• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

The main objective of sewer rehabilitation is to improve its function while eliminating inflow/infiltration (I/I). If we can identify the amount of I/I for an individual pipe, it is possible to estimate the I/Is of sub-areas clearly. However, in real, the amount of I/I for an individual pipe is almost impossible to be obtained due to the limitation of cost and time. In this study, I/I occurrence of each sewer pipe is estimated using AHP (Analytic Hierarch Process) and RPDM (Rehabilitation Priority Decision Model for sewer system) was developed using the estimated I/I of each pipe to perform the efficient sewer rehabilitation. Based on the determined amount of I/I for an individual pipe, the RPDM determines the optimal rehabilitation priority (ORP) using a genetic algorithm for sub-areas in term of minimizing the amount of I/I occurring while the rehabilitation process is performed. The benefit obtained by implementing the ORP for rehabilitation of sub-areas is estimated by the only waste water treatment cost (WWTC) of I/I which occurs during the sewer rehabilitation period. The results of the ORP were compared with those of a numerical weighting method (NWM) which is the decision method for the rehabilitation priority in the general sewer rehabilitation practices and the worst order which are other methods to determine the rehabilitation order of sub-areas in field. The ORP reduced the WWTC by 22% compared to the NWM and by 40% compared to the worst order.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.12C
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• pp.1231-1238
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• 2005

This paper presents a new fast encoding algorithm for image vector quantization that incorporates the partial distances of multiple features with a multidimensional look-up table (LUT). Although the methods which were proposed earlier use the multiple features, they handles the multiple features step by step in terms of searching order and calculating process. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm utilizes these features simultaneously with the LUT. This paper completely describes how to build the LUT with considering the boundary effect for feasible memory cost and how to terminate the current search by utilizing partial distances of the LUT Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. When the codebook size is 256, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm can be reduced by up to the $70\%$ of the operations required by the recently proposed alternatives such as the ordered Hadamard transform partial distance search (OHTPDS), the modified $L_2-norm$ pyramid ($M-L_2NP$), etc. With feasible preprocessing time and memory cost, the proposed algorithm reduces the computational complexity to below the $2.2\%$ of those required for the exhaustive full search (EFS) algorithm while preserving the same encoding quality as that of the EFS algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06d
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• pp.25-27
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• 2006

블루투스는 무선 홈 네트워킹을 구성하는 하나의 기술로 자리를 잡았지만, 기존의 홈 네트워킹을 구성하는 IRDA, 무선랜, Home RF, ZigBee 등에 비하여 블루투스 사용으로 인한 큰 이득이 없어 이용되지 않는 것이 현재 블루투스가 직면한 문제이다. 비슷한 통신반경을 지원하는 IRDA와 비교하면 가격과 전력소비에서 블루투스의 이점이 떨어지고, 다중 연결을 지원하는 장점에도 불구하고 10m 내의 전송 반경으로는(저 전력 사용 시) 집안을 전부 커버할 수 없기 때문에 무선랜에 비해 홈 네트워킹에서 이용성이 떨어지는 것이 사실이다. 하지만 이런 블루투스의 AD-HOC 라우팅을(1:1 혹은 1:다) 위한 블루투스 프로토콜 스택에 라우팅 프로토콜 스택을 추가함으로써 블루투스가 장착된 정보 가전기기는 주변으로부터 라우팅 정보를 수집하게 되고 라우팅 테이블을 구성할 수 있게 된다. 그러므로 전송 범위의 이상적인 설계에서 무선랜보다 넓어지게 되므로 홈 네트워킹에서 블루투스 사용의 단점이 보안됨은 물론 집안을 하나의 WEB처럼 구성할 수 있게 된다. 이에 다른 기술에 비한 저렴한 가격, 접속의 용이성, 저 전력 소비 둥과 같은 기존의 장점에 전송 거리의 단점이 보안된 블루투스 라우팅 프로토콜 기술은 IRDA, 무선랜보다 기술적 우위를 가짐으로써 홈 네트워킹에 적용이 많아지리라 예상할 수 있다. 더 나아가 블루투스 기술이 포함되어 있는 모바일 기기가 정점 늘어남에 따라 모바일 기기와의 연동에 의한 홈 네트워킹이 실생활에 적용되리라 예측되며, 집뿐만 아니라 어디에서나 다른 모바일 기기와 연결되어 네트워크를 이루는 유비쿼터스 네트워킹이 실현 될 수 있으리라 본다.-filtered CU)과는 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로 제안된 방법은 전통적인 켑스트럴 평균 차감법에 기반하여 효과적인 채널 정규화가 가능하다는 것을 보였다.ttention since the operation of local autonomy in Korea. This trend focuses on ′visual landscape planning′, and it is expected to grow drastically in the near future. Therefore, it is recommended that we promote the more elaborate methodology of ′visual landscape planning′, which also includes the ecological and cultural aspects of the environment. 7월 시료에는 ethane, ethyl formate, trans-2-hexenal의 순서로 그 함량이 많았으며, hydrocarbon류가 전체성분의 30.42%를 차지하였다. 8월 시료는 benzyl alcohol, ethyl formate 및 trans-2-hexenal의 순서로 많이 함유되어 있었으며, ester류가 35.60%를 차지하였다. 또한 9월 시료에도 ester류가 32.92%를 차지하였으며 ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, ethane 및 trans-2-hexenal의 순서로 함량이 높았다.to isolate the major component of silkworm powder, which exerts blood glucose-lowering e

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.169-188
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• 2012

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the bibliographic description of ISBD Consolidated edition published in 2011 and to grasp the considerations in applying the rules of ISBD consolidated edition to KCR4. For achieving this, the four aspects were analyzed such as the description area and data elements, the resource types, the punctuation, and the order of the elements of ISBD Consolidated edition(2011). The characteristics of ISBD Consolidated edition are as follows. First, the content form and the media type area are added in new 0 area and elements are designated by mandatory to confirm to FRBR. Second, content form, content qualification and media type replaced GMD in title and statement of responsibility area. Third, the prescribed punctuations were retained even when this results in double punctuation, and individual square brackets were preferred than entire square brackets when using square brackets to all elements in same area. Fourth, the order of elements in description was set out by patterns of data elements in areas, therefore could reduce the confusion of the order of elements. ISBD Consolidated edition as an international standard would make various rules to maintain the uniformity, but also respects the bibliographic practices of individual countries. Therefore, each country must revise its own rule to conform the ISBD Consolidated edition as well as reflect its unique situation. In Korea, since KCR4 was developed based on the previous edition of ISBD, it should be revised to confirm to the ISBD Consolidated edition. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the revision of KCR4.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the types and roles of visualization materials presented in the third- and fourth-grade national and authorized science textbooks based on the 2015 revised curriculum. Using the type and role framework, 17 chapters were analyzed. The analysis revealed, first, that the national and authorized textbooks had different total amounts of visualization data and total amounts of simple illustrations. However, no difference in the amounts of simple illustrations and infographics used in the units was evident. The units that used the most infographics were Life, Earth and Universe, in that order, in both the national and the authorized textbooks. Second, simple illustrations were observed to have role differences according to the type of visualization data, but infographics had no such differences. Specifically, the motivational role in a simple illustration increased in all the authorized textbooks. Third, looking at the frequencies of the infographic subtypes, the Process, Structure, Comparative Analysis, and Timeline types accounted for 86% of the total, but the proportions of those subtypes varied in the national and authorized textbooks. Based on the results of this study, I suggest that to achieve differentiation in the types or roles of visualization materials, changes in the types, processes, and skills of inquiry must first occur, as must changes in the structure of chapters or lessons. Continuous research and discussion on the standards and methods for authorized textbooks are also needed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.735-744
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce a fast approach for Bayesian detection of change points in long-memory processes. Since a heavy computation is needed to evaluate the likelihood function of long-memory processes, a method for simplifying the computational process is required to efficiently implement a Bayesian inference. Instead of estimating the parameter, we consider selecting a element from the set of possible parameters obtained by categorizing the parameter space. This approach simplifies the detection algorithm and reduces the computational time to detect change points. Since the parameter space is (0, 0.5), there is no big difference between the result of parameter estimation and selection under a proper fractionation of the parameter space. The analysis of Nile river data showed the validation of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.859-872
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• 2004

With the rapid advance of computer and communication techonology, the recent trend of education environment is edveloping in the ubiquitous learning (u-learning) direction that learners select and organize the contents, time and order of learning by themselves. Since the amount of education information through the internet is increasing rapidly and it is managed in document in an effective way is necessary. The document clustering is integrated documents to subject by classifying a set of documents through their similarity among them. Accordingly, the document clustering can be used in exploring and searching a document and it can increased accuracy of search. This paper proposes an efficient incremental clustering method for a set of documents increase gradually. The incremental document clustering algorithm assigns a set of new documents to the legacy clusters which have been identified in advance. In addition, to improve the correctness of the clustering, removing the stop words can be proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1219-1223
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• 2019

The skin condition varies by the parts of the face. This study intended to visualize the facial skin based on the characteristics including moisture, sebum, dryness, amount of dead skin cells, and roughness by sectionalizing the facial skin into 9 areas. A total of 98 female in their 20~35s were selected, and the characteristics of skin by area were selected and listed in the order, and the area they felt each characteristic most strongly was analyzed with a weight and the result was visualized. The result showed that the area where they felt dryness the most was around the lips and eyes, and the area where the largest amount of dead skin cells and rough skin existed was the chin. There was a significant increase in moisture content (p <.05), and 90.5% of satisfaction with dryness was satisfied. The result of this study will be used as a basic data for the development of a cosmetic mask pack or a functional cosmetic product for each part.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.142-156
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze observation characteristics through eye movement according to cognitive style. For this, developed observation task that can be shown the difference between wholistic cognitive style group and analytic cognitive style group, measured eye movement of university students who has different cognitive style, as given observation task. It is confirmed the difference between two cognitive style groups by analysing gathered statistics and visualization data. The findings of this study were as follows; First, Compared observation sequence and pattern by cognitive style, analytic cognitive style group is concerned with spider first and moving on surrounding environment, whereas wholistic cognitive style group had not fixed pattern as observing spider itself and surrounding area of spider alternately or looking closely on particular part at first. When observing entire feature and partial feature, wholistic cognitive style group was moving on Fixation from outstanding factor without fixed pattern, analytic cognitive style had certain directivity and repetitive investigation. Second, compared the ratio of observation, analytic cognitive style group gave a large part to spider the very thing, wholistic cognitive style group gave weight to surrounding area of spider, and analytic group shown higher concentration on observing partial feature, wholistic cognitive style group shown higher concentration on observing wholistic feature. Wholistic cognitive style group gave importance to partial features in surrounding area, and wholistic feature of spider than analytic cognitive style group, analytic cognitive style group was focus on partial features of spider than wholistic cognitive style group. Through the result of this study, there are differences of observing time, frequency, object, area, sequence, pattern and ratio from cognitive styles. It is shown the reason why each student has varied outcome, from the difference of information following their cognitive style, and the result of this study help to figure out and give direction to what observation fulfillment is suitable for each student.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1988

The degermed Japonica and J/Indica brown rites were abrasively milled to give an average yield for each milling of about 5% flour, with 85% of the rice left as residual kernel. The contents of protein, fat and ash were in the highest in fraction I and decreased with each successive milling. The fraction I contained twice as much protein as did the original kernel, 5.7 times as much ash and 11.4 times as much fat. However, no significant differences in the distribution among varieties were noticed. Residual kernels contained 68.7% of protein, 5.1% of fat and 41.8% of ash in the original kernel.