Kim, Chun-Tae;Kim, Won-Geun;Sin, Chang-Hyeon;O, Jin-U
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.08a
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    • pp.293.2-293.2
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    • 2013
  • 구조색에 기반을 둔 반사형 디스플레이는 낮은 전력 소모와 쉬운 제조 과정뿐만 아니라 후광 없이 작동이 가능한 장점으로 인해 최근 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 하지만 기술적으로 다양한 색체 구현이 어려워 현재까지는 많이 응용되고 있지는 않다. 이에 본 연구에서 우리는 바이러스(M13-박테리오파지)를 기반으로 한 신개념 컬러 디스플레이를 개발하고자 한다. 우리가 개발하고자 하는 컬러디스플레이는 자가 조립방법으로 만들어진 나노 구조체로 형성되어 있으며, 간단한 실험 조건 조절을 통해 다양한 색깔 구현을 할 수 있다. 특히, MEMS 공정으로 자체 제작한 Micro Heater의 온도 조절을 통해 자가 조립된 나노 구조체의 간격 주기를 조절 하면, 기존에 형성된 색을 원하는대로 자유롭게 바꿀 수 있다. 우리가 개발하고자하는 생체 재료 기반 컬러 소자는 차세대 디스플레이의 또 다른 새로운 시도가 되리라 생각한다.

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The Effect of Balance Training using Force Platform on Postural Control and Central Somatosensory Pathway in Adults with C. N. S. Disorders (Force Platform을 이용한 평형성 훈련이 중추신경계 손상자의 자세조절 및 중추 감각신경전도로에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim Yoo-Sub;Kang Hyo-Young;Kim Tae-Yoon
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.71-79
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구의 목적은 균형 훈련이 중추신경계 손상자들의 자세 조절 및 중추감각신경전도로에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 중추신경계 손상자로써 실험군 10명, 통제군 10명 등 총 20명을 선정하였으며, 실험군은 본 연구의 훈련 프로그램에 따라 12주간 force platform을 이용하여 균형훈련을 실시토록하였다. 자세조절 변인의 측정은 운동처치 전, 처치 후 8주 및 12주 후에 대상자들의 동적 및 정적 자세에서의 흔들림을 Dynamic Balance System을 이용하여 측정하였고, 체성감각 유발전위의 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기, 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기, 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 Neurotec을 이용하여 측정 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정적 자세 조절 요인의 경우, 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (p<.05) 감소하였고, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게(P<.05, P<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 2. 전후 이동면과 전후 기울기면에서 동적 자세 조절의 변화는 전후 이동면에서 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 감소하였으며, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게 (P<.05, p<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 3. 체성감각 유발전위의 잠복기 변화는 실험군과 통제군에 있어서 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기와 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기가 다소 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 실험군에 있어서 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 12주의 균형 훈련은 자세 조절에 있어서 전후와 좌우의 흔들림을 감소시킴으로써 정적인 상태나 동적인 상태에서의 자세 안정성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 이는 자세 조절에 필요한 항중력근의 긴장성 수축을 유발시킬 뿐만 아니라 근육 긴장분포를 조절할 수 있다는 것으로 신경근 조절 기능의 향상을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기의 증가는 중추신경계의 감각기능의 신경학적 회복을 의미하는 것으로 중추신경계의 감각 운동통합에도 영향을 미쳐 운동기능의 향상을 기대할 수 이을 것으로 사료된다.

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The Diurnal Change of Accommodative Functions by Near Work (일과 중 근거리 작업에 따른 조절기능의 변화)

  • Lee, Jeong-Yun;Yu, Dong-Sik;Son, Jeong-Sik;Cho, Hyun Gug;Moon, Byeong-Yeon
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The daily changes of accommodation at period 1 (08:00~10:00), period 2 (13:00~15:00) and period 3 (18:00~20:00) were surveyed with fifty two incipient presbyopia of from 38 to 49 years old. Methods: 52 incipient presbyopia subjects (30 men, 22 women) were classified into 4 groups (groupI: ${\geq}$ 7 hrs~group IV: < 3 hrs) according to near working amount. Their amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility and relative amplitude of accommodation were inspected, respectively. Results: The amplitude of accommodation was measured to be the lowest for the groupI that near working time was the most during daily work, and the amplitude of accommodation of oculus dexter, oculus sinister and oculus uterque were the highest at period 2 in case of all the group I~IV. In the accommodative facility, it appeared that the oculus dexter, oculus sinister and oculus uterque of group I, oculus dexter and oculus sinister of group II, and oculus dexter, oculus sinister and oculus uterque of group III were the highest at period 2. The oculus uterque of group II and oculus dexter, oculus sinister and oculus uterque of group IV were the highest accommodative facility at period 3. It appeared that the negative relative accommodation was the highest at period 1 in case of all the group I~IV, and the positive relative accommodation was the highest at period 2 in case of the group I~III and was the highest at period 3 in case of the group IV. Conclusions: Because the difference of near working time affects the accommodation, it would become a help in solving the asthenopia symptom of the incipient presbyopia that opticians consider their near working time during daily work and take a checkup on their accommodation.