• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.958-967
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• 2009

Just as various religions of the world have multiple systems based on their own belief system respectively, religious costumes, which are the expression of religion, are varied in forms according to different religions. Nonetheless, this research attempts to examine the universal features of the variety of religious costumes. Since the range of this research is broad and the limit of study is clear, this research confines the study objects into world's four high religions. The purposes of this research are as followings; first, the investigation of the world's high religions, second, the study of the figurative attributes of religious costume to study and discuss the universality of figurative beauty and aesthetic value. Figurative attributes are distinct in religious costume. First, the non structural feature of composition, and the manner in which the costume is worn. Second, the rich silhouette covering the body. Third, the restraint and inhibition of decoration, and fourth, the preference of achromatic color and monotones. 'The beauty of concealing', derived from the religious absolute and chastity, 'The beauty of chastity' influenced by the restraint of decoration and design, and 'The beauty of nature' as the drapery and non structural feature are the universal aesthetic values. Human beings tend to contact the divine beings by pursuing the essential thing and concealing the body through religion. The forms of concealment and chastity, mentioned above are reflected in the usual costumes, affected by religion as well as religious costume.

• 대한위암학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.7-10
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of infusion of sterile boar and their semen as pregnancy antigen factor for improvement of production in gilts. We observed 160 gilts between 7 to 8 months of age that were divided into 4 treatment groups vie. A group-epidimetomized boar, B group-no sperm semen infusion, C group-vasectomized boar, and D group-control in a completely randomized design. The number of total pigs born(NT) of A, B, C, and D groups were 10.05, 10.44, 11.63, and 9.97 pigs, respectively(P<0.05). And the NT of C g.cup was the highest among treatment. The number of live pigs born(NB) was similar to NT The NB of C group (10.70) was higher than that of A(9.12) and control(9.11)(P<0.05). However, there was not significant between B and C groups. The progesterone concentration of C group was the highest compare to other group at the 6th day after breeding. However, the progesterone concentration of C was lower than other groups after 8th day. There were not significant among cortisol of A, B, C and D groups. According of the results of this study, the infusion with vasectomized boar and semen at estrus before gestation can be improved reproductive efficiency because of more litter size in gilts.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2003

Gastric teratoma is an extremely rare neoplasm in children which account for less than one percent of all teratomas. Unlike other teratomas, most reported gastric teratomas was benign except one case and occurred predominantly in boys. Additionally, gastric teratomas present in the first year of life as a palpable mass, abdominal distension, vomiting, hematemesis or respiratory distress. Patients with gastric teratomas have an excellent prognosis after complete excision of the tumor. We report a case of immature gastric teratoma in an one-day-old boy, which was diagnosed by abdominal sonography and CT scan, and confirmed by surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.866-869
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• 2003

Less than 2% of patients with primary esophageal cancers have synchronous primary lung cancers and many patients with these synchronous tumors are deemed ineligible for radical resection by surgeons due to the poor prognoses of both the diseases. However, we believe that carefully selected patients could benefit from one stage curative resection for these synchronous tumors. We experienced a case of synchronous double cancer of the lung and esophagus and performed bilobectomy and Ivor Lewis operation simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the good result of one stage curative resection for these synchronous serious tumors in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.615-623
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• 2009

Background: We evaluated the feasibility and the efficacy of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) lobectomy for treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and we compared the outcomes of VATS lobectomy with those of open lobectomy. Material and Method: From 2003 to March 2008, 133 NSCLC patients underwent VATS lobectomy. The patients were selected on the basis of having clinical stage I disease on the chest CT and PET scan. The outcomes of 202 patients who underwent open lobectomy (OL group) for clinical stage I NSCLC were evaluated to compare their results with those of the patients who underwent VATS lobectomy (the VL group). Result: The number of females and the number of patients with adenocarcinoma and stage IA disease were greater in VL group (p<0.05). There was no operative mortality or major complications in the VL group. Conversion to thoracotomy was needed in 8 cases (6%), which was mostly due to bleeding. The chest tube indwelling time and the length of the postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the VL group (p<0.001). The number of dissected lymph nodes and the size of tumor were significantly smaller in the VL group (p<0.001). For the pathologic stage I patients, there was no significant difference in the three-year survival rates between the two groups (p=0.15). Conclusion: VATS lobectomy is a safe procedure with low operative mortality and morbidity. VATS lobectomy is feasible for early stage NSCLC and it provides outcomes that are comparable to those for open lobectomy. Further long-term data are needed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

Purpose of this study is to determine the reasonable portal approach for thoracoscopic right middle lung lobectomy in small sized dogs under 10 kg. Ten healthy beagle dogs weighing $8.67{\pm}0.49kg$ were included. Under general anesthesia, one-lung ventilation (1LV) was achieved using endobronchial blocker with guidance of fiber-optic bronchoscope. Two portal approaches were used; 8-6-10 intercostal space (ICS) and 8-6-5 ICS approach. Thoracoscopic right middle lung lobectomy was performed using endoscopic linear self-cutting stapler and specimen retrieval bag. Each approach was evaluated by scoring 0; bad, 1; endurable, 2; good, 3; excellent in following five category, 1) visualization, 2) triangulation; instrumental sword fighting in the thoracic cavity, 3) approach to hilar pedicle; application of stapler, 4) any obstacles in applicating Lap Bag, and 5) the operator's convenience. Favorable working space was secured by 1LV and thoracoscopic right middle lung lobectomy was successfully completed in all dogs. There was no need to change the portal location and iatrogenic complication. Most of scores were good to excellent in both approaches. Consequently, both approaches are feasible methods for thoracoscopic right middle lung lobectomy with one lung ventilation using endoscopic linear self-cutting stapler in dogs weighing less than 10 kg.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

Purpose: The prognosis of stage IV gastric cancer is poor with the 5-year survival rate still being about 10%. We investigated the prognostic factors of stage IV gastric cancer patients who underwent resection. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 383 patients with stage IV gastric cancer who underwent surgery in our department between September 1983 to December 2000 was conducted. We classified the 383 patients into two groups: patients surviving 2 years or more (n=77) and those surviving less than 2 years (n=306). Clinicopathologic differences were analyzed between the two groups. We also performed univariate and multivariate analyses of various clinicopathologic factors concerning survival. Results: Statistically significant clinicopathologic differences between the two groups were observed in regard to macroscopic type, distant metastasis, lymph node dissection, curability, and histology. Curability and histology were significant survival factors in 2-year survival. The 5-year survival rate was 5.4% in stage IV gastric cancer. Significant differences in survival among macroscopic type, distant metastasis, lymph node dissection, curability and histology were observed in the univariate analysis. In the Multivariate analysis, Curability, lymph node dissection, and histology were significantly beneficial factors for survival. Conclusion: Lymph node dissection, curability, and histology were independent prognostic factors in stage IV gastric cancer, and radical treatment is recommended to improve survival.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Purpose: To analyze the postoperative radiotherapy results and prognostic factors in patients with WHO grade 3 and 4 gliomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 99 patients with malignant gliomas who underwent postoperative radiotherapy between 1988 and 2007 were enrolled in this study. Total resections, subtotal resections ($\geq$50%), partial resections (<50%), and biopsies were performed in 16, 38, 22, and 23 patients, respectively. In total there were 32, 63 and 4 WHO grade 3, 4, and unspecified high grade gliomas, respectively. The biologically equivalent dose was in the range of 18.6 to $83.3\;Gy_{10}$ (median dose, $72.2\;Gy_{10}$). We retrospectively analyzed survival rate, patterns of failure, prognostic factors, and adverse effects. Results: The median follow-up time was 11 months and there were 54 patients (54.5%) with local failure. The one and 2-year survival rates were 56.6% and 29.3%, respectively, and the median survival duration was 13 months. The one and 2-year progression-free survival rates (PFS) were 31.3% and 18.2%, respectively, and the median PFS was 7 months. The prognostic factors for overall survival were age (p=0.0001), surgical extents (subtotal resection, p=0.023; partial resection, p=0.009; biopsy only, p=0.002), and enhancement of tumor in postoperative imaging study (p=0.049). The factors affecting PFS were age (p=0.036), tumor enhancement of the postoperative imaging study (p=0.006). There were 3 patients with grade 3 and 4 side effects during and after radiotherapy. Conclusions: In addition to age and surgical extents, tumor enhancement of the postoperative imaging study was included in the prognostic factors. The most common relapse patterns were local failures and hence, additional studies are needed to improve local control rates.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.433-439
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• 2021

The definitive and effective method for tetanus prevention has contributed to decreased incidence and mortality of tetanus infections in developed countries. On the other hand, there has been a recent increase in incidence due to the lack of awareness of the disease and lack of adherence to preventive measures. Tetanus infections can be fatal. Therefore, prevention must be the utmost priority, followed by aggressive surgical management along with supportive care. The authors present a case of a 59-year-old male patient diagnosed with a generalized tetanus infection from a foot injury. The patient recovered successfully after aggressive surgical debridement and amputation of the infected toe at the metatarsal level, followed by two months of supportive care.