• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.665-674
• /
• 2008

Most of existing studies about the small area estimation deal with the estimation of parameters based on cross-sectional data. However, since many official statistics are repeatedly collected at a regular interval of time, for instance, monthly, quarterly, or yearly, we need an alternative model which can handle characteristics of these kinds of data. In this paper, we investigate the generalized estimating equation which can model time-dependency among response variables and is useful to analyze repeated measurement or longitudinal data. We compare with the generalized linear model and the generalized estimating equation through the estimation of unemployment rates of 25 areas in Gyeongsangnam-do and Ulsan. The data consist of the status of employment and some covariates from January to December 2005.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.247-258
• /
• 2015

This study is designed to verify structural relations between multicultural family's functions, multicultural family mothers' parental efficacy, and multicultural family children's social competence with the subjects of multicultural family mothers and children. To attain the goal, the researcher collected data through a survey with a self-administered questionnaire conducted to multicultural family mothers and multicultural center workers taking care of multicultural children and utilized 156 sheets for final analysis. According to the study results, multicultural family's functions exert positive effect on multicultural family mothers' parental efficacy, and multicultural family mothers' parental efficacy indicates positive effect on multicultural children's social competence. Also, multicultural family mothers' parental efficacy has completely mediating effect in the relations between multicultural family's functions and multicultural children's social competence. Based on these study results, the researcher suggests ways to intervene with multicultural family mothers and multicultural family in order to help multicultural children grow and develop soundly.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.407-426
• /
• 2003

We consider the missing covariates problem in generalized estimating equations(GEE) model. If the covariate is partially missing, GEE can not be calculated. In this paper, we study the performance of 7 imputation methods to handle missing covariates in GEE models, and the properties of GEE estimators are investigated after missing covariates are imputed for ordinal data of repeated measurements. The 7 imputation methods include i) Naive Deletion ii) Sample Average Imputation iii) Row Average Imputation iv) Cross-wave Regression Imputation v) Carry-over Imputation vi) Bayesian Bootstrap vii) Approximate Bayesian Bootstrap. A Monte-Carlo simulation is used to compare the performance of these methods. For the missing mechanism generating the missing data, we assume ignorable nonresponse. Furthermore, we generate missing covariates with or without considering wave nonresp onse patterns.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2008

Many cross-over errors due to position errors, meter errors, observation errors, sea conditions and so on occur when marine geophysical data collected by own and other agencies are merged, and these errors can create artificial anomalies which cause an improper interpretation. Many methods have been introduced to reduce cross-over errors. However, most methods are designed to compare each point or segment data to find cross-over points, and require a long processing time. Therefore, FORTRAN program (FastXcorr) is presented to fast determine cross-over points using an overlap-sector, and to adjust cross-over errors using a weighted linear interpolation algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.12B
• /
• pp.1601-1610
• /
• 2011

This paper discusses standardization activities, requirements and enabling technologies for 100G Ethernet and 100G OTN. The need of 100Gbps transport capacity has been gaining greater interest from service providers and carrier vendors. Moreover, optical transport networks based on OTN/DWDM are changing their properties to apply Ethernet traffic which is dramatically increasing. We realize and experimentally demonstrate OTU4 framer with commercial FPGA. The key features of the realized OTU4 framer are parallel signal processing function, multi-lane distribution function, GMP function and FEC function. The realized OTU4 framer has the large signal processing capacity of 120Gbps, which allows to transport about 120Gbps client signals such as $12{\times}10G$ Ethernet and $3{\times}40G$ Ethernet. The realized OTU4 framer has the advantages to quickly adjust to changing markets and new technologies by using commercial FPGA instead of ASIC.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2004

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) have the crystal structure of wurtzite which is semiconducting oxide with band gap energy of 3.3eV. $In_2O_3$-doped ZnO films were fabricated by electron beam evaporation at $400^{\circ}C$ and their characteristics were investigated. The content of $In_2O_3$ in ZnO films had a marked effect on the electrical properties of the films. As $In_2O_3$ content decreased. $In_2O_3$-doped ZnO films was converted amorphous into crystallized films and showed a better characteristics generally as a transparent conducting oxide. As $In_2O_3$-doped ZnO films were prepared by $In_2O_3$-doped ZnO pellet with 0.2at% of $In_2O_3$ content, the value of resistivity was about $6.0 {\times} 10^{-3} {\Omega}cm$. The transmittance was higher than 85% throughout the visible range.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2010

At this time, our country's social welfare system for the handicapped is switching to increase independence, education is the most important. This study increases the quality of Visual handicapped people's life which have limit to learn and reduces their inconvenience which may occur during their independent school life through the development of the system which helps them safely to reach their destination by themselves using IT technologies in an educational institute which helps their ability to get information and be independent. This study supports Visual handicapped people to move safely by using cell phone which is necessary items for most modern people, RFID tags and white canes with antenna and reader which read the information installed in the raised blocks outside of school buildings and in the hall or aisle inside of buildings and inform the path by voice and vibration.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2008

According to the development and expansion of software and hardware about recent information technologies(IT), disabled persons in using IT seem to feel more information gap. Devices for IT are important tools for users including disabled persons to communicate with each other and get information. Although the Korea faces ageing society rapidly, products for disabled persons are seldom shown in time for use. As getting older especially, one of the body function disorders is visual disturbance. There are tools, braille lettering, for disabled persons with visual disturbance to communicate or get information from book. Compared to general books, however, braille lettering book is lack of including all of information of our society. Therefore, in this paper, we implement and show an embedded system for disabled person with visual disturbance to get information by scanning text, extγacting characters and converting the text to speech automatically.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2011

The challenge shop is a means of countermeasure for empty store at downtown in Japan and takes effect all part of the city from 2000. Local self-government, chamber of commerce and industry or other organizations introduce the challenge shop with the object of a nurture talent. Raises the talented man can be the commencement of an enterprise to empty store from the area. It will reduce the empty store. But it is hard to accomplish purpose of business only by the founder of recruitment in manage challenge shop. Even though the challenge shop is not making more active only one time that is contributing to business district. This study focuses on the key success factor based on the way of managing challenge shops in Japan and draws the conclusion from the domestic challenge shop of Anyang Central market and Daejeon underground Central market that one market-on-one university exclusive charge system produces founders of new business.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.533-545
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study investigated the situation of public health official training and suggested a scheme for improving central and local official training institutes, in order to improve the quality and quantity of training programs for central and local public health officials. Methods: This study examined training resources, design processes, content and methods of training programs of the Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH and the fifteen city and provincial officials training institutes in 2002. Results: The central and the local officials training institutes didn't exchange information on public health training. NIH supplied various specialized training programs for senior and junior officials. However, city and provincial official training institutes supplied a few training programs for local public health officials. Conclusion: A mutually cooperative relationship is needed between central and local official training institutes to exchange information on public health official training. The Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH as a central training institute has to develop training programs related to new public health policies, supply training programs for senior officials, and support local official training institutes. To satisfy the training demands of public health officials, the city and provincial official training institutes should increase the number of training programs for junior officials.