• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of shading treatment on the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and its any correlations in Liriope platyphylla $W_{ANG}\;et\;T_{ANG}$. Followings were achieved as a conclusion. The net photosynthetic rate was increased as the PAR was increased and reached maximum at the $700-1000{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ of PAR in all of leaves, also this treatment caused a higher net photosynthetic rate in comparison with control. It shows the tendency of increasing stomatal conductance caused by the increment of PAR. The diurnal changes of photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were increased as the PAR was increased in the morning, but they indicated a decreased tendency in broad day. The relationship between net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance is well fit by the first regression linear equation. However, the values obtained from the linear equation have the different, respectively, and have highly significance. From the above results, net photosynthetic rate of shading treatment is higher than control in the same stomatal conductance. Different first regression linear equation were obtained between the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in during the control and shading treatment, too.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.913-918
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• 1999

As an alternative evaluation method of electromagnetic shielding properties, the material parameters are considered in determining the qualitative value of shielding effectiveness. The specimens are metallized nylon fabrics with the thickness of about 0.1 mm and the electrical conductivities in the range from 6.4$\times$10~2.4$\times$10(sup)5 mhos/m. On the basis of shielding theory, the shielding effectiveness (which is a sum of reflection loss and absorption loss) has been determined from the material parameters of the barrier sheets. For the conductive fabrics, the dominant shield mechanism is predicted to be reflection loss, which shows an increasing function of electrical conductivity. Comparing these theoretical value with the directly measured surface impedances, the error range is found to be within 10 dB, which demonstrates that the proposed material-parameters method can be a convenient way to determine the electromagnetic shielding properties.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.553-564
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• 1998

For the proper design and management of underground storage cavern, groundwater flow around cavern should be analyzed. Since this flow is influenced by spatial nonuniformity of hudraulic conductivity, the two-dimensional finite element flow model incorporating stochastic concepts was developed to analyze influences due to this nonuniformity. Monte Carlo technique was applied to obtain an approximate solution for two-dimensional, steady flow in a stochastically defined nonuniform medisu. For this purpose, the values of hydraulic conductivity were generated for each element with known mean and standard deviations. The uncertainty in model prediction depends on both the nonuniformity in hydraulic conductivity and the natures of the flow system such as water curtain and boundary condition. Therefore the uncertainties in predicted hydraulic head and gradient are the greatest where the mean hydraulic gradients are relatively large and far from the boundaries. Especially, we relate these uncertainties with well known gas tightness condition.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.935-942
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• 2018

Precipitation has a wide range of applications, such as the management and operation of dams and rivers, supply of dranking water for urban and industrial complex, farming and fishing, forest greening, and safety management. In order to prepare for disasters and to obtain economical effects in case of flood damage, it is necessary to measure accurate precipitation. In this study, we carried out the characteristics tests for various types of rainfall gauge using integrated verification system, which can analyze the performance of collective type rainfall gauge. The uncertainty for tipping bucket rain gauge was 0.0041 mm, where weight type and surface tension type was 0.0045 mm and 0.0039 mm respectively. Therefore, the uncertainty according to the type and characteristics of the precipitation system is not significantly different. The uncertainty is also influenced greatly by the resolution.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.414-425
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• 1989

본 연구를 통하여 원하는 감도와 부착 공진 주파수가 주어질 때 실제로 이러한 성능을 갖는 압 축식 압전형의 가속도계를 이론적으로 설계하여 제작할 수 있었으며 보정 실험을 통하여 실험 가속도계는 실제 설계값에 가까운 성능을 나타내었다. 설계, 제작된 실험 가속도계의 특성 실 험을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 가속도계의 감도는 압전 소자의 압전 상수가 일 정할 때 관성 질량에 따라서만 지배되는 것이 아니라 압전 소자의 크기에 따라서도 달라진다. (2) 높은 감도의 가속도계를 설계하기 위해서는 단일 압축식의 설계보다는 이중 압축식의 설계를 행하는 것이 바람직하며 감도가 큰 가속도계 일수록 0.1g 이하의 낮은 가진 레벨에서의 특성도 아주 좋다. (3) 높은 주파수에서의 특성이 좋은 가속도계를 설계하기 위하여서는 단일 압축식 으로 설계하는 것이 좋으며 압전 소자의 두께는 얇은 것이 좋다. (4) 압전 소자와 관성 질량의 접착시에 전도성 접착제를 사용하지 않아도 기포를 제거한 양호한 에폭시계통의 접착제를 사용 하여 접착층의 두께를 최대한 얇게 하면 설계값에 가까운 감도를 가진 가속도계를 제작할 수가 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11d
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• pp.151-153
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• 2002

전자화 기기의 신뢰성이 요구되는 산업환경에서 외부잡음, 방사잡음, 전도 노이즈 등으로 인한 제품의 오동작 및 기능장해 문제가 발생되고 있다. 저압용 배선용 차단기 또한 네트워크를 통한 통신, 감시(monitoring). 제어(control) 둥의 기능을 구현하기 위한 전자회로를 탑재한 전자식 제품의 개발이 활발이 이루어지고 있으며 정화한 시험을 통한 검증이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 전자회로 트림장치를 가진 전자식 차단기에 대한 IEC947-2에서 요구하는 EMC 시험방법을 고찰하고자 한다.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

Despite vehicle instability problems caused by gusts of wind on freeways located in mountain or seaside areas, current national highway design standards overlook their detrimental effects, and if higher design speed freeways being proposed now by the government are in operation, the strong effect of the gust of wind becomes a highway alignment design issue. This paper presents the vehicle movements and their resulting safety effects by checking vehicle sliding and overturn based on vehicle dynamic analysis for the case when a gust of wind blows to vehicles negotiating curves on higher speed freeways. In this analysis, vehicle types, curve radii, motorist responsive time to vehicle driving path changes, and vehicle speeds are systematically arranged to get vehicle sliding and overturn values in each different conditions. The results showed that there were little overturn possibilities when wind speed would stay in 50m/sec with higher than 600 meter curve radii. Interestingly it was also found in sliding checks that, although being safe at less than 15.0m/sec wind speed levels, there appeared the need of vehicle travel prohibitions when the wind speed could exceed 25.0m/sec level. The findings in this research is of information in future higher speed freeway designs, and particularly useful when designing freeways passing frequent gust wind areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.498-509
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• 2008

Reliability analyses of Level I, II and III for bearing capacity, overturning and sliding of quaywall are carried out to investigate their safety levels depending upon its failure modes, and sensitivity analyses of each design variable are performed to find their effects on safety levels of quaywall. Reliability indices was 1.416 for both level II and III for case study I, and with 2.201 and 1.880, respectively, for the case study II at the critical loading conditions. Thus we were able to know that Level II (FORM) approach is good enough to use in practical design. Generally, it was found that probabilities of failure of quaywall were higher for sliding and bearing capacity failure modes and lower for overturning failure mode. From sensitivity analyses, the most influential design variables to reliability index of quaywall were coefficient of friction, residual water pressure and resistance moment for the sliding, overturning and bearing capacity failure modes, respectively. Especially, the sensitivity of reliability index due to inertial force and dynamic water pressures, which include a large COV when earthquake occurs, did not change greatly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.50-60
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• 2024

To promote the application of reliability-based design within the Korean coastal engineering community, the author conducted reliability analyses and optimized the design of a vertical-type breakwater, considering multiple limit states in the seas off of Pusan and Gunsan - two representative ports in Korea. In this process, rather than relying on design waves of a specific return period, the author intentionally avoided such constraints. Instead, the author characterized the uncertainties associated with wave force, lift force, and overturning moment - key factors significantly influencing the integrity of a vertical-type breakwater. This characterization was achieved by employing a probabilistic model derived from the frequency analysis results of long-term in-situ wave data. The limit state of the vertical-type breakwater encompassed sliding, overturning, and collapse failure, with the close interrelation between wave force, lift force, and moment described using the Nataf joint probability distribution. Simulation results indicate, as expected, that considering only sliding failure underestimates the failure probability. Furthermore, it was shown that the failure probability of vertical-type breakwaters cannot be consistently secured using design waves with a specific return period. In contrast, breakwaters optimally designed to meet the reliability index requirement of 𝛽-3.5 to 4 consistently achieve a consistent failure probability across all sea areas.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

From the practical point of view, general retaining wall systems, such as gravity wall, cantilever wall and reinforced wall, have several problems. As a countermeasure, precast block type retaining wall systems have been developed and used for the various purposes of construction. The retaining wall systems can be applied not only for mechanical purpose but environmentally friendly aspects by changing the shapes of surface plates and planting on the surface plates. On the other hand, the bulging failure was dominant near the center of wall height. Therefore, an individual block has to be estimated for the stability problem related to turnover and the for design of gravity block type wall. On the basis of this result, the optimum section of the wall has to be determined.