• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.206-217
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• 1982

This experiment was conducted to study about nutrient absorption of flag leaf and chaff of rice plant different transplanting date with elevations. Heading stage was delayed by destructive cold temperature or late transplanting. Plant analyses revealed that above poor plants also had higher total nitrogen content, but ower silicate in the flag leaf and sterile chaff. Total nitrogen and silica contents to accumulated in flag leaf between yield was significant high correlation. The chaff of late transplanting and sterility was high total nitrogen. Relationship between silicate absorption and total nitrogen of chaff was significant high correlation. Ripening temperature after heading stage was influenced total nitrogen of chaff. Phosphate, potassium, calssium and silicate contents of chaff increased hight ripening temperature but total nitrogen decreased. Therefore, inorganic element contents of chaff was closely connected with grain sterility.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2004

Purpose: Hypophosphatemic rickets is a hereditary disease, characterized by hypophosphatemia due to renal phosphate wasting, impaired renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$, rachitic bone deformities and impaired growth. The purpose of this study is to provide clinical profiles of patients with hypophosphatemic rickets in our hospital. Methods: Between July 1983 and February 2004, 56 patients were diagnosed as having hypophosphatemic rickets. The medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical manifestations, family histories, laboratory data, treatment outcomes were described. Results: Fifty six patients were enrolled in this study. The average age at symptom onset and diagnosis were 20 months and 5 years respectively. Fourteen patients had family histories. The main clinical manifestations were bow legs and short stature. There was a significant negative correlation between the ages and the height z-scores at the time of diagnosis(r=-0.47, P=0.005). Initial laboratory data showed normocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate and a normal range of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ Radiographic examinations of bone revealed fraying, widening and cupping of the metaphyseal ends. Treatment consisted of Joulie solution and vitamin D metabolites, and resulted in improved biochemical and radiographic findings. However, height z-scores remained essentially unchanged(P=0.224). Complications of treatment were frequently observed, including hyperparathyroidism, nephrocalcinosis, and hypercalciuria. Sixteen patients had corrective osteotomy and 4 of them underwent leg lengthening together. Conclusion: There was a gap of several years between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis. Early treatment seems to be essential to growth. For the earlier treatment, the offsprings of affected parents should be followed up closely.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2013

Soldier fly casts produced by eco-friendly treatment of food waste with American soldier fly was composting cast mixed food waste compost and soldier fly pupa. This study was conducted to evaluate a possibility of soldier fly casts (SFC) as soil amendment by investigating soil properties and zoysiagrass growth. Amendments were selected coco peat, compost and SFC and their ratio mixed with sand were non-amendment (NA), 7% coco peat(Coco), 7% compost (Comp), 3.5% SFC (1/2SFC) and 7% SFC. In soil properties, SFC was increased CEC than NA and T-N, Av-$P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K in soil than Coco. Compared with Coco and Comp, turf quality such as turf color index and chlorophyll index in SFC was higher and root length of zoysiagrass longer. Growth of shoot, runner and root in SFC was increase than that of Coco and Comp. These results indicated that 7% SFC applied as soil amendment was improved growth and quality of zoysiagrass by prompting soil productivity and nutrient availability in soil and root growth.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2013

Coal ash can be added to agricultural soils to increase the chemical properties of soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of - B, Ca, Mo etc-. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fly ash as a soil amendment in paddy soils. Selected fly ash was mixed with bentonite and calcium hydroxide at the ratio of 80:15:5 (w/w) and manufactured as a pellet type at the size of 10 mm. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fly ash fertilizer on the soil quality and crop growth compare to the control (no fertilizer) and, - traditional fertilizer. Results showed that soil pH and organic matter in paddy soils after applying the manufactured fly ash fertilizer were not increased compared to the other two treatments. However, the concentration of available phosphate and silicate in paddy soils were higher than those of the control and traditional fertilization. With regard to crop growth, no significant difference was observed between three different treatments. However, the content of protein in the rice grain cultivated with the fly ash fertilizer was higher than in the rice cultivated by other two treatments. Overall, fly ash fertilizer could increase the concentration of available silicate and phosphate in the paddy soil and improve the rice quality. In conclusion, fly ash can be utilized in agricultural soils as soil amendment, especially in the rice paddy soil.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1397-1405
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• 2018

Mitochondria have multiple functions in cells: providing chemical energy, storing cellular $Ca^{2+}$, generating reactive oxygen species, and regulating apoptosis. Through these functions, mitochondria are also involved in the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. In the brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the neurogenic regions that contains neural stem cells (NSCs) throughout a lifetime. However, reports on the role of mitochondria in SVZ NSCs are scarce. Here, we show that rotenone, a complex I inhibitor of mitochondria, inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of SVZ NSCs in different ways. In proliferating NSCs, rotenone decreases mitosis as measured through phosphorylated histone H3 detection; moreover, apoptosis is not induced by rotenone at 50 nM. In differentiating NSCs, rotenone blocks neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis while glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes are not affected. Interestingly, in this study there were more cells in the differentiating NSCs treated with rotenone for 4-6 days than in the vehicle control group which was a different effect from the reduced number of cells in the proliferating NSCs. We examined both apoptosis and mitosis and found that rotenone decreased apoptosis as detected by staining cleaved caspase-3 but did not affect mitosis. Our results suggest that functional mitochondria are necessary in both the proliferation and differentiation of SVZ NSCs. Furthermore, mitochondria might be involved in the mitosis and apoptosis that occur during those processes.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2020

참취(Aster scaber)는 국화과에 속하는 여러해살이식물로 취나물로 분류되어 전국에서 재배되고 있으며 최근 성인병 예방 효과와 무공해 건강식품으로 연중 소비가 증대되고 있으며, 주로 시설재배 작형으로 많이 재배하고 있다. 참취 시설재배지는 양분의 과다투입에 의한 염류집적과 잦은 관수로 물리성이 악화 되어 참취의 생육이 저하되어 수량이 감소하여 통상 3년 마다 종묘 갱신이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 토양개량제 처리에 따른 토양 물리화학성과 참취의 생육에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 참취 시설재배 농가에 활용할 수 있는 방안을 개발하고자 시험을 수행하였다. 2018년 4월부터 2020년 11월까지 전라북도 농업기술원 허브산채시험장에서 참취 시설재배를 대상으로 무처리, 볏짚, 왕겨숯, 야자섬유 등을 10a당 1,000kg 처리하여 시기별 토양 이화학성, 생육특성을 조사하였다. 자재 처리 후 토양물리성의 변화는 볏짚 시용에서 가장 낮은 용적밀도 1.35g/cm³와 가장 높은 공극률 49.04%을 보였다. 토양 삼상 중 고상은 왕겨숯에서 52.82%로, 액상은 왕겨숯에서 30.28%로, 기상은 볏짚에서 22.45%로 가장 높았다. 토양 화학적 특성을 조사한 결과 모든 처리구에서 토양유기물 함량은 증가하였고, 유효인산은 함량은 440~487mg/kg로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 칼륨은 0.77~0.88cmol_c/kg로 낮아졌고, 칼슘과 11.56~14.09cmol_c/kg, 마그네슘은 2.93~3.22cmol_c/kg로 증가하였다. 생육특성은 볏짚 처리구에서 초장 26.4cm, 엽장 8.7cm, 엽폭 6.7cm, 줄기수 7.2주로 다른 처리구에 비해 좋은 생육이 좋았으며, 수량 또한 볏짚 처리구에서 1,554.3kg/10a로 가장 높았다. 지하부 생육특성은 볏짚 처리구에서 근중 83.7g/주, 근장 28.2cm, 근직경mm로 다른 처리구에 비해 생육이 양호하였다. 참취 다년재배지 정신 전 볏짚을 시용함으로써 토양의 유기물함량 증가와 용적밀도 감소, 공극율 증가 등 토양의 물리화학성을 개선하여 참취 수량성 증대효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2010

Ettringite $(Ca_6[Al(OH)_6]_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}26H_2O)$ is a sulfate mineral that shows a complicate property in concrete. It is often called as "a cancer of concrete" because secondary ettringite formation in hardened concrete often cause expansion and cracking of concrete due to its expansive crystal structure. In the present study, we tested the possibility for crystal growth inhibition of secondary ettringite by crystallization inhibitors that are commercially used for scaling inhibitors in Korea. For the test, we developed a method of ettringite solution synthesis. Three types of crystallization inhibitors were selected and examined the effects On ettringite growth inhibition. The experimental results of ettringite solution synthesis indicated that ettringite was successfully synthesized under condition that the mass balance between calcium hydroxide saturated solution and aluminum sulfate solution was attained. Monosulfate and semisulfate were synthesized when the ratio of $Ca^{2+}$ ions to ${SO_4}^{2+}$ ions was increased. The induction time of ettringite crystallization was less than 2 min. and crystallization was almost completed within an hour. The experimental results of ettringite crystallization inhibition showed that organic PBCT (2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid) and inorganic SHMP (Sodium Hexametaphosphate) were relatively less effective on ettringite crystallization inhibition under experimental conditions. However, organic HEDP (1-Hydoxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid) effectively prevented ettringite growth with producing amorphous gel phase materials up to inhibitor concentration 0.1 vol.% of aluminum sulfate solution.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.527-533
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• 2005

Purpose : Long-term administration of anticonvulsants in children with epilepsy may cause short stature, hypocalcemia and low bone mineral density. This study was performed for the early detection of abnormal bone metabolism in children with epilepsy on taking anticonvulsants. Methods : Thirty children aged 5 to 16 years who were diagnosed with epilepsy were enrolled in this study. All had taken anticonvulsants for more than one year. Bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol[$25(OH)D_3$], parathyroid hormone, and urine deoxypyridinoline were measured as biochemical bone markers. Bone age and body mass index were also calculated. Results : Bone minreal density, body mass index, bone age, and height were significantly decreased in two female patients who had taken two antiepileptic drugs for more than four years and they also had chronic diseases such as cerebral palsy with microcephaly, encephalomalacia, and microcephaly with atrial septal defect. Bone mineral density had significant positive correlations with body mass index(P<0.01) and bone age(P<0.01). Conclusion : This study showed chronic medication of anticonvulsants in children may cause low bone mineral density and short stature. Bone age and body mass index could be the important surrogate markers to find the population at risk. More studies, including a large study population and long term cohort study, will be required.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2001

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of root zone temperature during the night on absorption of mineral nutrients, growth, and fruit yield of the truss-limited hydroponic tomatoes in winter. The root zone temperature was either controlled to 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$, or left uncontrolled at ambient temperatures. Temperature of the covered beds rose as root zone temperature was raised, but it in all treatments was less than 3$^{\circ}C$ higher than that in the control. Raising root zone temperature, except $25^{\circ}C$, showed positive effect on plant height, leaf length, stem diameter, and plant fresh and dry weight, but not on T/R ratio which was the greatest in the control. Root activity in all treatments except $25^{\circ}C$ increased as compared to the control. Mean fruit weight, fruit count per plant, and fruit yield were the greatest in 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment. Root zone temperature did not significantly affect the contents of total nitrate and magnesium in leaves, stems and roots. Concentrations of phosphate and calcium increased in leaves and stems, but decreased in roots as root zone temperature increased. Overall, 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment gave the greatest growth and energy efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 1998

This study was focused on finding out the potential problems associated with organic farming system. The effect of composted animal manures subsequent inoculation of microbes on growth and yield of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Minicarol') were examined to develop a proper organic farming practice. Plant heights were greater in composted manure treatment than in conventional practice, whereas widths of leaves were higher in conventional field. Chlorophyll contents between various amount of composted manure application were gradually decreased and showed no significant differences after 45 days of planting. The yield in the treatment applied 12 ton of composted animal manure per 10a as pre-planting fertilizer and following microbial inoculation were only 50-60% compared to that of conventional farming. However, yield increased up to 80% when additional composts were applied to the treatment received 6 ton of composted animal manure per 10a in the middle of cultivation. Microbial inoculation followed by composted manure application induced rapid decrease of nitrogen content in soil. However, the density of microorganisms was significantly increased. Tomatoes produced through organic farming were clear in color, Further, soluble solid and acid content were increased. The highest level of acid and solids were observed in the treatment applied 12 ton of digested swine manure per 10a. Although nitrogen content including ammonium and nitrate rapidly increased after application of composts, these were significantly reduced approximately 4-5 weeks after planting. The level of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium showed gradual decrease compared to nitrogen.