• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2010

A comparative study was performed in gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and inoculation of Methylobacterium spp. possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) and IAA activity on red pepperand tomato seedling growth and development. Application of 1.0 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ IAA positively influenced root growth while high concentrations (>10.0 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) suppressed root growth of red pepper and tomato under gnotobiotic condition. On the other hand, inoculation of Methylobacterium strains with ACCD activity and IAA or without IAA enhanced root growth in both plants. Similarly, under greenhouse condition the inoculation of Methylobacterium sp. with ACCD activity and IAA enhanced plant fitness recorded as average nodal length and specific leaf weight (SLW) but the effect is comparable with the application of low concentrations of IAA. Seedling length was significantly increased by Methylobacterium strains while total biomass was enhanced by Methylobacterium spp. and exogenous applications of < 10.0 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ IAA. High concentrations of IAA retard biomass accumulation in red pepper and tomato. These results confirm that bacterial strains with plant growth promoting characters such as IAA and ACCD have characteristic effects on different aspects of growth of red pepper and tomato seedlings which is comparable or better than exogenous applications of synthetic IAA.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

In order to investigate the ability of log wood for oak mushroom production as a source of an alternative energy, both chemical and physical characteristics of log wood were investigated according to the cultivation periods. Also, both chemical and physical characteristics of material that treated by steam explosion were investigated to confirm the pretreatment effect by remaining enzyme as a control. The contents of ash, water-, alkali- and organic soluble extracts have been increased after the inoculation. It appeard that holocellulose contents substantially decreased and the contents of lignin as another main component of wood remained constant after the inoculation. However this result implied that indeed, a sufficient amount of lignin has been degraded paritially by enzymes of oak mushroom Lentinus edodes if we consider that the amount of holocelulose was substantially reduced. It also indicated that the degree of degradation gradually progressed but crystallinity decreased after the inoculation. The contents of water-, alkali- and organic soluble extracts have been increased by steam explosion. Holocellulose contents increased within narrow limits and lignin contents remained constant. However the contents of holocellulose and lignin have been decreased by steam explosion, considering that the amount of other extractives was relatively increased. The degree of crystallinity and lignin contents reduction by steam explosion was almost similar to the result obtained by increasing cultivation periods. According to the results, log woods for mushroom production have a potential as material for developing alternative energy.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2002

A filamentous fungus, strain FB01 showing high $\beta$-glucosidase activity was isolated from a compost. This fungus was cocultured with Trichoderma viride to enhance the productivity of $\beta$-glucosidase by changing inoculation time of the fungus. The microbial consortium showed higher cellulolytic enzyme production than T. viride alone. The maximal enzyme production was obtained when the microbial consortium was cultured at 30$\^{C}$ and pH 6.0 for 10 days with the activities of CMCase, $\beta$-glucosidase, and avicelase of 2.0, 0.8, and 0.2 U/mL, respectively. These enzyme activities were 2, 4, and 2 times as high as those of CMCase, p-glucosidase, avicelase from T. viride, respectively, indicating that a synergistic interaction appeared between T. viride and strain FBOI . The serial subcultures with pH control increased $\beta$-glucosidase production about 3.2 times. Enzyme production using ricestraw as a carbon source showed that the activities of CMCase, $\beta$-glucosidase, and avicelase were 3.69, 0.76, 0.17 U/mL, respectively, and $\beta$-glucosidase activity was 1.5 times higher than that of T viride.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.971-978
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• 2022

Sulfur-oxidizing, ammonium-oxidizing, and nitrogen-oxidizing media were used to isolate bacteria to degrade malodor gas effectively in piggery manure or soil. Twelve different strains were isolated: Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Rhodococcus jostii, Rhodococcus qingshengii, Rhodococcus opacus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Kastia adipate, Kastia adipata, Microbacterium oxydans, Halomonas campisalis, Acinetobacter oleivorans, and Micrococcus luteus. By inoculating each strain in the piggery liquid manure by 1%, the pH in most strain treatments was maintained at 8.0. Total bacterial counts were maintained at 7.3~7.9 log CFU/ml until 15 days, and then they dropped dramatically down to 5.1~5.5 log CFU/ml. On the 30th day, the treatment group inoculated with Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 showed a relatively high level of ammonium nitrogen removal, which was 39% of that of the control group. When Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 was inoculated, H2S concentration after 100 days was 3.23% compared with the control (no inoculation), suggesting that Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 is an excellent strain for removing malodor gas. The gas production of the treatments was lower than that of the control. The total accumulated amount of gas production in most strain treatments was a quarter of the gas production compared to the control throughout the experimental periods. Acinetobacter oleivorans SK2675 showed the lowest level at 12.39% compared to the control in gas production. In conclusion, the use of mixture strains, such as Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 and Acinetobacter oleivorans SK2675 isolated in this study could increase the efficacy of malodor gas reduction in the biological treatment of piggery manure.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2011

This study was performed to functional improvement by fermenting of SCB (Slurry Composting and Biofiltering) liquid fertilizer. After screening of cellulose decomposing test using microorganisms originated from composts produced with turf grass clipping, five kinds of Cellulose Decomposing Microorganisms (CDMs) were selected. The optimum medium for CDMs culture was Tryptic soy broth. The optimum fermenting time of CDMs in SCB liquid fertilizer was 36 hour. In addition, CDMs showed antimicrobial activity in vitro. Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2(IV) and Pythium spp. were inhibited by CDMs, but Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2(IIIB) in vitro uneffected by CDMs we isolated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1990

The antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonas, which was isolated from continuous cropping rhizosphere of pepper and cucumber, was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.f.). For further study, transformant was derived from the isolated P.f. after spontaneous mutation to give antibiotic resistance to nalidixic acid and rifampicin as marked strain. Both P.f. and transformant strains were used for this study and the results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. One of the most effective antagonistic strain, KR164, was selected against F. solani, F. oxysporum, R. solani and this strain was identified and classified as Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype IV. 2. Transformant, KR1641, was derived from strain KR164 and both strains had the same biological and biochemical characteristics. 3, Mycelial lysis and abnormal mycelia of plant pathogenic fungi were microscopically observed after simultaneous culture of fungus and given bacterial strain. 4. The length of chinese cabbage to the autolyzed became longer with given bacterial strain in dark culture. 5. Percentage of germination, number of leaves, length of height, and length of root in chinese cabbage in pot experiment were improved by inoculation of given bacterial strain. 6. The number of given bacterial strain kept generally stable until 34 days after inoculation of itself in pot experiment. Inoculation of given bacterial strain did affect the number of plant disease fungi to be decreased but did not affect the number of other bacteria, Bacillus, in pot experiment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.806-813
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• 1996

Five strains of psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria which had been isolated from kimchi were inoculated as kimchi starters, and then their effects were investigated during fermentation at $8^{\circ}C$. The initial numbers of Gram negatives and coliforms in no-starter-inoculated kimchi were $4.0{\times}10^{6}CFU/ml\;and\;3.2{\times}10^4CFU/ml$ respectively, while these of lactic acid bacteria were only $1.6{\times}10^3CFU/ml$. Starter-inoculated kimchi showed sharp decreases in Gram negatives and coliforms from initial stage, but no-starter-inoculated kimchi showed slow increases in those bacteria in the early stage, and sharp decreases after 10 days. It took 10 days in no-starter-inoculated kimchi, $4{\sim}6$ days in Leuconostoc-inoculated kimchi and 2 days in Lactobacillus-inoculated kimchi for lactic acid bacteria to reach stationary phase of growth. No-starter-inoculated kimchi required 10 days to reach optimum ripened state, while all starter-inoculated kimchi samples required 4 days. The inoculations of all these starters did not cause over acidifications. Remarkable softening occurred in Leu. dextranicum-inoculated kimchi in 6 days, but did not in the rest. Except the Leu. paramesenteroides-inoculated kimchi, the qualities of Leuconostoc-inoculated kimchi were as good as those of no-starter-inoculated kimchi, but those of Lactobacillus-inoculated kimchi were not so good.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.402-406
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• 1996

Pythium 5종, 16균주를 공시하여 담수직파한 벼에 대한 병원성을 CMA 배지와 growth chamber 검정법에 의하여 검정한 결과 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주가 가장 강한 병원성을 보였으며, 다음은 균주에 따라 차이가 있었으나 P. irregulare와 P. spinosum도 병원성이 강하였으며, P. dissotocum과 P. catenulatum의 균주는 병원성이 약하거나 없엇다. CMA 배지 검정때 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주의 병원성은 주.dirks 2$0^{\circ}C$ 또는 3$0^{\circ}C$의 항온처리보다 주간 3$0^{\circ}C$, dirks 2$0^{\circ}C$의 변온 처리에서 높았다. Growth chamber 검정법으로 병원성을 검정할 때에는 벼알접종원을 이용하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.534-538
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• 2002

To investigate the antimicrobial effects of Scutellariae Radix extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus from food samples, Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from Tapes philippinarum were examined for their sensitivity to Scutellariae Radix extract. Total 66 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from Tapes philippinarm 72 samples (91.7%). The serotypes of isolated Vibrio parahemolytics were K-I group 7 strains (10.6%), K-IV group 5 strains (7.6%), K-II group 2 strains (3.0%), K-V group 2 strains (3.0%), K-VII group 2 strains (3.0%), K-VI group 1 strains (1.5%), K-VIII group 1 strains (1.5%) and antisera UT K-group 46 strains (69.7%) on antisera agglutination test, but K-III group and K-IX group strains were not found. The growth curves of isolates showed lag phase, logarithmic phase, stationary phase and death phase as typical sigmoid curve on the shellfish samples. After 6 hours, the group containing Scutellariae Radix extract differs from the control on shellfish samples in the growth inhibition curves, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were inhibited in more than 1000 ppm Scutellariae Radix extract. The morphological changes were observed by transmission electron microscope and the microbial cells membrane was destroyed by Scutellariae Radix extract.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2010

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a widespread disease that causes serious problems in many brassica growing areas. To establish more simple and reliable clubroot screening method of Chinese cabbage to P. brassicae using soil-drenching inoculation, the development of clubroot on Chinese cabbage according to several conditions such as soil type, inoculum concentration of P. brassicae GN-1 (race 9), plant growth stage and incubation period was studied. In a commercial horticulture nursery media soil (CNS), disease severity of the seedling according to inoculum concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner, but did not in mixture of CNS and upland soil (1:1, v/v). To facilitate and acquire precise result of resistance screening of Chinese cabbage to clubroot, 10-day-old seedlings should be inoculated by drenching the spore suspension of P. brassicae to give inoculum density of $4.0{\times}10^8$ spores/pot. To develop the disease, the inoculated seedlings were incubated in a growth chamber at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days, and then cultivated in a greenhouse ($25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$) for five weeks. Under the optimum conditions, 25 clubroot-resistant (CR) and 3 clubroot-susceptible (CS) cultivars were tested for resistance to P. brassicae. All CR cultivars showed very clear resistance response, on the other hand all CS cultivars severly infected with the pathogen. The results suggest that this method is efficient screening method of Chinese cabbage for resistance to clubroot disease.