• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

The structure of glycan residues attached to glycoproteins can influence the biological activity, stability, and safety of pharmaceutical proteins delivered from transgenic pig milk. The production of therapeutic glycoprotein in transgenic livestock animals is limited, as the glycosylation of mammary gland cells and the production of glycoproteins with the desired homogeneous glycoform remain a challenge. The ${\beta}$-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminylatransferase1 (B3GNT1) gene is an important enzyme that attaches N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to galactose (Gal) residues for protein glycosylation; however, there is limited information about pig glycosyltransferases. Therefore, we cloned the pig B3GNT1 (pB3GNT1) and investigated its functional properties that could attach N-acetylglucosamine to galactose residue. Using several different primers, a partial pB3GNT1 mRNA sequence containing the full open reading frame (ORF) was isolated from liver tissue. The ORF of pB3GNT1 contained 1,248 nucleotides and encoded 415 amino acid residues. Organ-dependent expression of the pB3GNT1 gene was confirmed in various organs from adult and juvenile pigs. The pB3GNT1 mRNA expression level was high in the muscles of the heart and small intestine but was lower in the lungs. For functional characterization of pB3GNT1, we established a stable expression of the pB3GNT1 gene in the porcine kidney cell line (PK-15). As a result, it was suggested that the glycosylation pattern of pB3GNT1 expression in PK-15 cells did not affect the total sialic acid level but increased the poly N-acetyllactosamine level. The results of this study can be used to produce glycoproteins with improved properties and therapeutic potential for the generation of desired glycosylation using transgenic pigs as bioreactors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

This study was performed to identify the antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts of the three following herbs: G. procumbens, M. charantia, and C. longa. In addition, the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of five types of Jerusalem artichoke composites (JA1 - 5), which were prepared by adding ethanol extracts of several herbs to Jerusalem artichoke concentrate, were studied and compared. The results showed that the total phenol and flavonoid contents of the ethanol extracts were higher than those of the water extracts. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power depended on the total phenol and flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts from G. procumbens and C. longa were comparable. Moreover, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the ethanol extracts ($2,000{\mu}g/ml$) from each herb was found to be over 50%. In contrast, the five types of JA composites showed higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than those of JA concentrate. In addition, increased antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were observed, with that of JA1 being the highest. However, all concentrations ($1{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml$) of JA tested did not affect the cell viability of Chang cells. In addition, JA induced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Chang cells and significantly increased the glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. Therefore, it could be concluded that the JA composites (JA1 - 5) mixed with G. procumbens, M. charantia, and C. longa extracts were effective in increasing the extracts' antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive survey of children's play in parents of disabled and non-disabled children prior to commencing school. This study aimed to further understanding play recognition and to present a specific direction of play necessary to each parent. Methods : A questionnaire based on prior studies was sent to 700 people who had previously agreed to the take part. A total of 596 questionnaires were analyzed. Uncollected and insincere surveys, of which 106 were questionnaires for parents of disabled children, were exclused from analysis. The SPSS Window 23 program was used for data analysis and frequency analysis and the independent sample T test were performed. Results : Disabled children's parents perceived playing with their children as more important than that of non-disabled children's parents(p<0.01). There was no statistical difference between disabled children and non-disabled children's parents, but there were some differences(p=0,053). Both disabled and non-disabled children had more time to participate with their mothers than with their fathers. Mothers with disabilities had more time to play however, fathers with no disabilities had more time. Both disabled and non-disabled children's parents had the most "ordinary" frequency of buying toys and there was very littele difference between the 2 groups. Both disabled and non-disabled children's parents primarily used the internet to acquire play information, and consideration when buying fun was followed by interest inducement, development level and safety. Conclusion : Through this study, it was possible to compare the status of play recognition and participation by parents of children with or without disabilities. Based on this study, parents will be able to find out what they really need to play and will be provided as a basis for future play studies for children.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for healthy and effective dental management by providing the knowledge and information on periodontal health promotion as well as high dental health interests, by doing a comparative analysis of the effect of dental health knowledge and oral hygiene management skills of people in their 20s on periodontal health status assessment, to find periodontal disease early and prevent it targeting 130 adults in their 20s who visited dental hygienic lab for comprehensive dental hygiene care and treatment from September 25 to October 30. The data collected used SPSS 18.0. To present the technical characteristics of the data, frequency was used and chi-squared test through cross-analysis was conducted to investigate dental health knowledge and the relevance between the variables of oral hygiene management skills of general characteristics. To examine periodontal health status assessment, t-test and One-way ANOVA and Turkey post-hoc tests were carried out at the 5% significance level. Regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of dental health knowledge and oral hygiene management skills on dental health status assessment. As a result of this study, as dental health knowledge on tooth brushing of people in their 20s increased, plaque index reduced, as dental health knowledge on periodontal disease increased, plaque index reduced. Dental health status assessment according to a total number of times tooth brushing, tooth brushing methods, whether to use dental hygiene devices, smoking status, drinking frequency per week, whether to have oral health education was statistically significant. To improve the level of dental health knowledge and oral hygiene management skills, oral health education should be strengthened as well as the publicity through the media to have the information on oral health and learn it.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to isolate and the sequence of novel $F3'H$ gene related to an anthocyanin pathway, and to confirm the expression patterns of the gene involved in the flower color variations of chrysanthemum mutants. In this study, we isolated the full-length cDNAs and the genomic DNAs of an $F3'H$ gene from a wild type (WT) chrysanthemum (cv. Argus) and its three color mutants. The sequence analysis revealed a putative open reading frame of 1,527 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 509 amino acids. Sequence homology ranged from 97% to 99% between 'Argus' and its three color mutants. The sequence analysis from the genomic DNA revealed that the chrysanthemum $DgF3'H$ gene consisted of three exons and two introns spanning a 3,830 bp length. The sizes of the gene for three mutants ranged from a shorter size of 3,828 bp to a longer size of 3,838 bp when compared to the size of WT. The total size of the two introns was 2,157 bp for WT, but those for three color mutants ranged from 2,154 bp to 2,159 bp. A result of an RT-PCR analysis indicated that the color variations of the mutants AM1 and AM2 can be partly explained by the structural modification derived from the sequencial changes in the gene caused by gamma ray. A Southern blot analysis revealed that the $DgF3'H$ gene existing as multiple copies in the chrysanthemum genome. A systemic study will be further needed to provide a genetic mechanism responsible for the color mutation and to uncover any involvement of genetic elements for the expression of the $DgF3'H$ gene for the color variation in chrysanthemum.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.557-567
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• 2012

This study was conducted to achieve basal information for the development of tomato cultivars with disease resistances through marker-assisted backcross (MAB). Ten inbred lines with TYLCV, late blight, bacterial wilt, or powdery mildew resistance and four adapted inbred lines with superior horticultural traits were collected, which can be useful as the donor parents and recurrent parents in MAB, respectively. Inbred lines collected were evaluated by molecular markers and bioassay for confirming their disease resistances. To develop DNA markers for selecting recurrent parent genome (background selection) in MAB, a total of 108 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets (nine per chromosome at average) were selected from the tomato reference genetic maps posted on SOL Genomics Network. Genetic similarity and relationships among the inbred lines were assessed using a total of 303 polymorphic SSR markers. Similarity coefficient ranged from 0.33 to 0.80; the highest similarity coefficient (0.80) was found between bacterial wilt-resistant donor lines '10BA333' and '10BA424', and the lowest (0.33) between a late blight resistant-wild species L3708 (S. pimpinelliforium L.) and '10BA424'. UPGMA analysis grouped the inbred lines into three clusters based on the similarity coefficient 0.58. Most of the donor lines of the same resistance were closely related, indicating the possibility that these lines were developed using a common resistance source. Parent combinations (donor parent ${\times}$ recurrent parent) showing appropriate levels of genetic distance and SSR marker polymorphism for MAB were selected based on the dendrogram. These combinations included 'TYR1' ${\times}$ 'RPL1' for TYLCV, '10BA333' or '10BA424' ${\times}$ 'RPL2' for bacterial wilt, and 'KNU12' ${\times}$ 'AV107-4' or 'RPL2' for powdery mildew. For late blight, the wild species resistant line 'L3708' was distantly related to all recurrent parental lines, and a suitable parent combination for MAB was 'L3708' ${\times}$ 'AV107-4', which showed a similarity coefficient of 0.41 and 45 polymorphic SSR markers.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 2014

Trellising is an important cultural practice that affects grape quality and yield. Some grape cultivars require different trellising under different climate and soil conditions. To find suitable trellis conditions for grape cultivar 'Cheongsoo', we measured growth and fruit characteristics with three different trellis systems: curtain, Geneva double curtain (GDC), and modified T. The maximum light exposure of clusters in the curtain, GDC, modified T trellis systems was 670, 1,654, and $1,649{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. However, there was no difference in air temperature among the three trellis systems. Net $CO_2$ assimilation rate at $1,500{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ light intensity was 13.4, 13.7, and $8.7{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in curtain, GDC, and modified T trellis systems, respectively. Trunk cross section area (TCSA) and bud burst rate were not significantly different among the three systems. Shoot number was 31.3, 47.0, and 37.0 in curtain, GDC, and modified T trellis systems, respectively. The shoot length was higher (243.9 cm) in the modified T trellis system than in the single curtain (171.1 cm) and GDC (151.5 cm) systems. Interior leaf number and leaf layer number were higher in the GDC system, in which there are two primary branches, in comparison to the modified T and curtain systems, which utilize one primary branch. Primary leaf area and lateral leaf area were significantly higher in the modified T trellis system in comparison to the GDC system. Berry weight, length and diameter, and total soluble solids were not significantly different among the three trellis systems. However, cluster weight and cluster number per tree were significantly higher in GDC. Titratable acidity was significantly lower in GDC. Collectively, our data suggest that the GDC trellis system is preferable for grape 'Cheongsoo' to maintain fruit quality and quantity in Korea.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 2016

Uncanny valley refers to the condition where the affinity of a human-like object decreases dramatically if the object becomes extremely similar to human, and has been hypothesized to derive from the cognitive load of categorical conflict against an uncanny object. According to the hypothesis, the present study ran an oddball task consisting of trials each displaying one among a non-human, human and uncanny face, and measured event-related potentials (ERPs) for each trial condition. In Experiment 1, a non-human face was presented in 80% of the trials (standard) whereas a human face for another 10% trials (target) and an uncanny face for the remaining 10% trials (uncanny). Participants' responses were relatively inaccurate and delayed in both the target and uncanny oddball trials, but neither P3 nor N170 component differed across the three trial conditions. Experiment 2 used 3-D rendered realistic faces to increase the degree of categorical conflict, and found the behavioral results were similar to Experiment 1. However, the peak amplitude of N170 of the target and uncanny trials were higher than the standard trials while P3 mean amplitudes for both the target and uncanny trials were comparable but higher than the amplitude for the standard trials. P3 latencies were delayed in the order of the standard, target, and uncanny trials. The changes in N170 and P3 patterns across the experiments appear to arise from the categorical conflict that the uncanny face must be categorized as a non-target according to the oddball-task requirement despite its perceived category of a human face. The observed increase of cognitive load following the added reality to the uncanny face also indicates that the cognitive load, supposedly responsible for the uncanny experience, would depend on the increase of categorical conflict information subsequent to added stimulus complexity.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2014

Use of vision and audition for video reality has made much advancement. However use of olfaction, which is effective in inducing emotion, has not yet been realized due to technical limitations and lack of basic research. In particular it is difficult to fabricate many odors required for each different video. One way to resolve this is to discover clusters of odors of similar smell and to use representative odor for each cluster. This research explored clusters of odors based on pairwise similarity ratings. 300 diverse odors were first collected and sorted them into 11 categories. We selected 152 odors based on their frequency, preference, and concreteness. Participants rated similarity on 1,018 pairs of odors from selected odors and the results were analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS). Based on the idea that low odor concreteness would support valid use of representative odor, the MDS results are presented from low to high smell concreteness. First, flowers, plants, fruits, and vegetables was classified under the easy categories to use representative odor due to their low smell concreteness (Figure 1). Second, chemicals, personal cares, physiological odors, and ordinary places was classified under the careful categories of using it due to their intermediate concreteness (Figure 2). Finally, food ingredients, beverages, and foods was classified under the difficult categories to use it because of their high concreteness (Figure 3). The results of this research will contribute to reduction of cost and time in odor production and provision of realistic media service to customers at reasonable price.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_2
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• pp.351-363
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• 2020

It is well known that alluvial sediment located in coastal region has been easily affected by geohazard like ground subsidence, marine or meteorological disasters which threaten invaluable lives and properties. The subsidence is a sinking of the ground due to underground material movement that mostly related to soil compaction by water extraction. Thus, continuous monitoring is essential to protect possible damage from the ground subsidence in the coastal region. Radar interferometric application has been widely used to estimate surface displacement from phase information of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Thanks to advanced SAR technique like the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS), a time-series of surface displacement could be successfully calculated with a large amount of SAR observations (>20). Because the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 L-band observations maintain higher coherence compared with other shorter wavelength like X- or C-band, it has been regarded as one of the best resources for Earth science. However, the number of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 observations might be not enough for the SBAS application due to its global monitoring observation scenario. Unfortunately, the number of the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap images in area of our interest, Busan which located in the Southeastern Korea, is only 11 which is insufficient to apply the SBAS time-series analysis. Although it is common that the radar interferometry utilizes multiple SAR images collected from same acquisition mode, it has been reported that the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometric application could be possible under specific acquisition mode. In case that we can apply the Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometry with the other 18 ScanSAR observations over Busan, an enhanced time-series surface displacement with better temporal resolution could be estimated. In this study, we evaluated feasibility of the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometric application using Gamma software considering differences of chirp bandwidth and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) between two acquisition modes. In addition, we analyzed the interferograms with respect to spectral shift of radar carrier frequency and common band filtering. Even though it shows similar level of coherence regardless of spectral shift in the radar carrier frequency, we found periodic spectral noises in azimuth direction and significant degradation of coherence in azimuth direction after common band filtering. Therefore, the characteristics of spectral bandwidth in the range and azimuth direction should be considered cautiously for the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometry.