• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2010

패모(貝母)는 땅속의 뿌리줄기에 있는 2매의 비늘조각(인편(鱗片))이 마치 조개처럼 합쳐 있어 패모라 불리우며, 백합과로 숙근성 다년생 초본의 절패모(浙貝母; Fritillaria thungergii) 및 동속식물의 비늘줄기를 기원으로 하며, 중국의 강소 절강 안휘 등지에서 대량으로 재배되고 있다. 패모의 줄기는 15~40cm정도로 곧게 자라며, 꽃은 4~5월에 피며, 윗부분의 엽액에 1개씩 밑을 향하여 달린다. 종자는 결실률이 매우 낮아 이용을 할 수 없어 번식은 대부분 비늘줄기의 인편이나 자구를 이용한다. 약용부위는 인경(鱗莖)(비늘줄기)이 사용되는데, 인경(鱗莖)에는 알칼로이드물질인 verticine, fritillin, peimisine, peimine 등의 주요 성분을 함유하여 약리작용으로는 중추신경마비, 혈압강하 및 진해작용이 있다. 한방에서는 진해, 거담, 배농, 폐렴, 기관지염 등으로 이용하는 중요한 약초 중의 하나이나, 값싼 중국산 패모의 수입으로 우리나라에서는 재배가 붕괴되어 현재는 재배면적이 거의 없는 자원고갈 약초로 재배면적 확보가 시급한 실정에 있어 이를 되살리기 위한 노력이 절실한 실정이다. 따라서 패모 자구 증식을 위하여 온도와 $GA_3$, 상토의 조건에 따른 시험을 수행한 결과 패모 자구의 증식 효과는 저장온도 온도가 낮을수록 자구의 증식이 많아 $5^{\circ}C$에서 주당 5.5개로 구수의 증식효과가 높았으며, 상토는 모래와 밭흙에서 각각 3.1개, 2.5개로 많았으나, $GA_3$과 온탕처리에 있어서는 차이가 없었다.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-124
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• 2010

In this study, we considered the usecase of formulas containing either Fritillaria Bulb (川貝母) or Fritillaria Thunbergii Bulb (浙貝母). These two medicinal materials are distinguished in the Korea Pharmacopoeia and circulating the market separately. But only term "貝母" is traditionally written for describing formulas, and the proper material will have to be determined by a subjective point of view. So, we have comparatively studied the nature, flavor, meridian entry, effect and indication of two materials first. Then we have chosen 54 formulas that "貝母" was used as a primary material from the Donguibogam and the Bangyachappyun, and we have compared effects, indications of two materials and indication of 54 formulas. Finally, we have suggested proper materials for each formula by referring the results above and sentences, which is explaining formulas and the roles of materials in the combination for treatment. The analysis showed that Fritillaria Bulb is proper to 15 formulas, Fritillaria Thunbergii Bulb is proper to 31 ones. This number is 85.2% of 54 formulas and this result shows that we need to distinguish between two materials for "貝母" in the formulas from old traditional literature. For the rest 8 formulas (14.8%), we could not analyze which material is proper or not.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-316
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• 2014

Oldenlandia diffusa, Cremastra appendiculata and Fritillaria thunbergii are widely distributed in the Korea, China and Japan, and has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases, such as pharyngolaryngitis, tonsillitis, goiter and stomach ulcer. However, the anti-cancer activities in human breast cancer have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, it was compared the in vitro cytotoxic effects of single and complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. We treat human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. And we evaluated viability, growth inhibition, morphological changes, apoptotic bodies formation, measurement of the cell cycle and formation of DNA fragmentation of these cells. It was found that single treatment of O. diffusa could inhibit the cell proliferation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. However, complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii is weakly or not affect the cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells. And anti-proliferative effects of O. diffusa in MCF-7 cells was associated with G1 arrest of cell cycle. These findings suggest that O. diffusa may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human breast cancer cells and further studies will be needed to identify the molecular mechanisms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.510-515
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the depigmenting properties of ethanol extract from a Fritillaria verticillata Willd. (EFV) in B16F10 cells. Fritillaria verticillata Willd., a perennial herbaceous plant, has been used as a stimulator of mammary gland, expectorant, blood pressure depressant, antitussive agents in Korean herbal medicine. In the present study, we observed that melanin synthesis of B16F10 cells were significantly decreased by EFV without cytotoxicity. However, EFV could not suppress tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells and mushroom tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, EFV did not effect the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein -1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. These results suggest that EFV inhibited melanin synthesis and the hypopigmentary effect of EVF was not due to regulation of tyrosinase protein.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2014

O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii are reported to possess many pharmacological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertension, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects. However, their anti-cancer activities in human breast cancer have not been clearly elucidated yet. Objectives: In the present study, we compared the in vitro cytotoxic effects of single and complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: After we treated human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. we evaluated viability, growth inhibition, morphological changes, apoptotic body formation, measurement of the cell cycle and formation of DNA fragmentation of these cells. Results: We found that single treatment of O. diffusa and F. thunbergii could inhibit cell proliferation in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. However, complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii had weak or no effect on the cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The first, anti-proliferative effects of O. diffusa in MDA-MB-231 cells was associated with G2/M arrest of cell cycle and apoptotic cell death. The second, anti-proliferative effect of F. thunbergii in MDA-MB-231 cells was associated with apoptotic cell death. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that O. diffusa and F. thunbergii may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human breast cancer cells, further studies will be needed to identify the molecular mechanisms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antitussive expectoration effects of Friltillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the FTB, we conducted in vitro experiments using RAW264.7 cells. An MTT assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of FTB. The expectorant effect on phenol red secretion, the antitussive effect on cough induced by ammonia solution, and leukocyte increased inhibition effects in acute airway inflammation in the animal model were confirmed. Results: FTB did not show cytotoxicity in the experimental group at 10, 30, 50, 100, 300, or 500 ㎍/ml and significantly inhibited the increase of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in the experimental groups at 30, 50, 100, 300, and 500 ㎍/ml concentrations. In sputum, cough, and acute airway inflammation animal models, FTB significantly increased phenol red secretion in the 400 mg/kg administration group. FTB significantly reduced the number of coughs and significantly increased cough delay time in both 200 and 400 mg/kg dose groups. FTB decreased the white blood cell count in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) in the 400 mg/kg administration group. Conclusion: Our study revealed that FTB elicits antitussive and expectorant effects by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, increasing sputum secretion, suppressing cough, and reducing inflammatory cells. We concluded that FTB is a highly promising agent for respiratory tract infection with therapeutic opportunities.