• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2020

The body color pattern in fish is a distinctive feature for species identification. The blass bloched rockfish Sebastes pachycephalus is a commercially important marine fish species, distributed in the central and southern parts of Korea and south Hokkaido of Japan. It has a morphological feature divided into four subspecies according to with or lacking distinct spots on the body surface, and to the location of markings on the body surface. However, the genetic basis of body color pattern of S. pachycephalus is still unknown. Thus we analyzed the transcriptome of S. pachycephalus skin samples using RNA-seq analysis to investigate functional genes related to body color patterns. The experimental skin samples were prepared by classified into 'Wild type' (lacking distinct spots and markings) and 'Color type' (with distinct spots and marking). Two skin sample transcriptomes were compared pairwise and the results revealed that were 164 differentially expressed unigenes in the skin samples of 'Wild type' and 'Color type'. Gene Ontology analysis of 164 differentially expressed unigenes showed that these genes were included in the functional group of molecular function (2 genes), biological process (46 genes), and cellular component (6 genes). There were several genes that body color type skin specific expression and the genes were CTL (Galactose-specific lectin nattectin), CUL1 (Cullin-1), CMAS (N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase), NMRK2 (Nicotinamide riboside kinase 2), ALOXE3 (Hydroperoxide isomerase ALOXE3), SLC4A7 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3). Our study is the first attempt to search for functional genes involved in the formation of body color patterns in S. pachycephalus. The differentially expressed unigenes obtained in this study can be used as candidate genes for functional gene study related to body coloration of fish.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 1997

Sporulation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been regarded as an important model of cellular development and differentiation. S. pombe cells proliferate by mitosis and binary fission on growth medium. Deprivation of nutrients especially nitrogen sources, causes the cessation of mitosis and initiates sexual reproduction by malting between two sexually compatible cell types. Meiosis is then followed in a diploid cell in the absence of nitrogen source. DNA fragment complemented with the mutations of sporulation gene was isolated from the S. pombe gene library constructed in the vector, pDB 248' and designated as pDB (spo 5)1. We futher analyzed six recombinant plasmids, pDB (spo 5)2, pDB(spo 5)3, pDB(spo 5)4, pDB(spo 5)5, pDB(spo 5)6, pDB(spo 5)7, and found each plasmids is able to rescue the spo 5-2, spo 5-3, spo 5-4, spo 5-5, spo 5-6, spo 5-7, mutations, respectively. Mapping of the integrated plasmid into the homologous site of the S. pombe chromosomes demonstrated that pDB (spo 5)1, and pDB (spo 5)R1 contained the spo 5 gene. Transcipts of spo 5 gene were analyzed by Northern hybridization. Two transcripts of 3.2 kb and 25 kb were detected with 5 kb Hind III fragment containing a part of the spo 5 gene as a probe. The small mRNA (2.5 kb) appeared only when a wild-type strain was cultured in the absence of nitrogen source in which condition the large mRNA (3.2 kb) was produced constitutively. Appearance of a 2.5 kb spo 5-mRNA depends upon the function of the mei1, mei2 and mei3 genes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2009

The transcription of mRNA of avian influenza virus is regulated temporally during infection. Therefore, the measurement of transcript level in host cells should be performed before viral release from host cells because errors can occur in the analysis of the transcript levels if the viruses released from the infected cells re-infect cells. In this study, the timing of viral release was determined by measuring the level of viral RNA from viruses released from H9N2-infected chicken fibroblast cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The viral genomic RNA was isolated together with mouse total RNA which was added to the collected medium as carrier to monitor the viral RNA recovery and to use its GAPDH as an internal control for normalizing reverse transcription reaction as well as PCR reaction. It was found that viral release of H9N2 in the chicken fibroblast cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 took between 16 and 20 h after infection. We measured all 8 viral mRNA levels. Of the 8 transcripts, 7 species of viral mRNAs (each encoding HA, NA, PB1, PB2, NP, M, NS, respectively) except PA mRNA showed robust amplification, indicating these mRNA can be used as targets for amplification to measure transcript levels. These results altogether suggest that the method in this study can be used for screening antiviral materials against viral RNA polymerase as a therapeutic target.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.133-136
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• 2005

EAI(Enterprise Application Integration : 전사적 애플리케이션 통합)는 기업간 또는 기업 내부의 다양하고 이질적인 시스템과 애플리케이션 그리고 비즈니스 프로세서를 통합 하는것[1]이며, 본 논문에서는 기존의 데이타 처리에서 발생하는 문제점인 수신측 장애시 데이터의 손실이 발생하는 것을 방지하기 위한 방법으로 C.M(Certificate Message)방식을 제안하였으며 이를 증명하기 위하여 Ledger File에 Confirm 되지않은 메시지를 보관하여 수신측의 장애 이거나 네트워크 장애에도 Data 손실을 방지하는, Review Ledger File 방식을 적용한 C API 프로그램으로 구현하여 증명함 으로써 수신측 상태가 정상적으로 된 경우에 송신측의 Ledger File 다시 읽어서 재송신하여 그 어떤 장애 상황에도 Data 손실됨을 방지하여 실시간 트랜잭션의 처리에 획기적인 방법을 제시하였고, 기존 EAI 시스템 개발시에 문제점으로 대두된 표준화된 개발 방법이 부재하여 개발 및 유지보수에 많은 비용이 발생한 것에 대하여 본 논문은 표준화 방법을 통하여 해결책을 제시하였고, 또한 Ledger File 및 데이타에 대한 모니터링 방법을 Cobol API 프로그램을 통하여 구현하여 실시간 장애 모니터링 방법을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 결론에서 앞으로의 발전방향에 대하여 논의한다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.564-581
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• 2009

The paper investigates the determinants of firm's standardization activity in the Korean manufacturing industry. Standardization variables as dependent ones are standardization management at the firm level, accreditation activity, domestic standards utilization, and international standards utilization. The independent variables include innovative activities(R&D intensity and patent application), firm size, export ratio, networks, and firm's organization characteristics. We estimated the logistic regression model, using the data from 636 Korean manufacturing firms. The empirical findings are as follows. First, R&D intensity doesn't have any influence on standardization activities, except the utilization of international standards. Second, patent application has a positive effect on standardization management at the firm level and accreditation activity, respectively. Third, the inverse U-shape hypothesis relating firm size is accepted for standardization management and accreditation, respectively. Fourth, the level of chief executive officer's interest on standardization is a very important factor in determining firms' efforts to participate standardization process, regardless of types of standardization activity.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-112
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• 2009

The paper investigates the determinants of firm's standardization activity in the Korean service industry. Standardization variables as dependent ones are standardization management at the firm level, domestic standardization activity, and international standardization activity. The independent variables include innovative activities(R&D intensity and patent application), firm size, export ratio, network, and firm's organization characteristics. We estimated the logistic regression model, using the data from 102 Korean service firms. The empirical findings are as follows. First, R&D intensity has a positive effect on international standardization activity, but not on the standardization management at the firm level and domestic standardization activity. Second, patent application has a negative effect on the standardization management at the firm level. Third, firm size doesn't have any influence on firms' standardization activities in the service sector. Fourth, the level of chief executive officer's interest on standardization is a very important factor in determining firms' efforts to participate standardization process, regardless of types of standardization activity.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2018

Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms (approximately 0.34 nm), arranged in a honeycomb network. It has been hailed as a next-generation flexible and transparent material because it has high electrical and thermal conductivities, excellent mechanical properties, as well as flexible and transparent properties. The wettability of graphene alters its adhesion or surface energy, and it is therefore an important parameter influencing its application in the fabrication of next-generation flexible and transparent electronics. Studies on the wettability of graphene are numerous and various opinions exist. However, almost all of these studies use the wet transfer method to transfer the graphene. In this study, therefore, we investigated the effect of wet and dry transfer methods on water contact angles of graphene on a substrate. The contact angles of substrates vary depending on the type of substrate. It was found that after graphene is transferred to the substrate, regardless of transfer method, the graphene/substrate contact angle increases to a value. The contact angle of graphene transferred using the dry transfer method is higher than the contact angle of graphene transferred using wet transfer methods. The wet transferred graphene is affected by the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) residue and the polar surface of substrate. The dry transferred graphene is influenced by the conformal contact between graphene and substrate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.495-502
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• 2017

Modern ceramics is exploring the expansion of the area with various expression techniques. The silhouette technique among various expressive decoration techniques is a representative expression technique of object form expression. This emphasizes the outline of the form and expresses it and omits the inner form. It gives simplicity and intensity, and awakens aesthetic sensibility and imagination. Therefore, the researcher designed the material related to the core image of the story by designing it as a silhouette technique by using the "Acorn Story" as a subject and then making the transfer paper by using the vector graphic. The transferred paper was expressed on a ceramic plate by transferring technique. Therefore, I hope that this research, beyond the merely decorative function of ceramic expression, will become a ceramic design that will awaken imagination and aesthetic sensibility in digital information age.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

Graphene is a fascinating material for fabricating flexible and transparent devices owing to its thickness and mechanical properties. To utilize graphene as a core material for devices, the transfer process of graphene is an inevitable step. The transfer process can be classified into wet and dry methods depending on the surrounding environment. The adhesion between graphene and a target substrate determines the success or failure of the transfer process. As the surface energy of graphene is an important parameter that provides adhesion, it is useful to estimate the surface energy to understand the mechanisms of the transfer process. However, the exact surface energy of graphene is still disputed because the wetting transparency of graphene depends on the polarity of the liquid and target substrate. Previously reported results use graphene transferred by the wet method. However, there are few reports on the surface energy of graphene transferred by the dry method. In this study, the surface energy of graphene transferred by the wet and dry methods is estimated. Wetting transparency occurs for certain combinations of liquids and substrates. For graphene on a polar substrate, the surface energy decreases by 25 and 35% for the wet and dry transfer methods, respectively. However, the surface energy of graphene on dispersive substrates decreases by ~10% regardless of the transfer method. In conclusion, the surface energy of graphene is $36{\sim}38mJ/m^2$, and differs depending on the transfer method and polarity of the substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.563-569
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• 2023

Micro light-emitting diodes (LEDs), with a chip size of 100 micrometers or less, have attracted significant attention in flexible displays, augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR), and bio-medical applications as next-generation light sources due to their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical performance. In the realm of bio-medical devices, it is crucial to transfer tiny micro LED chips onto desired flexible substrates with low precision errors, high speed, and high yield for practical applications on various parts of the human body, including someone's face and organs. This paper aims to introduce a fabrication process for flexible micro LED devices and propose micro LED transfer techniques for cosmetic and medical applications. Flexible micro LED technology holds promise for treating skin disorders, cancers, and neurological diseases.