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Uniqueness of Geyonggi-geommu : Historical Background and Characteristics of Intangible Cultural Property of Gyeonggi-do (경기도 무형문화재 제53호 경기검무의 고유성 : 검무의 구성과 역사적 전개를 중심으로)

  • Kang, Yeon-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.13 no.8
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    • pp.243-253
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    • 2019
  • Geyonggi-geommu have developed based on the long history of Korean sword dance. Han Sung-joon, the great master of modern music and dance of Korea during the Japanese colonial period, collected and reconstructed folk dances that had disappeared or were cut off due to the policy to obliterate Korean culture through Chosun Music Dance Research Society. Since then, it has been passed down to Kang Sun-young and Kim Geun-hee that has designated as the Intangible Cultural Property No. 53. of Geyonggi-do in 2011. This study focuses on highlighting the uniqueness of Geyonggi-geommu for proper modeling and transmission of Geyonggi-geommu with historical significance so as to understand and preserve the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This study examines the transmission system of Geyonggi-geommu, followed by Kang Sun-young and Kim Geun-hee, originated by the master Han Sung-Joon of Geyonggi-geommu. Geyonggi-geommu has its uniqueness of using the pure Korean dance terminology established by the holder Kim Geun-hee at the time of designation of intangible cultural properties in Gyeonggi-do. The unique features of Geyonggi-geommu are performed and transmitted in two forms, Daemu(Group dance) and Holchum(Solo dance) which are not currently found in other regions. This is meaningful to passed down according to the original form of Geommu(Sword dance). In particular, the Holchum(Solo dance) is a form of artistic dance, showing the beauty of the sword dance during the Chosun Dynasty. In short, Gyeonggi-geommu can be described as an artistic dance with a soft and strong temperament considering its unique features.

Yun Chi-Ho's Garden Plan for the Anglo-Korean School in Gaeseong (윤치호의 개성 한영서원 정원 계획)

  • Kim, Jung-Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.81-93
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the plans and the spatial characteristics of the garden at the Anglo-Korean School, an educational institution established in Gaeseong in 1906 by Yun Chi-ho and the American Methodist Church. The time scope of the study is from 1906, when the school was opened, to the early 1920s, when the basic building structure of the school was completed. The spatial scope is the school complex, located in Gaeseong, and its affiliated facilities. The contents of the study include the planning background and purpose, spatial layout, and plants used in the school garden. This study reviewed Yun Ch'i-ho's papers and Warren A. Candler's papers at Emory University, documents, photos, and maps produced in the early 20th century. The results show that the school garden was first mentioned at the school's opening and that with a strong will, Yun Chi-ho insisted on establishing a school garden. The garden was located around the engineering department building and was divided into several sections and lots. Economic plants, such as fruit trees, comprised the garden and were sourced from the Methodist Church of the South, USA. This study reveals that the garden at the Anglo-Korean School functioned as a training ground for agriculture and horticulture education and was differentiated from Seowon, a traditional Korean academy that symbolically spaced Neo-Confucianism and that emphasized the views of the surrounding nature during the Joseon Dynasty.

A Re-examination of the Significance of Devotional Offerings at Daesoon Jinrihoe Temple Complexes (대순진리회 도장 치성의 의미 재검토)

  • Cha Seon-keun
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.42
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    • pp.1-44
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    • 2022
  • This study aims to determine the significance of the devotional offerings held in Daesoon Jinrihoe Temple Complexes (道場 dojang) and to interpret their identity. Firstly, the existing research insists that the significance of these rituals implies that offerings held by Daesoon Jinrihoe embody the order's religious purpose. However, this paper argues that the purpose of devotional offerings is not limited thereto. The reason is that the primary sources of Daesoon Jinrihoe defines the devotional offerings as practiced for purposes of worship, celebration, commemoration, the expression of gratitude, the dissemination of information, and to humbly beg pardon from divine beings. Additionally, the offerings are meant to express the solid faith of devotees. Considering the various purposes of practicing devotional offerings, rather than mostly being about prayer to divine beings, the meaning of the offerings could be better understood as forms of communication and exchange of unique ideas and intentions. Secondly, in the light of Korea's history of rituals, the devotional offerings of Daesoon Jinrihoe obviously differ from the rituals of Confucianism or the ritual for Heaven and Earth (圜丘祭 hwanguje). Indeed, the rituals of Daesoon Jinrihoe are rather alien to both of the aforementioned rituals. Accordingly, the identity of the devotional offerings in Daesoon Jinrihoe do neither succeed to the religious and cultural tradition of Korea nor transform it. It is rather the case that Daesoon Jinrihoe's devotional offerings should be identified as having been newly invented. In this regard, the devotional offerings of Daesoon Jinrihoe should be understood as an invented tradition that began in modern times. In other words, they are 'invented rituals to Heaven.'

A Qualitative Study of the Aging Experience among Korean Older Adults Residing in Urban, Rural, and the US Immigrant Context (도시, 농촌, 재미 이민사회에 거주하는 한국노인의 노화 경험에 관한 질적 연구)

  • Lee, Jun-woo;Pak, Jenny H;Lee, Hyuna
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.589-612
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    • 2019
  • Korea has undergone rapid modernization and globalization process in the last few decades. The purpose of this study is to explore how shifting traditional values are impacting Korean elderlies and their perceptions of aging experience. In order to understand how changing social and cultural practices are affecting older adults, the similarities and differences among Korean elderlies living in three different geographical locations are examined in a multidimensional comparative framework. Life story interviews were conducted with 30 Korean elderlies (10 urban residents in Korea, 10 rural residents in Korea, and 10 residents in the US). Paying attention to within-group variation, this study particularly focused on analyzing the psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual experiences that made lives meaningful and resilient in old age in spite of physical decline. Based on analysis of narrative, the following major areas were identified as having positive or negative influence on aging experiences: physical health, emotional health, family relationship, work, leisure/social activity, and spirituality. Common themes of aging well across all settings included: "life not indebted to their offspring," "physical and mental health," and "dying well." Spirituality played a critical role in cultivating perspectives on life and accepting aging process, which were rooted in specific religious traditions participants identified (e.g., Christianity or Buddhism). Interesting differences in the meaning of work and leisure were also found between elderlies residing in Korea and the US immigrant context. One unique factor continuing to negatively affect Korean elderly in rural community was related to shame of not obtaining higher education. Implications for future research are also addressed.

A Study on Records as an Act of Artistic Creation: Focusing on Archival Art (예술창작 행위로서의 기록에 대한 고찰 아카이브 아트를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hosin
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.80
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    • pp.197-232
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    • 2024
  • This study aims to understand archival art, which is spreading in the art world, and to look at records in a new way. Archival art refers to the act of creating and exhibiting art using records as a medium of expression. Archival art is attracting attention as a method of exhibition and creation of works, forming a trend in contemporary art. Archival art was born amid changes in art creation methods resulting from the rise of conceptual art, the development of media including photography and advancements in digital technology, and the influence of Foucault and Derrida's discourse on archives. The encounter between archives and art, which originated from photographic aesthetics in the 1920s, led to archival turn in contemporary art in the 1990s, thanks to the spread of conceptual art, digital technology, and postmodernism. Archival art not only subverts traditional art creation methods, but also includes criticism and deconstruction of social systems, including modern archives. Archival art rearranges and reorganizes records according to the artist's intention, and even accepts fiction rather than fact. The essence of records in archival art is not the reproduction of the past, but the expression of present needs. The way records are utilized in archival art shakes up the concept of records in archival science, calling for a new look at records as objects with not only legal and administrative value but also aesthetic value.

Value of Karate and Effects of Defense physical as Military Training (군사훈련으로서의 가라테 가치와 국방 체육적 효과)

  • Yong-Sung Park;Kyoung-Haing Lee;Sang Hyuk Park
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.467-472
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    • 2024
  • This paper examines the history of karate, its utilization as military training, and its value as a national defense sport. Originating from Okinawa, karate was introduced into Japanese military training in the modern era and spread worldwide. During World War II, the Japanese military intensified karate training for close-quarters combat. Post-war, karate was introduced to Western society through the U.S. military presence in Japan. In contemporary militaries, various martial arts, including karate, are utilized in training programs such as the U.S. Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP) and the Israeli military's Krav Maga. These programs integrate techniques from karate, judo, boxing, and other martial arts to create systems optimized for real combat. In military education, karate enhances individual physical and mental capabilities and improves unit combat effectiveness. Rigorous training develops physical fitness, mental resilience, and practical skills for close-quarters combat. Group training fosters camaraderie and unit cohesion. However, due to the changing nature of modern warfare, it is necessary to reconsider the proportion and methods of martial arts training in military education. With the advancement of high-tech weaponry, team operations have become more critical than individual combat skills. Rather than applying traditional karate techniques unchanged, it is essential to modify and develop them to suit modern warfare. Nevertheless, the value of martial arts training, including karate, remains significant in cultivating key soldier qualities such as physical strength, indomitable spirit, and camaraderie. It is anticipated that militaries worldwide will continue to evolve their martial arts training systems in line with changing times.

A Study on the Religiosity of Filial Piety Ethics in Daesoonjinrihoe (대순진리회의 효 윤리에 나타난 종교성 연구)

  • Cha, Seon-keun
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.27
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    • pp.171-200
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    • 2016
  • This paper will analyze the filial piety based ethics of Daesoonjinrihoe (大巡眞理會) and the traditional filial piety of Confucianism (儒敎), Buddhism (佛敎) and Taoism (道敎) through comparing and contrasting their unique systems. The traditional Korean ethics regarding filial piety are in great need of reformation as the relationship between the parents and children should not be vertical or unilateral but parallel and reciprocal. However, there have not been sufficient in-depth studies on this specific ideology and alternative approaches. Regarding this prospect, one representative Korean indigenous new religion, Daesoonjinrihoe has emerged and directly engages in the collision between traditionalism and modernity. The modernity of Daesoonjinrihoe, enables the observation of how the filial piety based ethics have developed within a system of doctrine and thereby provides an exemplary model of traditional filial piety reimagined in accordance with modern sensibilities. A brief summary of comparative findings is as follows: First, Daesoonjinrihoe and Confucianism have taken serving parents with respect as an ethic within filial piety, but Confucianism engenders this ideal through the unilateral and unconditional sacrifice of younger people based on patriarchal feudalism whereas Daesoonjinrihoe has rejected such unilateral sacrifice and instead promotes mutual beneficience between parents and children. This difference occurs, in part, due to the filial piety of Confucianism rising in the midst of the feudal order whereas the ideology of Daesoonjinrihoe contains ideals such as "the reciprocation of favor for mutual beneficence (報恩相生)" and "respect for humanity (人尊)," both of which serve as key principles of the new religious world as envisioned by Daesoonjinrihoe. Second, filial piety in Buddhism and Taoism tends to be passive and inactive and is often expressed by praying for happiness and longevity for one's parents while they are alive and later praying for the heavenly rebirth of one's parents after they die. The filial piety of Daesoonjinrihoe also partially contains such ideas, however; they are extended much further and arrive upon novel and profound expressions. The spectrum of the filial piety in Daesoonjinrihoe expands to the extent children perform actions to resolve their parent's sins and pave a new road for their parents. This filial piety requires a cultivation practice from both parents and children. This system of dual cultivation was established because the world-view of Daesoonjinrihoe enables both parents and children to enjoy happiness and wealth both of which are achieved through the completion of religious objectives following cultivation practice. Third, Confucianism and Daesoonjinrihoe hold memorial services for ancestors with sincerity as an expression of filial piety. Filial piety in the Confucian context excludes ideas from Shamanism and thereby memorial services are held for impersonal entities, however; in the Daesoonjinrihoe context, memorial services are held for personal-entities. Accordingly, holding a memorial service for ancestors with sincerity has a greater sense of realism in Daesoonjinrihoe than it does in Confucianism. Fourth, while Confucianism and Daesoonjinrihoe both aim to requite the grace received from ancestors, the contents of grace and reciprocation of favors (報恩) are viewed differently. In Confucianism, since the ancestors existed previously and bestowed the gift of life to their children and indirectly, all of their descendents. Therefore, memorial services for ancestors are held to convey gratitude and filial piety. However, in Daesoonjinrihoe, ancestors not only bestowed the gift of earthly life to their descendents, in the spirit realm, ancestral spirits also spend sixty years accumulating the merit necessary to imbue each of their descendents with spiritual insight. Consequently, filial piety is expressed through memorial services as well as spiritual cultivation. Fifth, in Confucianism, achieving the fame and prestige indicative of success in the mundane world can be an act of filial piety as it would bring pride to one's ancestors, but in Daesoonjinrihoe, succeeding in religious objectives through spiritual cultivation is considered to be a higher form of filial piety. Sixth, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism all observe filial piety as system of familial ethics based in morality. This is likewise true of Daesoonjinrihoe, however; Daesoonjinrihoe confers greater importance on filial piety as an essential form of ethics for religious redemption. This is due to the Daesoon interpretation that the absence of filial piety was the direct cause which led to the sickened state of the world and its collapse. Forgetting the grace of parents who have given the gift of life or the grace of ancestral spirits who have accumulated merit on behalf of their descendents are acts of ingratitude which are unacceptable during the period of Reordering of the Universe. Judging from these findings, Daesoonjinrihoe embraces parts of traditional filial piety as it exists in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, but it does so on the ground of its own unique culture. Through re-interpretation and re-creation, ideas regarding filial piety are being further developed. Namely, filial piety in Daesoonjinrihoe is regulations founded upon the reciprocation of favors for mutual beneficence and respect for humanity. Therefore, it is understood as a concept wherein one's own cultivation practice is performed in order to reach religious objectives, the perfection of personal character, and spiritual insight. This requires that even recipents of filial piety (i.e., parents) perform certain cultivation practices to enjoy happiness and wealth. Additionally, filial piety in Daesoonjinrihoe manifests a reinforced religious character and also serves as a system ethics which is soteriologically essential for salvation during the period known as the Reordering of the Universe.

A Study on the Heritage Value through the Analysis about the Preservation Status of Historic Urban Environment - Focusing in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress - (역사적 도시환경의 보존형태 분석을 통한 유산적 가치 고찰 - 수원 화성을 중심으로 -)

  • Gil, Ji-Hye;Hwang, Kee-Won;Son, Yong-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this paper is to draw historic valuable resources to conserve through the analysis about the preservation status of historic urban environment in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress. As for the conservation of urban environment, it is important to protect the resources showing historical continuity and to manage the resources remaining characteristics of place, the analysis of the preservation status is focused on the perspective of preservation of physical form and land use. This paper makes progress through three phases. First, in order to understand urban environment in Hwaseong Fortress overall, it compares land registration original map in 1911 to current map in 2014 by the four items of topography, water environment, streets and sites. Next, changes of four items in urban environment have been reviewed further by the research of maps, relative literatures, field survey and interview, and are classified according to the criteria of preservation-partially preservation-disappearance. After analysing preservation status, valuable urban historic cultural resources are drawn separately by being preserved continually and by being preserved partially but remaining characteristics of place. As a result, natural factors of topography and waterway and urban factor of streets are remained considerably preserved. And even if these factors are changed, the ground environment features support to understand historic urban context. Second, as preservation of topography, water environment, streets and sites are closely related to each other, integrated conservation frameworks are needed to enhance urban historic landscape. Third, modern historic resources in Hwaseong are remained unchanged and thus it is necessary to understand urban historic environment by the layers of various times besides Joseon Dynasty period. Fourth, historic sites and streets which had been preserved through urban development process are destroyed by recent historic cultural restoration policies, therefore urban historic resources worthy of conservation should be treated prudently.

A Study on the aspect of landscape change for Gwanghalluwon Garden (광한루원의 경관변화양상에 관한 고찰)

  • Lee, Won-Ho;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Jae-Ung;Ahn, Hye-In;Kim, Dae-Yeol;Cho, Un-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.82-94
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    • 2014
  • This study aims to comprehend that Gwanghalluwon for aspects of landscape change in terms of construction garden(樓園). Transformation focused on the spatial structure is divided into four periods based on literature. And reflect of landscape elements in defunct or unattributable records from tale and novel. The results were as follows. First, The beginning of Gwanghanllu pavilion(廣寒樓) was the composition of the Gwangtongnu Pavilion(廣通樓). The pavilion is located amid beautiful scenery such as the close-range view of a small stream, and distant view Jiri Mountain. Analysis of literature shows that Gwanghallu pavilion was in succession to Gwangtongnu Pavilion's landscape. Secondly, Gwanghallu(廣寒樓) pavilion represents the characteristic of the garden since 1582. Built the Samsinsan(三神山), Construct Lake and bridge that represents the galaxy for realization of utopia reflect in Taoist ideology. Thirdly, Gwanghalluwon garden was recovered when from Jeong-yu-jae-ran(丁酉再亂) to the Japanese Ruling Era. It took Gwanghalluwon garden a long while to recover from original form. According to records, Gwanghalluwon garden is still being likened to the landscape of fairyland by inheriting landscape in the previous of Jeong-yu-jae-ran(丁酉再亂). Fourth, By the modern times, Gwanghalluwon Garden has personality of tourist attractions. Until now, the area of the Gwanghalluwon garden has been expended during the processes of three times. Fifth, Aspect of landscape change of Gwanghalluwon is wide-spreading mainly Gwanghallu pavilion. But elements of external expansion in garden by introduced into the facility irrelevant to the authenticity of the garden. Sixth, Comprehension the cultural landscape of the garden are limited by deficient records. But, the main elements in the Gwanghalluwon garden are commonly appeared on imaginary environment within a tale and a novel. In addition, culture of garden at the time was depicted in tale and novel. In this sense, cultural landscape in garden was able to estimate through imaginary environment within novel.

STS and the Innovation of Sociology: Focusing on Actor-Network Theory (STS(과학기술학)와 사회학의 혁신: 행위자-연결망이론(ANT)을 중심으로)

  • Kim Hwan-Suk
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.1 no.1 s.1
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    • pp.201-234
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    • 2001
  • Sociology(or social science in general) is often diagnosed as in the state of 'crisis' after the collapse of socialism and the erosion of national societies because of rapid globalization. This paper introduces some recent work within science and technology studies(STS) and discusses its potentials to reinvigorate sociology. Although sociologists have rarely regarded STS as contributing to 'mainstream' issues in sociology, an increasing number of STS writers and sociologists have recently started to notice such possibilities. One main reason of this recent change is that STS is no longer merely concerned to convey substantive findings about science and technology, but instead attempts to reconstruct key notions of sociology such as 'social', 'society' and 'agency'. It is in this respect that the discussion below aims to introduce, discuss, and assess the potential contribution of some recent work of STS to sociology. In particular, it is 'actor-network theory'(ANT) that explicitly attempts to examine and suggest the ways in which STS ran help innovate sociology. One major characteristics of ANT is to impute 'agency' to things(nonhumans) unlike traditional sociology. ANT argues that if sociology studies heterogeneous relationships between humans and nonhumans instead of human relations only, it can become once again a vigorous discipline which is able to provide alternative worlds central to the basis of sociology. So this paper focuses on, not the diverse approaches of STS, the characteristics of ANT and its potential contribution to sociology. The author concludes that ANT can not only rejuvenate sociology by implicating new forms of alternative worlds but also open the possibility to contribute to the democratic reformulation of human-nonhuman relationships.

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