• Title/Summary/Keyword: 전여과

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Effects of Modified ultrafiltration at cardiopulmonary bypass animal experiment. (심폐바이패스 실험동물에서의 변형 초여과법 사용의 효과)

  • 한재진;원태희;박성수
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.32 no.10
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    • pp.874-882
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    • 1999
  • 배경: 체외순환 후의 부종현상 및 이에 따른 여러 장치의 기능 저하를 방지하기 위하여, 최근에 체외 순환 이탈 후 환자의 혈액을 짧은 시간에 관류하여 여과해 주는 변형 초여과법의 사용이 늘고 있다. 이에 대한 긍정적인 임상결과들의 보고도 있으나, 다른 한편 체외 순환 후 염증반응을 포함한 폐손상의 기전에 혈구 성분의 영향이 보고되고 있는 바, 변형 초여과법의 효과, 특히 폐 조직에 대한 영향을 밝혀 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 몸무게 15에서 22 Kg(평균 16.5$\pm$0.5)의 16 쌍의 잡견을 이용한 정소성 심장이식, 실험에서, 통상적인 인공심폐기 작동군과 인공심폐기 작동 후 변형 초여과 관류를 시행한 군으로 무작위 구분하였다. 변형초여과법은 체외순환 정지 후에 대동맥관에서 나온 혈류를 Roller pump를 거쳐 Amicon Diafilter 초여과 관에 150 mL/m 정도의 속도로 10~15 분 정도 관류시켜 정맥관을 통하여 우심방에 직접 주입하였다. 혈액 채취 및 폐생검은 심폐기 시작 전과 정지 직후, 그리고 변형초여과 시행 군은 초여과 완료 직후에, 대조군은 심폐기 정지 10~15분 후에 각각 시행하였다. 혈류역학 측정요소는 동맥압, 우심방압, 좌심방압 등이었으며, 혈액 검사 항목은 동맥혈 가스분석, 혈색소 농도, 헤마토크릿, 백혈구 수, 혈소판 수, 혈중 단백 성분, 알부민 성분 등이었다. 폐 생검 조직으로는 냉동 건조법을 이용한 수분 함유량을 측정하였고, 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰을 하였다. 결과: 변형 초여과 군에서 혈중 혈색소 농도는 수술전 10.3$\pm$1.7 mg/dL, 심폐기 정지 직후 6.3$\pm$1.7 mg/dL, 초여과 직후는 8.3$\pm$2.8 mg/dL의 변화를(p=0.0078, 0.0117), 혈중 총 단백질의 농도 변화는 4.3$\pm$0.9, 3.1$\pm$1.5, 4.1$\pm$1.6 mg/dL, 혈중 알부민의 농도는 1.9$\pm$0.5, 1.4$\pm$0.7, 1.8$\pm$0.8 mg/dL로서, 각각 초여과법의 시행 전후에 유의한 증가를 가져왔고(p=0.0280, 0.0277), 폐조직의 수분 함유량의 변화는 수술전 75.1$\pm$8.6%, 심폐기 정지 직후 82.8$\pm$6.0%, 초여과 직후 77.88%를 보인 반면, 대조군에서는 각각 74.7$\pm$4.9, 82.1$\pm$5.9, 82.3$\pm$5.1%의 변화를 보였다. 미세 구조의 관찰에서, 폐포의 내포세피의 융합 기저막층과 미토콘드리아에서의 부종은 변형 초여과 후에 급격히 감소하였으나, 미토콘드리아내 크리스티의 파괴성 변화와 막성 파괴 성향이 초여과 후에 심화되게 관찰되었고, 세포질 내 소체의 팽창과 공포화 현상도 심폐기 가동 후 발생하여 초여과 후에 더 심화되게 관찰되었다. 세포질 내 소체의 팽창과 공포화 현상도 심폐기 가동 후 발생하여 초여과 후에 더 심화되게 관찰되었다. 폐조직 내의 백혈구는 심폐기 작동 후에 그 수에 있어서 증가하였으며 백혈구의 괴변, 탈과립 정도도 심폐기 작동 후 및 초여과 후에 증가한 소견을 보였다. 결론: 변형 초여과법은 인공 심폐기 후의 혈색소 농도 및 혈중 단백질 농도의 복원에 효과가 있었으며 변형 초여과 관류후 폐의 미세 조직내에서 부종의 급격한 감소 등을 관찰할 수 있었다.

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The Effects of Packed Red Blood Cell Washing and Circuit Precirculation-Ultrafiltration on the Production of Cytokines by Open Heart Surgery (충전용 농축적혈구의 세척 및 체외순환로의 전순환-초여과법이 개심수술에 의한 사이토카인 형성에 미치는 영향)

  • 전태국;노준량
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.199-208
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    • 2002
  • Background: The washing of packed red blood cells could remove pro-inflammatory mediators, cell debris, and micro-particles contained in packed red blood cells, and the preci-rculation-ultrafiltration (recirculation and ultrafiltration of circuit itself before cardiopulmonary bypass) could attenuate the initial inflammatory reaction and remove the initial proinflam-matory mediators. This study was performed to evaluate whether the washing of packed red blood cells and precirculation-ultrafiltration can reduce the production of cytokines that have an important role in myocardial reperfusion injury. This study investigated the effects of washing the packed red blood cells and precirculation-ultrafiltration on the production of cytokines during and after cardiopulmonary bypass and open heart surgery. Material and Method: Forty eight infants with VSD undergoing open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized into control group (group C, n=12), washing group (group W, n= 12), precirculation-ultrafiltration group (group F, n: 12), and combined group(washing and precirculation-ultrafiltration, group WF, n=12). Blood samples were obtained before, during, and after the bypass to assess plasma level of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Results: Expressions of TNF-$\alpha$ were significantly reduced in combined group (group WF) compared with group C, group W, and group F (p<0.05). Expression of IL-6 were significantly reduced in group W, group F, and group WF compared with group C (p<0.05), but similar among group W, group F, and group WF (p=0.053). Expression of IL-8 were reduced in group W and group WF compared with group C (p<0.05), but similar among group W, group F, and group WF (p=0.067). Conclusion: In conclusion, the washing of packed red blood cells and precirculation-ultrafiltration blunted the increase of TNF-$\alpha$ , IL-6, and IL-8 during and after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the clinical benefits of these treatments remains unproven.

Effects of Ultrafiltration on the Production of Xylooligosaccharides (Xylooligosaccharides 제조를 위한 한외여과 처리)

  • Park, Youn-Je;Oh, Hwa-Gyun;Lee, Ji-Wan;Lee, Chang-Seung;Lee, Un-Taek;Rhew, Bo-Kyoung;Yang, Chang-Kun;Yoon, Se-Wang
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.312-316
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    • 2000
  • Crude xylooligosaccharides(XO) were separated with a cellulose membrane (10,000 molecular weight cut-off). Flux variation was measured at transmembrane pressures of 5, 10, 20 and 30 psi, while flow rates were maintained at 100, 200, 300 and 400 ml/min and temperatures at 10, 20, 23-25 and $30^{\circ}C$. Optimal conditions were found at the transmembrane pressure of 20 psi, the flow rate of 300 ml/min and the temperature of $23-25^{\circ}C$, where the flux was decreasing with time by 62% after 200 min. Total sugar, total solid and ash contents were rather independent of ultrafiltration but protein was removed up to 55% from crude XO. Especially, the use of ultrafiltration was very effective for decolorization (84%) of crude XO. These results suggest that ultrafiltration is a useful method for the primary purification of XO.

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Utility Estimation of Pre-filtration on the Membrane Water Treatment Process (막여과 정수처리공정에서 전여과공정의 효용성 평가)

  • Park, Min Koo;Choi, Sang il
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.445-448
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    • 2008
  • The application of the membrane filtration process has been increased for the drinking water treatment system because of excellent quality of treated water compared with the sand filtration process. The selection of suitable pre-treatment processes and optimum flux according to the characteristics of raw water are important factors for the design of membrane processes. In this study, the most efficient pre-treatment processes for drinking water was selected by investigating the effects of pre-treatment processes on the operational stability of the membrane filtration process. Both lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments were conducted. In the lab-scale test, the effect of pre-treatment processes on the stability of the membrane filtration process was investigated indirectly by comparing the performance of membrane flux for raw water, pre-treated water, and membrane permeated water. In the pilot-scale test, the usefulness of prefiltration processes was assessed by comparing the performance of single membrane process and hybrid coagulation-membrane process. The results indicated that the coagulation process contributed to the stabilization of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) by removing contaminants on membranes, though the pre-filtration process had little effect on the TMP.

Application of Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration Therapy Given to a Dog and a Cat with Pulmonary Edema and Renal Failure (폐부종 및 신부전을 동반한 개와 고양이에서 체외초미세여과법을 이용한 치료)

  • Park, Hyung-Jin;Byun, Seok-Young;Choi, Jun-Hyuk;Lee, Jong-Bok;Song, Kun-Ho;Seo, Kyoung-Won
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.34-38
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    • 2016
  • A 13-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog and a 12-year-old castrated male mixed breed cat were referred to the hospital for the treatment of pulmonary edema and azotemia at the same time. To resolve the pulmonary edema and azotemia, intermittent hemodialysis (HD) was performed using ultrafiltration (UF), and the pulmonary edema, azotemia, other electrolyte and acid-base imbalances were improved. This case study demonstrated that when we encountered pulmonary edema patients with diuretic resistance, severe electrolyte imbalance, and impaired renal function complicated by decongestive therapy using diuretics, UF therapy can be considered a life-saving intervention.

Application of Game Theory to Development Strategy and Site Selection for Riverbank Filtration (강변여과수 개발전략 수립과 적지선정을 위한 게임이론의 적용)

  • Lee, Sang-Sin;Lee, Sang-Il
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.381-384
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    • 2009
  • 강변여과는 인공함양을 활용한 대체수자원의 대표적 방법으로 하천수를 충적층으로 통과시켜 간접취수함으로써 오염저감과 수질사고 대처 능력의 장점을 가지고 있다. 유럽을 시작으로 많은 선진국에서는 150년 정도의 개발역사를 가지고 있으며, 우리나라에서도 현재 낙동강을 중심으로 강변여과를 활용한 상수도 공급이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 강변여과 개발을 위한 개발전 개발전략과 적절한 개발위치 선정에 대한 연구로서 게임이론적 접근을 시도하였다. 강변여과 개발을 위한 지자체간 협력 게임이론을 적용함으로써 협력관계를 통한 추가이익 발생이 가능하게 되어 강변여과 개발타당성을 확보할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 입지 선정에서 대상 후보지의 인자비교를 위한 일부 항목의 자료 유무에 상관없이, 적지분석이 가능한 게임모형을 개발하고 그 적용성에 대해 검토하였다.

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Evaluation of Filter Media for Use in Alpha Measurement of Radon Progeny (라돈 자핵종의 알파 측정용 여과지 매질의 평가)

  • Seo, Kyung-Won;Knutson Earl O.
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.31-41
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    • 1992
  • A study for the evaluation of selected filter media that need further characterization particularily in the context of alpha measurements of radon progeny has been carried out by investigating physical characteristics and using the alpha spectroscopy. Physical characteristics was investigated by electrostatic charging and mechanical strength of filters, and then pressure drop before and after sampling was tested. Alpha spectroscopy was used to analyze the energy spectra from the deposition of radon progeny into filters. The results of the assessment showed that the newer filter types do not have a great advantage over the 'old standard' Millipore type AA. But Metricel DM-800 is recommended for those situations where electrostatic charging is a problem. Also this method will be used more effective for the evaluation of new developing filters in future.

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The Improvement of Cake Filtration Rate using CO2 Gas Saturation (이산화탄소(CO2) 가스에 의한 케이크 여과속도의 향상)

  • Yim, Sung Sam;Song, Yun Min
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.468-475
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    • 2006
  • For the filtration of super compactible cake, the high filtration pressure can not improve filtration rate. As the high pressure, in this case, decreases the cake porosity adjacent to filter medium and thus forms 'dense skin' which decreases the rate of liquid flow in a great extent. Actually, there was no method to improve filtration rate for the filtration with super compactible cake. We propose the saturation of $CO_2$ gas into the suspension before the filtration operation for improving the filtration rate. The dissolved $CO_2$ gas transforms itself into gas phase in the dense skin through which the pressure changes dramatically. The gas secures its space inside the dense skin, and finally forms the flow passages which improve the filtration rate.