• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.375-402
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• 2001

While the national economy has rapidly grown, both insufficience in indirect capital facilities of society and attempt to avoid having a logistical job as one of the so-called dirty, difficult and dangerous jobs have resulted in the leak of labor in the logistical industry. First of all, it was shown that the functional utilization level of the logistical information system had a partial effect on the logistical performance, that the reduction of logistical costs was influenced by the information system of connecting and supporting functions, and that the improvement of customer service was significantly influenced by only the supporting-function system. Second, the logistical performance was partially influenced by the linkage between logistical activities, only the customer linkage had a significant effect on the reduction of logistical costs, and the improvement of customer service was influenced by the intra-company linkage. Third, in verifying a hypothesis that the logistical information system's functional utilization level and organizational structure would interact with each other and have an effect on the logistical performance, it was shown that based on their mutual interaction at a normalized level this center's functional information system had a significant effect on the reduction of logistical costs. Fourth, in testing a hypothesis that both the linkage between logistical activities and logistical organization structure would interact with each other and would have an effect on the logistical performance, it was shown that their interaction at a normalized level was significant concerning only the reduction of logistical costs, while there was I10 its significance in the customer service. In proving a hypothesis that the linkage between logistical activities and logistical strategy patterns would interact with each other and would have an effect on the logistical performance, it was shown in a differentiated, aggressive investment one among variously patterned logistical strategies that the customer linkage had a significant effect on the reduction of logistical costs, and in the improvement of customer service that the supplier linkage had a remarkable impact. It also was shown that in case of the cost reduction and offensive control strategy, the customer linkage had a remarkable effect, and th at in the improvement of customer service the intra-company and customer linkage had a significant effect. In the marketing and customer service strategy, finally, there was no any significant influence while the customer linkage had a significant impact in the improvement of customer service. Accordingly, whether or not individual companies utilize the logistical information system's functional utilization levels well will have an effect on their logistical performance, and how their supply chain management is well-linked will affect their logistical performance.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.167-186
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• 1995

기업인수합병(M&A) 시장의 활성화에 따라 적대적 공개매수를 방어하기 위한 반인수조치(Antitakeover Techniques)들에 관한 관심도 고조되고 있다. 지금까지 널리 알려져 있는 대표적인 반인수 조치들은 Fair Price Amendment(FPA), Classified Board Amendment(CBA)와 Poison Pills(PP) 등이다. 이들 대표적 세 반인수조치들 중에서 FPA와 CBA 채택의 경우는 주주들의 사전 승인이 요구되는데 반하여 PP는 주주들의 사전 승인없이 채택이 가능한 반인수조치이다. 이처럼 상이한 반인수조치들의 채택은 채택기업의 가치에 상이한 부의 효과를 미치는데, 이 분야의 많은 실증적연구 결과들이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 표본기업으로 현재까지 상호개별적으로 연구되어 왔던 두가지 반인수조치(FTA, CBA)에 PP와 비채택기업도 포함시키고 있다. 지금까지의 반인수조치 채택에 따른 기업가치에 미치는 부의 효과에 관한 연구결과를 확인해보고, 반인수조치 채택에 관한 경영자의 의사결정과 경영자의 부 사이에 체계적인 관계가 존재하는지를 실증분석하고자 한다. 여기서 경영자의 부는 기업내부자 지분율과 기업내 경영자를 위한 Golden Parachute의 존재 유무로 측정한다. 본 연구에서는 3개의 가설을 설정하였다. 가설1: 만일 경영자가 주주의 이익을 희생하면서 자신의 이익을 위한 반인수조치를 채택한다면, 반인수조치 채택의 공표는 평균적으로 기업가치에 부(-)의 효과를 보일 것이다. 가설2: 경영자의 내부지분율이 낮을때 경영자들은 주주에게 가장 해로운 반인수조치를 선택할 것이다. 가설3: Golden Parachute가 존재하지 않을때 경영자들은 주주에게 가장 해로운 반인수조치를 채택할 것이다. 본 연구의 대상기업들중에서 반인수조치 채택 기업들은 IRRC 1990년도판에서 수집되었고, 대칭표본 기업으로 반인수조치를 채택하지 않은 기업들은 CRSP 파일에서 기업규모, SIC 코드를 대응시켜 선정하였다. 임원, 관계이사들과 친인척을 포함하는 내부자의 지분과 Golden Parachute 존재 여부는 이 연구의 표본기업들의 Proxy Statement에서 수집하였다. 최종 표본기업은 FPA 채택기업, CBA 채택기업, PP채택기업, 그리고 비채택기업으로 4개의 상호 배타적인 기업 그룹으로 구성되었다. 본 연구는 Event Study와 Multinomial Logistic Regession의 두가지 실증분석 방법을 사용하였다. Event Study방법론은 반인수조치 채택 공표시 초과수익률을 조사하기 위해 사용하였다. Multinomial Logistic Regession은 선택된 반인수조치 종류와 설명 변수들(내부자 지분율, Golden Parachute)간에 체계적인 관계가 존재하는지를 검증하기 위해 사용되었다. 반인수조치들을 채택하는 기업들은 반인수조치를 채택하고 있지 않은 기업들에 비해 내부자 지분율이 낮게 나타났으며, 반인수조치 중 PP를 채택한 기업에서 가장 낮은 내부지분율을 보이고 있다. GP 채택을 보면 PP를 선택한 기업의 50%가 GP를 채택하였다. 본 연구에서 반인수조치 채택 발표일 하루 전후의 초과수익률을 조사한 결과는 반인수조치 미채택기업, CBA, FPA 채택기업들의 초과수익률은 통계적으로 의미가 없었으나, PP채택에 따른 초과수익률은 의미 있는 부(-)의 값을 나타냈다. 이와같이 CBA와 FPA채택기업들은 주주의 부를 감소시키지 않았으나 PP채택기업들은 주주의 부를 감소시켰다. 따라서 경영자는 주주의 이익을 희생시키면서 자신의 이익을 위해 PP를 선택하고 있음을 보여 주고 있다. 연구결과는 내부자 지분율의 크기가 경영자와 주주간의 이해를 효과적으로 일치시키고 있음을 제시하고 있다. 즉, 내부자 지분율이 큰 기업일수록 반인수조치를 채택하지 않거나 반인수조치 채택시에 주주의 이익에 반하지 않은 반인수조치를 선택하는 경향이 높다. Golden Parachute이 존재하는 기업은 FPA를 채택하거나 반인수조치를 채택하지 않는 것보다 PP나 CBA를 채택하는 경향이 더 높다. 한편 기업에서의 GP의 존재가 경영자의 가장 해로운 반인수조치 선택을 억제하지 못함을 보여주고 있는데, 이는 GP가 비효과적인 계약메카니즘임을 제기한다. GP가 경영자와 주주간의 이해를 일치시키도록하는 계약이라기 보다는 차라리 기업방어전략이 비효과적일때 경영자 자신의 안전판으로 제공되고 있음을 보여준다. 이 논문의 주요공헌은 기업내부자 지분율의 크기와 GP의 존재가 반인수조치 선택에 체계적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여준 것이다. 여기서 사용된 Multinomial Logistic모델은 내부지분을 크기와 GP의 존재가 PP또는 CBA가 채택될 것인지를 예측할 수 있게 한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.541-551
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• 2012

In our previous work, we reported consumers' perceptions of body shape and weight control. In an ongoing effort, we analyzed the purchasing behavior, intake patterns, future purchasing decisions, and degree of satisfaction in individuals consuming dietary formula for weight control (DF) or heath/functional foods (HFFs) by using the same survey questions. Portfolio analysis for marketing strategy was also investigated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to consumption of DF or HFF during the previous year : DF group (n = 89) and HFF group (n = 110). Average intake frequency was $1.7{\pm}0.7$ per day for HFFs and $1.5{\pm}0.9$ per day for the DF, and the most prevalent form was pill (58.2%) for HFFs and bar (42.7%) for DF. Duration of intake was $3.1{\pm}2.3$ months for HFFs versus $3.9{\pm}3.5$ months for DF. The average degree of satisfaction was $3.6{\pm}0.6$ on a 5-point scale, meaning 'relatively satisfied'. For the weight control method to be used in the future, 44.5% of the HFF group selected 'HFFs' while 47.2% of the DF group selected 'DF', showing a tendency to use the current product type in the future. The average planned period for the intake was $3.8{\pm}3.7$ months for HFFs and $3.0{\pm}2.4$ months for DF (p < 0.05). The HFF group emphasized efficacy, functional ingredients of the products, reliable products, and higher satisfaction, whereas the DF group emphasized the added materials in addition to weight control effects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 2011

This study is a reinterpretation of characteristics of public space in contemporary cities with a view to liminal space. The conditions of pubic space now cannot be captured through the existing discourses of publicness, and public space. The basic premise of the study is that the idea of liminal space or liminality is useful to grasp the fluid and hybrid attribute of public space in contemporary cities. Liminal space, originally from anthropological studies, is the intermingled stage between two realms and the sustained period of the ritual. The idea has been widely used for various cultural phenomenon and spatial experiences. A literature review on public space and liminal space was carried out. Cases pertaining to public space with a view to liminal space were examined and discussed in detail. Through the careful reading of several public spaces with an angle toward liminal space, the new perspective toward public space will be drawn out. First, we need to emphasize the fluid spectrum of public space rather than the serial stage such as the public, the semi-public, the semi-private, and the private. Second, the idea will contribute to understanding the flexible state depending upon time. What we can learn from case studies is the volatile characteristics in public space as a common phenomenon support its vitality. This interpretation will contribute to the perception of a new horizon of public space. The nature of public space is unpredictable and free. In reality, the spectrum of public space will expand and fluctuate. Ironically, public space can be vitalized through enhancing and activating the private space. The intimate and complicated interface between the two realms is a key issue. The boundary of public space might be redefined to embrace the flexible the fragile nature of changing public space. These research implications will guide the thoughtful design and management of pubic space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2013

This study was performed in order to preserve and protect the scenic sites and surrounding environment is located in the Urban Residential Area. After classifying the type of area surrounding parcels of Seongbuk-dong is located in Seongragwon, Satisfaction Survey, scenic sites designated areas for residents living near the analyzed. Research methods, Cadastral research, literature survey, field survey, and the survey was conducted. Cultural heritage awareness about the collected questionnaires of frequency analysis, and reliability analysis for cultural heritages around satisfaction, satisfaction analysis by parcel area, parcel area for the verification of specific differences regression analysis for the full-on relationship satisfaction, one-way ANOVA was conducted for each. Overall Cultural awareness analysis results, the residence is located close to the Seoul Seonjamdanji, Seongragwon, Simujang, Sanghoe Lee Tae-Joon's houses, Seoul Hanyang castle showed that cultural heritage were know unfulfilled cultural heritage. The purpose of cultural heritage visit was to break/walks. Preservation was usually level and there is no inconvenience caused as a cultural heritage. Regulatory intensity level was usually level and showed a positive reaction to the impact of cultural heritage in Seongbuk-dong image mostly. cultural heritage have a positive impact on the image of the town. but access to cultural heritage is not easy and doesn't affect the life is expected. Overall satisfaction for cultural heritages in the surrounding space, the larger the size of the lot, and higher satisfaction. Seongbuk-dong most of the residents satisfaction was higher. Small lots of residents showed low satisfaction for safety when walking at night, heritage value rise, private ownership of heritage use, harmony with surrounding environment, Building exterior, non-physical uniqueness like culture art mental. It can be interpreted that small lots of residential environment quality is low compared to the large lots, influx of residents in other regions due to the redevelopment of one of Seongbuk-dong, private ownership of heritage use. And generally lower satisfaction on the harmonization of the facility(street lights, signs, etc.). Therefore cultural heritage signs for facility expansion, cultural educational programs, will be needed to maintain the uniqueness village when scenic sites in the city center around the area of management strategy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the users' behaviors and to suggest development strategies in Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta) eco-forest(UKPEF), which is located in Kyeongbuk. The data were collected by interviewing 122 visitors to september 3 from august 29, 2007 with a constructed questionnaire. The results of the analysis are as follows. 1. The major visitors of UKPEF are male and the age between 20 to 30, the residents of the Uljin county with relatively high academic background. 2. The motive of visiting UKPEF is mainly by the beauty and taste of Kumgang pine tree and the condition of the forest. The visitors are mainly composed of family, not big group. 3. The visitors of UKPEF have obtained information about the Kumgang fine tree forest mainly from friends, not from the internet or travel agency. 4. The visitors of UKPEF pointed out lack of convenient facilities such as toilets and water-supply facilities. However, visitors are satisfied by the condition of the forest. 5. The visitors of UKPEF set a high value on Kumgang fine tree, So, more active marketing strategy about Uljin Kumgang pine tree has to be established. 6. The visitors of UKPEF are more satisfied by the Uljin Kumgang pine tree forest than expected. The development strategies of UKPEF are suggest as follows. (1) Auto tram system has to be set up and new trail should be constructed to attract more visitors and people of other regions. (2) To attract group tourists, new program should be developed. (3) Advertisement through internet or travel agency has to be developed. (4) Government(local) should make a plan to register the forest as World natural heritage. (5) Monitoring and evaluation system has to be developed to satisfy tourists. In conclusion, the efforts of taking care of and preserving the UKPEF should be made at the national level. I hope that more Koreans can have chance to feel and experience the value and excellence ofthe Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta)

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the self-directed learning contents of Earth science area in the basic course of the 7th grade. For this purpose, we applied the 'Cyber Home Study Content Quality Control Tool' presented in 'Elementary Secondary Education e-Learning Quality Management Guidelines (Ver.2.0)' of Korea Education & Research Information Service (2008). The results of contents analysis are as follow: First, it was presented that the study guide introduced the contents which should be studied for one class, properly. And it was not analyzed that the diagnosis assesment was not completed in the initiative study; Second, it was possible to study choosing the contents fitting the learner's level of learning in the main study, it was comprised of about 15 minutes. Third, it was performed without feedback for incorrect answers in the learning assessment, just the number of wrong questions. And the learning arrangement present the important contents learned in that class, summarizing and arranging again. The results of content evaluation are as follows: First, a big difference was not showed against the needs analysis, instructional design, interaction in each class. And the evaluation of the ethics was not included a word or sentence not suitable. The evaluation of copyright, it was analyzed that Work within the content display in compliance with international copyright Second, the evaluation of instructional design presented mainly the description of a simple picture based, the visible resources like flash card were poor. And in the evaluation of Supporting System, it was presented that the contents were installed so that it was freely available for learners. But it was analyzed that there was no memo-function learners were able to jot down something during the studying contents. And in the evaluation for evaluation, the clear valuation basis about the described content was not presented. So there were slightly differences for each class. Third, in the evaluation and analysis for learning content, it was presented that there were some big differences for each class because it was not composed of the latest information, not corrected and complementary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to identify the consumer behavior using in campus specialty coffee shop and to establish the marketing strategies through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of service quality. Questionnaires were distributed to 725 students at K University located in Masan, from April 23 to May 3, 2007. Finally, 621 questionnaires were included in the final analysis (response rate: 85.7%). For statistical analysis, SPSS (12.0) was used to conduct the descriptive analysis, t-test, factor analysis and reliability test. The results of this study were as follows. The average cost of using specialty coffee shop in campus was \ 2,096, the average staying time was 25.92 min and the average number of visits per month was 2.17 times. The importance level of 'employee's attitude', 'physical environment', 'sensory quality of coffee', 'beverage features', 'representativeness' were 3.88, 3.79, 3.73, 3.67, 3.28 points, respectively. Also, the performance level of 'sensory quality of coffee', 'beverage features', 'employee's attitude', 'physical environment', 'representativeness' were 3.13, 3.06, 3.05, 2.77, 2.61, respectively. The importance and performance levels of service quality of specialty coffee shop in campus were significantly different (p<.001). Establishment of marketing strategies for in campus speciality coffee shop was possible through the IPA of service quality. Strategies for improving customer satisfaction were to secure enough chairs/ tables, to procure comfortable chairs for customer and to ensure the quality of coffee bean and service of employee.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

Truck Shipment Safety Information, which is a part of the development of NERIS is divided into Optimal Route Guidance System and Emergency Response System. This research is for establishing an advance warning system, which aims for preventing damages(fire, explosion, gas-escape etc.) and detecting incidents that are able to happen during transporting hazardous materials in advance through monitoring the position of moving vehicles and the state of hazardous materials in real-time. This research is peformed to confirm the practical possibility of application of the advance warning system that monitors whether the hazardous materials transport vehicles move the allowed routes, finds the time and the location of incidents of the vehicles promptly and develops the emergency system that is able to respond to the incidents as well by using the technologies of CPS, CDMA and CIS with testing the ability of performance. As the results of the test, communication accuracies are 99$\%$ in freeway, 96$\%$ in arterial, 97$\%$ in hilly sections, 99$\%$ in normal sections, 96$\%$ in local sections, 99$\%$ in urban sections and 98$\%$ in tunnels. According to those results, the system has been recorded a high success rate of communication that enough to apply to the real site. However, the weak point appeared through the testing is that the system has a limitation of communication that is caused in the rural areas and certain areas where are fewer antennas that make communication possible between on-board unit and management server. Consequently, for the practical use of this system, it is essential to develop the exclusive en-board unit for the vehicles and find the method that supplements the receiving limitation of the GPS coordinates inside tunnels. Additionally, this system can be used to regulate illegal acts automatically such as illegal negligence of hazardous materials. And the system can be applied to the study about an application scheme as a guideline for transporting hazardous materials because there is no certain management system and act of toxic substances in Korea.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2020

This study has been conducted at a time when Korean government continues to extend support for youth startups as part of its policy to create jobs and the focus moves from career and employment to youth startups with a growing interest in the field of youth startups. Against this background, this study aims to identify difficulty factors of youth startups in areas besides the Seoul Metropolitan Area, seek ways to overcome difficulty factors, and propose policy implications. To this end, this study set five criteria and 25 sub-criteria to evaluate the difficulties of youth startups by reviewing previous studies and conducting literature review, and performing brainstorming method. The empirical analysis of the evaluation criteria was performed, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, on youths aged 19 to 39 in Gunsan area. The analysis results showed that the largest difficulty factors facing local youths include business model establishment, business administration and management, and startup funding in the criteria. As for sub-criteria, the largest difficulty factors are market information acquisition, technology commercialization, project feasibility, technology development, and new market pioneering in descending order. Local youths have much difficulty about the process of turning a business item into a product and commercializing it. According to a comparative analysis by gender, men were a relatively high difficulty in commercializing business models than women. men were a relatively high difficulty in commercializing business models than women. On the other hand, women were higher than men in all factors (management management, entrepreneurship, improvement of entrepreneurship system, and improvement of entrepreneurship awareness) except for factors affecting business model. In addition, the factors of entrepreneurship were found to be relatively different among young people (college students, prospective entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs). In conclusion, it was suggested that in order to revitalize youth entrepreneurship in the region, it is necessary to actively resolve the difficulties of business model commercialization rather than entrepreneurship funds. In addition, it is necessary to strategically support customized entrepreneurship support and situational administrative services because gender and hierarchical difficulties are different than general solutions. This study presented practical priorities and derivation methods for the entrepreneurship difficulties faced by local youth, and suggested measures and improvements for vitalizing local youth entrepreneurship in the future.