• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to improve awareness of network marketing business in South Korea, which takes a quite negative view of network marketing, to raise awareness of "starting up a business" as independent business owners, to assist them in building their own subjecthood in network business and entrepreneurial identity, and ultimately to give some suggestions on how to improve their self-directed entrepreneurial competency and the quality of their business management. To make an empirical analysis of 121 independent business owners of Korean native network marketing, the personal and background variables of the entrepreneurs were selected as independent variables, and entrepreneurship was selected as a mediator variable. The selected dependent variables were financial and non-financial business performances. A multiple regression analysis was conducted by inputting the variables. The findings of the study were as follows: It produced an effect of more financial performance when the innovation of the independent business owners of network marketing was better, and this innovation was possible to have only when they improved in entrepreneurial efficacy and locus of control. In contrast, only authenticity had an effect on boosting non-financial business performance among the factors of entrepreneurship. To have authenticity, it's necessary to strengthen achievement needs and awareness of locus of control among the personal characteristics of the independent business owners of network marketing. Among the factors of entrepreneurship, there was better authenticity when their personal networks were broader among their background characteristics. In addition, self-efficacy that was one of personal characteristics made a direct contribution to the enhancement of non-financial performance. As a result, independent business owners of network marketing are required to hold a strong belief in their own business, to be active in business activities and to have a high efficacy as spontaneous principal agents, and they also are required to have more adventurous, planned, active and propulsive achievement needs that enable them to attain the goals of their business and keep moving forward. Besides, they should foster their locus-of-control competency that is to control, endure and be responsible for a variety of phenomena or incidents that they face, and there will be better financial performance or non-financial performance only when they demonstrate their self-belief and confidence and when they have faith in and conviction about themselves. For independent business owners of network marketing, a consumer-centered thinking that entails authenticity and trustworthiness and touches the hearts of customers is a more effective marketing strategy than an egocentric thinking as sellers when they approach customers. And they are expected to make progress in terms of the quality of business management when their business attachment or enthusiasm is great enough to match their own efficacy with entrepreneurial identity or strike a balance between them.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-54
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine how Korean music therapy students experience growth under clinical supervision. The investigator conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 9 students from 3 different universities in Seoul who had at least three semesters of clinical supervision. Data was analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach to construct the growth experience of music therapy supervisees. Results suggest that growth can be understood in terms of both personal and professional domains and includes four types of experiences: growth hindering, fostering, mediating, and revealing. In the personal domain, hindering factors are defensiveness, narcissistic trauma, avoidance and anxiety whereas growth fostering and mediating factors include reflection on self, musical self, unconscious drives and conflicting issues as well as self-driven problem solving skills. As a result, growth in the personal domain is associated with increased self-acceptance and self-awareness. Growth in the professional domain is hindered by having trust issues, performance anxiety, identity crisis, and being hypersensitive to the judgment of others. On the other hand, growth is fostered and mediated by opening the self and interacting more with others, building trusting relationships with peers and supervisors, and establishing a new relationship with music, which leads to improved attitude, increased motivation, and more efficient and effective training.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.425-432
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze mission statements of social welfare centers. For this, we collected mission statements of 385 social welfare centers nationwide. We analyzed data using the NVivo 10 program. Analysis results found the total number of collected words was 1,401. The number of words corresponding to the target of organizations was 448 (32.0%), the number of words corresponding to problems was 51 (3.6%), the number of words corresponding to the directionality 118 (8.4%), the number of words corresponding to strategy was 545 (38.9%), and the number of words corresponding to organization's image was 239 (17.1%). Second, the words of the intervention target were resident of community, local community and community. Intervention issues included community problems, poverty, and social isolation. The words of the organizational directivity included welfare community/village, social welfare, and empowerment. Words related to organizational strategy were formation/building, sharing/serving, and improvement/development/improvement. Words related to the organizational image included in the mission statements were the welfare center, we, the professional agency, and the neighbors. By analyzing the mission statements, we found that social welfare centers portrayed its identity based on 'locality'. The distribution of the words related to the community was high in both the target, target, and direction. The limitations of this study include the exclusion of analyzing the relationship between organizational mission and organizational performance. This should be considered in future studies.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.44
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• pp.144-179
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• 2008

This paper explores the formation of global responsibility discourses in the elite US media used in promoting NATO's military interventions in the post-Cold War era. The case study of global responsibility discourses surrounding the Bosnian War (1992-1995) and the Kosovo Conflict (1998-1999) offers an account of the roles of the elite US media in foreign policy. The construction and articulation of global responsibility discourses in the elite US media were closely related to the US government's policy and were formed within the framework of US national interest and domestic responsibility. The cases of military intervention in the post-Cold War period imply that there were more fundamental structure and patterns by which the elite US media approached the 'humanitarian crises': 'benevolent domination' and the subsequent construction of a 'melodramatic national identity' in the war narratives. Presuming that the elite US media's discourse is a primary site for the public for experiencing and understanding distant suffering, this paper concludes that global responsibility discourses within the media may have dangerous ramifications for global democracy because the discourse of responsibility can potentially absorb the creative, progressive energies created by the public's awareness of responsibility on a global scale in order to reinforce the relations of domination.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.427-433
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• 2021

With the support of the government and public institutions, local government characters achieved a lot of quantitative growth. However, there are very few successful cases such as strengthening local identity and revitalizing the local economy using characters. This paper presents a transmedia storytelling strategy as a way to solve the problem of local government characters. To do so, I identify the problems of the current local government characters, and analyze the preceding studies on the features and components of transmedia contents, and the principles of transmedia storytelling, to develop strategies and yielded the expected effect. The transmedia strategy of local government characters consists of a total of three stages. In the first step, the local identity is established through the development of a unique story to the region. The second step, improve attractivity by renewing character design for various individual media platforms. And lastly the third step, enhance usability by expanding interactivity based on communication and participation of development actors and the public. This paper is meaningful in that it derives a transmedia storytelling strategy from the perspective of brand marketing as a way to revitalize local government characters. Based on the conclusions drawn from this study, a follow-up study is needed to apply it to specific cases of local government characters.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.51
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• pp.193-212
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• 2018

This paper attempts to explore how Ang Lee depicts Asian and Western women in his films. We focus on two parts of his consciousness First, Ang Lee does not consider himself a feminist, he understands the world in terms of women who play societal roles. Second, Ang Lee's films reflect his identity in a juxtaposition model, in which he is a member of mainstream American society and also holds an onlooker's viewpoint at the same time. He depicts women, who are often marginalized or considered the minority, and their feminist ideals, as means that break down the authority of the father and the man, the traditional ideology, and the male dominant nationalism. Chinese women in movies divide apart traditional Chinese patriarchal ideology and male-dominated anti-Japanese sentiments. Also, the Western women in his films reveal the non-stereotypical appearance of Western society in the 1970s and 1980s, with daily tension, anxiety, abdominal pain and anger, silence and anxiety about homosexual husbands, and excessive obsession. The director's portrayal of women not only separates the male-centered and Western-centered discourse, but also reveals a self-division of internalized masculine patriarchal Asian thought consciousness.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

This research examines mutual culture education in accordance with Germany's immigrant social integration policy by analyzing the National European School in Berlin. In this regard, the curricula of Joan-Miró elementary school and Finow elementary school are analyzed. Germany maintains a multicultural policy which enables immigrants to maintain their native language and identity and simultaneously integrate them into the German society. In short, maintenance of immigrants' mother tongue and immigrant students' acquisition of the German language is the core of Germany's social integration policy. The National European School in Berlin is a public school established for the sake of an educational environment in which students can not only build up language capacity, but also create a culturally mutual environment for multicultural students. The school's educational objective is mutual culture education which can integrate and maintain the cultural identity and language of multicultural students. Joan-Miró elementary school encourages mutual cultural ability and bilingual ability while preparing students for the future intelligent society, leading their independent life and self-initiated learning. Finow elementary school encourages mutual culture ability, language capacity and directional capability apart from the basic capacities that can reinforce students to become citizens in demand of the future intellectual society. Korean foreign language education needs to be practically diversified as in the case of the Germany's National European school. Also, improvement of educational environment such as students' bilingual ability, students' ability development regarding their individual characteristics, and the capability of mutual culture understanding are issues that should be urgently treated.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.341-366
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• 2022

In Korean society, church once witnessed the period of its being considered light and salt. After the liberation, Korean church bestowed Jesus Christ's love to underprivileged neighbors in the industrialization process and organized practical participation activities for human rights and democratization. Nonetheless, church was sunken into quantitative growth without having qualitative growth. As church was cited as the epicenter of the spreading COVID-19, the image of selfish church has started receiving attention and there has appeared a criticism for immoral church tendency, which brought low trust about church. These things are resulted from church's failure to undertake its role with responsibility, in society. Such as this, church has lost its identity as the model of the Kingdom of God. In such a situation, church needs to remind itself of the enlightenment of the Ecumenical Movement, in order to recover trust and perform its mission. The Ecumenical Movement means accomplishing unification of the universe through a renewed church. This movement is aimed to create the earth as 'where humans can stay' and to consider the sustainability of mankinds. This purpose of this study is to examine political activities conducted for responsible participation in the church world and to find the way for church roles in this world. This researcher will attempt to investigate educational methods to help Christians in this world take full responsibility given to them, through an educational discussion about Christianity made in this context. This educational attempt means, in other words, political affairs also.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.123-150
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• 2023

This study aimed to propose the core values of librarians by investigating the core values of domestic and foreign libraries, including ALA's core values, and analyzing related research by domestic and foreign researchers. The research process included literature analysis, case studies, and surveys. The results showed that although the recognition of the need for setting core values for librarians was high (4.48), the awareness and understanding of core values were low. The reasons for recognizing the need for setting core values included improving the recognition and value of librarians, enhancing their professionalism, and establishing the value of libraries. The study proposed approximately 20 core values for librarians, with only two items scoring below 4 points, and 18 items showing high agreement with scores of 4 points or above. Particularly, professionalism, accessibility, diversity, service, literacy, and public interest all scored above 4.4. Analysis of perception differences between different types of libraries revealed significant differences for almost all items, with school libraries showing the most significant differences. The study recommends conducting in-depth research at the national level to reduce the number of core values to within 10 and share them with the nation.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.235-260
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• 2012

This study was aimed at looking into and understanding child-rearing experience of mothers from multicultural families based on the grounded theory, one of the qualitative research methods. For this, twelve mothers from multicultural families were selected and data were collected through in-depth interviews with them and then analyzed through the open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The analysis suggested that main phenomena mothers from multicultural families experienced are the conflict of child-rearing and educational crisis, and the confused identity of parenting. These main phenomena had much to do with contextual factors such as economic hardship, lower level of the Korean language, cultural differences, prejudices and ignorance. The severeness of conflict and crisis of child-rearing and the intensity of identity confusion for parenting depended on arbitral conditions such as family bonds, positive expectation for the future of their children, and the help of supportive systems. Mothers were dealing with difficulties of child-rearing through action and interaction of resignation and denial, introspection and the intention to overcome difficulties, and the capacity building. As a result, mothers from multicultural families acknowledged that there is a limit to their position and roles they can play and tried to change in order to resolve problems related to their children, positioning themselves for more active lives in Korean society. Through discussion based on the findings of the study, this study can help better understand child-rearing experience of mothers from multicultural families and suggest several directions for future researches on multicultural families.