• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

This study was to assess the effect of sowing mixed legume forage and applying cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole-crop barley (WCB) as a representative of winter crops and to estimate feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area by defining optimal application level of cattle manure for more fertile soil and manure recycling for the purpose of reduced environmental pollution and efficient production of organic forage contributable to production of organic animal products. Sowing mixed legume forage significantly (p<0.05) increased yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) for WCB compared to WCB alone sowing, but there was no difference between mixed sowing treatments. The yields of DM, CP and TDN were significantly (p<0.05) highest in 100~150 kg N/hg. The CP and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were highest in mixed sowing with hairy vetch, followed by sowing mixed forage pea and WCB alone (p<0.05). There were no differences in CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents among cattle manure application levels. As nitrogen application level increased, ADF content increased (p<0.05), but TDN content decreased (p<0.05). Feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) weighing 450 kg of body weight with 400 g of daily gain significantly (p<0.05) increased due to mixed sowing with legume forage, and with increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure, feeding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased. The results indicate that mixed-sowing of WCB and legume forage not only cut nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity, and feeding capacity. This would be contributable to diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality of forage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2002

A field trial was conducted from May to November 2000 at four regions of Jeju province(Jeju, Seogwipo, Susan Seongsan and Keumak Hallim) to estimate adaptation, dry matter yield and nutrient value of kenafs(Everglades 41 and China Choung-pi 3) and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(Pioneer 947). Total dry matter(DM) yields of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid Pioneer 947, kenaf Everglades 41 and kenaf China Chong-pi 3 were 7,313, 4,653 and 5,238 kg/ha(P<0.05), respectively, kenaf China Chong-pi 3 being the highest. The region specific dry matter(DM) yields of Jeju, Seogwipo, Seongsan and Hallim area were 5,040, 5,663, 7,283 and 4,950kg/ha, respectively, showing that Seogwipo was the highest. Average DM yields of two kenaf varieties were 4,946, and 3,246 kg/ha for 1st time-cutting and 2nd time-cutting, respectively. The average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf was significantly higher in the 1st time-cutting than the 2nd time. No significant difference in neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents was found among three varieties. The average crude protein(CP) content of kenaf was higher than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(P<0.05) and was higher in 2nd time-cutting than in 1st time-cutting(P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the heavy metal content of soil either between the sorghum hybrid and kenafs or between two kenaf varieties. In conclusion, the average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf was lower than that of sorghum hybrid, Contrarily the crude protein(CP) content of kenafs was higher than that of the sorghum hybrid. The average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf showed higher in 1st time-cutting than 2nd time-cutting, while the crude protein(CP) content of kenafs decreased with time.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.359-372
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• 2015

This study was to assess the effects of sowing mixed legume forage and applying fermented cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole crop wheat (WCW) as a representative of winter crops and also to estimate feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area by defining optimal application levels of cattle manure for more fertile soil and manure recycling for the purpose of reduced environmental pollution and efficient production of organic forage contributable to production of organic animal products. Sowing mixed legume forage significantly (p<0.05) increased yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) for WCW compared to WCW alone sowing, but there were no differences between mixed sowing treatments. The yields of DM, CP and TDN were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 100~150 kg N/ha. The CP and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were highest in mixed sowing with hairy vetch, followed by sowing mixed forage pea and WCW alone (p<0.05). There were no differences in CP among cattle manure application levels. As nitrogen application level increased, ADF content increased (p<0.05), but TDN content decreased (p<0.05). Feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) weighing 450 kg of body weight with 400 g of daily gain significantly (p<0.05) increased due to mixed sowing with legume forage, and with increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure, feeding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased. The results indicated that mixed-sowing of WCW and legume forage not only reduced nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity, and feeding capacity. This would be contributable to diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality of forage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2022

Triticale forage has the highest yield of all winter forage crops, including rye, and a cold tolerance within an average low temperature of -10℃ in January. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of sowing and harvesting times on the feed value and functional components of triticale to optimize the use and supply of triticale as livestock fee Room temperature' can vary widely with climate, season, and time of day. In order to clearly state the conditions of the study in a manner that facilitates replication by other researchers, please consider using an approximate temperature range instead. Seeds of the triticale 'Joseong' were sown during the fall of 2021 (October 20th) and spring of 2022 (March 7th). The triticale was harvested at the following growth stages: seedling stage, booting stage, heading stage, 10 days after heading, and 20 days after heading. The moisture content of each harvested triticale was adjusted to approximately 60%, and the triticale was fermented for silage for 40 days at ambient temperature under anaerobic conditions. We measured the pH and organic acid content of each silage to determine the feed value and functional component. The lactic acid content of the triticale silage harvested at the seedling stage sown in both fall and spring (1.61%, 1.63%) was the highest among all the silages. The octacosanol content in the silages of both fall-sown and spring-sown triticale harvested at the seedling stage (0.38, 0.27 mg/ml) was the highest. Overall, the results revealed that harvesting time had a greater impact on the feed value and functional components of triticale silage than sowing time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.545-549
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• 1985

The muscles of wild and cultured carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) were analyzed for the amino acid profiles, in vitro digestibility, predicted digestibility, C-PER and DC-PER. The distribution patterns of the total amino acid profiles in wild and cultured carp were found to be very similar, although there were relatively large differences in lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid contents which were higher in the cultured carp. Israeli carp was 2 times as much as wild carp in lysine. The quality of muscle proteins in wild and cultured carp, and Israeli carp was predicted by the in vitro method. The protein quality of Israeli carp was higher than that of wild and cultured carp, whereas there showed a similar tend to protein quality between wild and cultured carp. The contents of hitidine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, alanine and glutamic acid in diet showed stronger positive corelation with the levels of protein deposition than those of protein intake, and those amino acids would greatly influence on amino acid composition of muscle protein in fishes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.54.2-54
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• 2000

일반식용의 참쑥과 강화지역 특산물인 강화약쑥의 첨가급식이 체성장 및 성분에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 89g 내외의 흰쥐(Sprague Dawley) 24두를 3개 동물군(대조군, 참쑥군 및 약쑥군)으로 나누어 4주간 해당 실험식이(대조식이, 5%참쑥식이 및 5%약쑥식이)로 급식하였다. 쑥의 일반영양 성분 함량은 참쑥 중 조단백질과 조회분은 약쑥보다 약 2%이상 높았으나 반대로 조지방은 약 2%낮았다. 또한 약쑥 중 칼슘은 참쑥보다 5.3배 높았으나 반대로 참쑥 중 망간, 아연, 철, 마그네슘은 2.8∼2.3배, 비타민A는 2.9배가 높았다. 체중 증가율과 식이효율은 참쑥군 과 약쑥군이 모두 대조군과 비슷하였다. 혈청 중 총단백질, albumin, 요소질소, creatinine, 뇨산, 총cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, 당 함량과 amylase와 transaminase(GOT, GPT)의 활성이 참쑥군과 약쑥군 간에 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내지는 않았으나 LDH의 활성은 약쑥군이 대조군과 참쑥군에 비하여 감소(p<0.05)하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2005

흑염소 육의 조단백질 함량은 약 21,1%, 조지방 함량은 약 3.7%로 단백질 함량은 우육과 유사하였으나 지방함량이 다른 축종에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 지방산 중 포화지방산은 등심부위가 47.62% 볼기부위가 41.88%였으며 불포화지방산 중 oleic acid가 등심(46.59%) 및 볼기(50,29%)였다. 흑염소 육의 콜레스테롤 함량은 35.73${\sim}$37.48 mg/100g으로 우육 및 돈육과 비해 현저하게 낮게 나타났다. 흑염소 육의 아미노산은 glutamic acid가 가장 높게 나타났으며 필수아미노산 비율은 약 50.3%이었다. 미네랄 함량은 칼륨>인>나트륨>마그네슘>칼슘>아연 >철>구리>망간 순이었다. L-carnitine 함량은 20.8${\sim}$26.0mg/100g의 범위로 우육과 돈육보다 높게 나타났다. 결국, 흑염소육은 무기질 함량도 높으며 특이적인 생리활성 영양성분인 carnitine도 타육에 비해 높은 경향을 보여서 영양학적으로 저지방 고단백질의 육류로 판단되었다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of oversowing and other seeding methods (oversowing+ raking, oversowing+ raking+compaction, tillage+ broadcasting+ compaction and tillage + drilling+ compaction) on growth, dry matter and crude protein yield of alfalfa (Medicago satiua L.). The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. Soil pH and soil properties were improved by tillage.2. Establishment of alfalfa was increased with raking and compaction, and more by tillage than by oversowing(P

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of harvesting date on the forage yield and quality of different rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two harvesting dates 20th and 30th April. The subplots consisted of five rye cultivars from different maturity groups such as 'Kodiak (Late)'. 'Koolgrazer (Early)', 'Danko (Late)', 'Homil22 (Medium)' and 'Olhomil (Early)' Dry matter (DM) contents of 17.8% at early harvesting were lower 2.2% than at late harvesting. But crude protein (CP) of 18.9% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of 65.5% at early harvesting were higher 2.3% and 3.0% than those at late harvesting, respectively. There were significant differences in DM, CP and TDN contents among the rye cultivars tested (p<0.05). The contents of fiber components at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and hemicellulose contents at early harvesting was higher than that at late harvesting. The fiber component of early maturing cultivars such as 'Koolgrazer' and 'Olhomil' were higher than those of the others. Dry matter, CP, in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and TDN yields at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and the yield of early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the others. In this study, the results of this study indicate that forage production technology in combination with early maturing rye cultivar and late harvesting could enhance both production and quality of rye.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2002

To prepare the edible film based on fish protein, the optimal conditions for extracting soluble protein from Alaska pollack ( Theragra chalcogramma) and mackerel (Scomber japonious) muscle were defined. The effects of protein concentration, pH and temperature of protein solution on the physical properties of films were also investigated, Contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in Alaska pollack muscle were 79.6, 18.2, 0.6 and $1.2\%$, respectively. Contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in mackerel muscle were 69,1, 20.1, 9,5 and $1.3\%$, respectively. Both soluble protein contents extracted from Alaska pollack and mackerel were the highest at pH 12.0, and then un 2.0, 11.0. But they were extracted a little at neutral range. forward the recovery yield of protein by controlling isoelectric point was the highest at pH 4.8 ($79.8\%$) for Alaska pollack and at pH 5.0 ($64.1\%$) for mackerel, For the preparation of protein films from both Alaska pollack and mackerel, the most effective conditions of film forming solution were achieved, after supplied fish protein 4 g (glycerol 1,6 g) in 100 mL of distilled water, by adjusted to pH 10.0 and then heated at $90^{\circ}C$.