• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.100-112
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• 1999

Objective：In life-long disabilities like autism and mental retardation, the authors thought that it is important for clinician to consider the quality of life of a primary caregiver for long-term management and prognosis. This study was to investigate the factors of children and family environment affecting the quality of life and depression in mothers with autistic and/or mentally retarded children. Methods：41 autistic and/or mentally retarded children aged 5-12 years with their mothers were surveyed from September, 1998 to January, 1999, with K-CBCL, K-BDI, K-FES, and K-SBQOL scale and compared with data from 35 normal control subjects. Results：1) Total K-BDI and K-SBQOL scores of mothers with mentally handicapped children were significantly poorer than the scores of normal control group. Independence, intellectual/cultural orientation and active recreation subscales of K-FES in mentally handicapped children were significantly decreased than those in normal control group. 2) Total K-BDI score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children’s behavioral problems, especially internalizing and thought symptoms, and with family cohesion, expressiveness, conflict and independence. 3) Totol K-SB quality of life score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children’s behavioral problems, especially attention problem, and with family cohesion, conflict, independence, intellectual/cultural orientation, and moral-religional emphasis. 4) The quality of life of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by attention problem($R^2$=.36, p=.000) and social competence($R^2$=.07, p=.038) in children and family cohesion ($R^2$=.16, p=.001). 5) Depression of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by internalizing symptom ($R^2$=.21, p=.003) and thought disorder($R^2$=.06, p=.048) in children and family cohesion($R^2$=.14, p=.008). Conclusion：Reducing behavioral problems and family therapeutic intervention in autistic and mentally retarded children can improve the quality of life of primary caregivers and long-term prognosis of the children, although those are not curative.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.161-166
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• 2003

우리나라 영재교육에 대한 연구들은 대부분 영재아의 개념정의와 판별도구 개발, 영재발굴, 선발 및 그들의 교육에 편중되어 있는 반면 영재아들의 적응, 자기지각, 또래관계등 사회정서발달에 관련된 연구는 거의 이루어지지 못하고 있다 이에 본 연구는 과학영재아동의 개인 및 일상생활에서의 적응수준 및 성별에 따른 적응, 자기지각 및 사회적지지의 차이를 파악하며, 그들의 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 자기지각 및 사회적 지지 수준을 살펴보고 영재아의 사회적 성취나 적응에 도움을 줄 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구의 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학영재아동과 일반아동의 적응(개인적응, 사회적응, 부적응), 자기지각 및 사회적 지지는 차이가 있는가\ulcorner, 둘째, 과학영재아동의 적응, 자기지각 및 사회적 지지는 성별에 따라 차이가 있는가\ulcorner, 셋째, 과학영재아동의 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 자기지각, 사회적 지지 수준은 어떠한가\ulcorner 본 연구의 대상은 전라북도에 위치한 중학교 1학년 100명의 아동이며, 이들은 교사추천 및 전북대학교 과학영재연구소의 과학과 수학시험을 통해 선발된 과학 영재아동이다. 설문결과 불성실한 응답자를 제외한 총 39명(남아 59명, 여아 30명)이 최종 연구대상이 되었다. 본 연구의 측정도구로 아동의 적응능력검사도구는 한국교육평가센터(KETC)에서 1998년 개발하여 표준화과정을 마친 종합적응능력검사를 사용하였으며, 개인적응영역(자아개념 12문항, 성취동기 10문항, 자기기획 15문항), 사회적응영역(사교성 15문항, 애착 9문항, 사회적 긍정성 10문항), 부적응영역(스트레스 20문항, 욕구좌절 10문항, 편견 12문항) 총 113문항으로 구성되어 있다. 아동의 자기지각검사도구는 Harter(1985)의 Self-Perception Profile이며, 학업역량, 사회적역량, 운동역량, 신체외모역량, 행동품행역량, 자기가치감 각각 6문항씩 총36문항으로 구성되어 있다. 아동의 사회적 지지검사도구는 한미현(1996)이 제작한 척도를 사용하였으며 부모지지, 교사지지, 학교친구지지, 친한 친구지지 각각 6문항씩 총 24문항으로 구성되어 있다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.79-96
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between preschooler's temperament, externalizing behavior problems and mother's parenting competency. The 5th Panel Study of Korean Children by Korea Institute of Child Care and Education were analyzed in this study by using the structural model. The major findings are as follows, First, preschoolers' emotionality temperament were found to have a negative effect on mothers' parenting competency. Preschoolers' activity and sociability temperament had a positive influence on mothers' parenting competency. Second, preschoolers's emotionality temperament also had a direct impact on their externalizing problems behavior, otherwise preschoolers's activity and sociability temperament were unrelated to that. Third, mothers' parenting competency had a negative influence on preschoolers' externalizing problems behavior. Finally, mothers' parenting competency had mediating effects between preschoolers' temperament and their externalizing problems behavior. These findings suggest that parental education should be concerned about parenting competency based on the understanding of preschooler's temperament.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.207-238
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the integrated support program for children with ADHD tendencies and their social support system. The program, including individual art therapy, group life skills programs, culture experiences, individual counseling programs and regular network meetings between parents and teachers were carried out to children with ADHD tendencies in order to build environmental support systems. As results, the psychological and emotional behaviors of children with ADHD tendencies have changed. This study, also, was able to verify the possibility of positive changes for the children with ADHD. Based on these results, the practical guidelines for building the support systems of children with ADHD tendencies were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.291-316
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of child abuse counselling cases on the internet in oder to get useful knowledges to understand child abuse and to search an effective system on the internet for child abuse prevention and treatment. The methodology of this study is based on the quantitative contents analysis, which is useful in transforming qualitative raw data into analyzable quantitative data. Fifty five cases were systematically selected from the internet site of child abuse counselling(www.childabuse.or.kr) and were analyzed by the method of contents analysis. As a result of this study, it was found that there were specific tendencies in the child abuse counselling cases on the internet. Three major issues were reported here. As the first result, the category of clients, the path to find the abusive situation, and the motive and purpose to ask the counselling were presented. Secondly, abusive situations and abusive patterns were analyzed. For the last, the characteristics of sex, age, family pattern and family problem, the emotional characteristics, and the psychological and behavioral characteristics of the abused children and the adult survivors of child abuse were reported. Several suggestions were proposed for the improvement of practice and further research of child abuse prevention and treatment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.183-199
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• 2007

This longitudinal study investigated developmental changes in temperament and examined social adjustment problems by early temperamental characteristics and developmental patterns of temperamental change during infancy. Subjects were 153 six-month-old infants and their mothers. Infant temperament and toddler's problem behavior were measured by the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (Garstein & Rothbart, 2003) and the Toddler Behavior Checklist (Larzelere et al., 1989), respectively. Results showed that distress to limitations, high pleasure, perceptual sensitivity, and approach increased with age, while activity level, cuddliness, and vocal reactivity decreased. Infants with high scores in activity level, fear, sadness, and approach at 6 months showed more problem behaviors at 18 months. Infants showing abrupt developmental change of high pleasure and perceptual sensitivity developed more negative behavior.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.71-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between decision making abilities young children and their self-directed learning abilities. A survey was carried out using 160 young children in the J region. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression techniques using the SPSS statistics program. The conclusions are as follows : First, decision making abilities in young children exhibited a positive correlation with their self-directed learning abilities. Second, decision making abilities in young children were an influential variable in terms of their self-directed learning abilities. As a result, decision making abilities in young children were an important variable in predicting their self-directed learning abilities.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.55-69
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to describe preschoolers' perceptions of fear from their own perspective. Qualitative data from 213 preschoolers 4 to 6 years of age were obtained by semi-structured interviews. The fear inventory was analyzed by content analysis and frequency. The most common fears of preschoolers in this study were fear of ferocious animals and imaginary figures, such as tigers, lions, snakes, spirits and ghosts. Fear of ghosts was the primary fear of both boys and girls. Results showed that most fears were caused by disgust-related visual images. Worry about injury and pain was another common pathway to fear. At-risk preschoolers scored significantly higher than normal preschoolers on fears of criticism and getting an injection.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 1997

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether preschoolers' attachment relationships with their parents and socioemotional behaviors are related to their day care experiences in infancy and at the present time. The participants consisted of 59 preschoolers and their mothers from 2-parent, white, middle-class dual earner families in Madison, Wisconsin. Preschoolers' attachment quality was measured by two representational instruments: the Separation Anxiety Test and "My Family and Friends". Mothers completed questionnaires about their family background and their children's day care history. The quality of current day care was obtained from directors' reports about regulatable features of the day care centers. Teachers completed the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the quality of preschoolers' attachment relationships with parents were significantly related to the amount of day care during infancy, the quality of current care, and children's gender. In addition, the amount of infant day care appeared to have negative relations with children's socioemotional behavior problems as evaluated by teachers.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the cognitive performance, emotional and behavioral problems among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) groups that show the difference between visual and auditory attention. Method : Using 'ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS)', visual attention and auditory attention of 98 children diagnosed as ADHD were measured. According to the omission and commission error of ADS, they were divided into three groups ; 1) the group whose each visual omission and commission error scores were higher than each auditory omission and commission error scores(VV group), 2) the group whose each auditory omission and commission error scores were higher than each visual omission and commission error scores(AA group), 3) the group that was the rest of VV and AA group(M group). And the results of both the subscales of Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC) and the subscales of Korean Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) among three groups were compared. Finally, the correlation between the visual omission, visual commission, auditory omission, auditory commission error and the results of KEDI-WISC, K-CBCL were investigated. Results : The results were as follows ; 1) In 98 ADHD children, the number of VV group(N=56) was higher than that of AA (N=10) and M group (N=32). 2) All mean scores of the subscales of KEDI-WISC of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group. The score of verbal IQ(p=.039) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group and the scores of block design(p=.015), Kaufman's factor 2(p=.045), performance IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than those of M group. The score of full IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than that of M and AA group. 3) The mean scores of all K-CBCL subscales of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group, except the score of Somatic complaint subscale. The score of Social subscale(p=.041) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group. The score of Withdrawn subscale(p=.021) of AA group was significantly higher than that of VV group. 4) There were no significant correlation between the scores of visual omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. But, there were many significant correlations between the scores of auditory omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. 5) There were significant correlation between the score of the visual omission error and that of Thought problem subscale(r=.205, p=.043) of K-CBCL. There were significant correlation between the scores of the auditory omission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.319, p=.001), Social problems subscale(r=.206, p=.042), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.021). Finally, there were significant correlation between the scores of auditory commission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.241, p=.017), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.020). Conclusion : The ADHD children whose auditory attention ability were higher than visual attention ability had relatively better cognitive performance and less emotional/behavioral problems than the others. The more comprehensive experiment will be needed about the cognitive performance, emotion and behavior problems of the ADHD children showing the difference between visual and auditory attention.