• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.78-84
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• 2009

This paper presents measurement results of transient impedance for small-sized ground electrodes in a discharge region of soil. For a realistic analysis of ionization characteristics near the ground electrode, three types of ground rod installed outdoors and high voltage impulse generator were used for injecting test current. From the analysis of response voltage and current flowing ground electrode to earth, it is verified that the ionization near the ground electrode contributes to reduction of ground impedance and limits the ground potential rise effectively in high resistivity soil. As a threshold electric field density for ionization is small in low resistivity soil, the shape of ground electrode rarely contributes to the transient impedance. And, from the experiment result with shape of ground electrode, the rod with needles is more effective to reduce the transient impedance than the plate electrode in the voltage range including with ionization regions of soil.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.445-450
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• 2021

Bio-impedance measurement is a measurement device that can be used to obtain biometric information and diagnose skin diseases using convenience, low cost, and low cost devices. In this study, the bio-impedance was measured using a direct dry gold electrode and a simulation study through animal bio modeling to obtain biometric information in a biometric form. Impedance was measured by inserting electrodes into subcutaneous areas of animal tissue and applying frequencies of 100 uA, 1-100 kHz using a two-electrode method. As a result of the measurement, the resistance of the electrodes is measured high at 5 mm electrodes compared to 7.5 mm and 10 mm electrodes based on 5 mm electrodes. Based on the 5 mm electrode, an average difference of 1.49% was found for the 7.5 mm electrode in the total frequency range, and the impedance difference was confirmed to be 2.624% for the 10 mm electrode. In the future, the research results are expected to be valuable in designing and manufacturing electrodes for bio-inserted electrocardiogram sensors.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.907-913
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• 1998

Corrosion behavior of steel reinforcements embedded in concrete containing various chloride ion concentrations was investigated by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Chloride ions were introduced into the concrete by dissolving the NaCl and $CaCl_2$ in the water with a given weight of cement. Based on the impedance parameters measured by EIS, more complete equivalent circuit, a schematic physical model, and the mechanism of concrete reinforcement corrosion were suggested. By the implement of experimental impedance parameters obtained from the model with corresponding CNLS-fitting data, the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement with chloride ions could be predicted.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2008

In the present study, impedance spectrometry has been used for predicting State-of-Charge (SoC) of gel type, Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA), battery. The impedance measurements of VRLA battery (2V/1.2 Ah) at various SoC were made over the frequency range from 100kHz to 10mHz with an amplitude 10 mV. The impedance parameters have been evaluated by the analysis of the data using an equivalent circuit and a complex non-linear least squares (CNLS) fitting method. The charge transfer resistance values and double layer capacitance values of the positive electrode were higher than those of the negative electrode. The gel resistance values increased with decreasing in SoC. This indicates that the gel resistance is an important parameter for predicting SoC of VRLA battery.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.897-902
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• 2011

Chemical reactions occurring in a PEMFC are dominated by the physical conditions and interface properties, and the reactions are expressed in terms of impedance. The performance of a PEMFC can be simply diagnosed by examining the impedance because impedance characteristics can be expressed by an equivalent electrical circuit. In this study, the characteristics of a PEMFC are assessed using the AC impedance and various equivalent circuits such as a simple equivalent circuit, equivalent circuit with a CPE, equivalent circuit with two RCs, and equivalent circuit with two CPEs. It was found in this study that the characteristics of a PEMFC could be assessed using impedance and an equivalent circuit, and the accuracy was highest for an equivalent circuit with two CPEs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.528-528
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• 2013

대기압 플라즈마 처리에 의한 특성 파악은 플라즈마 처리한 표면의 친수성 또는 소수성의 물성변화를 결합각을 측정하거나 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)을 통한 표면 구조의 분석등 고체 표면을 평가하는 방법이 현재 주로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 결합각이나 AFM을 통한 평가법은 고체 표면만을 확인 할 수 있으며 액체 시료의 물성 상태 변화에 따라 정량적 분석을 확인할 수 없다. 이에 액체 시료에 대기압 플라즈마 처리로 미치는 영향을 전기적 특성 평가를 통해 정량적으로 분석하였다. 증류수, 알코올 등 액체 시료로 실험을 진행하였다. 준비된 기판위에 액체시료를 올려 플라즈마 처리를 하였으며, 기판에 양단에 준비된 전극을 통해 Resistance, Capacitance, Inductance 등의 임피던스를 측정하여 액체시료에 인가 된 플라즈마 처리 전과 후의 전기적 특성 변화를 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.153-155
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 유한 요소법을 이용하여 계산한 압전체의 임피던스 및 기계적인 변위값을 실험적으로 검증하였으며 이를 압전 변압기에 적용하여 압전 변압기의 공진 특성 즉 전기적인 임피던스 및 공진 모드를 해석하였다. 압전 변압기가 공진 모드에서 동작될 때 압전체의 손실을 결정하는 인자인 기계 품질 계수($Q_m$) 및 유전 손실 인자( $tan{\delta}$)를 유한 요소법을 통해 계산하였으며 이를 이용하여 압전 변압기의 기계적인 진동에 의한 손실 및 유전 손실을 계산하였다.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.05
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• pp.195-199
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 피부전기반사를 이용하여 각성도를 측정하기 위한 측정 시스템을 구성하고 이를 이용하여 피부 전기활동의 변화가 뇌파를 동시에 측정하여 각성수준의 변화에 따른 세 측정 요소간의 상관관계를 검토하고 측정에 따른 문제점들을 분석하여 각성도 측정 및 평가와 모니터 개발 을 위한 기초적인 연구를 하였다. 분석 결과 기존의 피부임피던스 만을 이용한 수면상태 판정은 불완전하며 피부임피던스 반사도 포함하면 더욱 정확한 판정을 할 수 있슴을 밝혔다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.460-461
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 반도체 플라즈마 장비 감시를 위한 CUSUM 제어 차트 설계기법에 관해 연구하였다. CUSUM 제어차트에 관여하는 설계변수의 다양한 조합에 대하여 플라즈마 장비의 감시 성능을 평가하였다. 평가를 위해 RF 정합망 감시시스템을 이용하여 플라즈마 임피던스 정합에 관여하는 정합변수에 대한 실시간 데이터를 수집하였으며, 여기에는 임피던스와 상위치에 대한 전기적 정보, 그리고 반사전력에 대한 정보가 포함된다. 평가결과, 설계변수의 조합에 대하여 감시 성능이 크게 달랐지만, 각 센서 정보의 감시 성능을 증진시키는 설계변수의 조합이 있었음을 확인하였으며, 이는 각 종 다양한 센서정보별 CUSUM 제어 차트의 설계가 필요함을 의미한다. 연구에서는 Raw 데이터 대비 성능 분석을 위해 CUSUM 제어 차트의 설계변수를 변수인 d와 ${\Theta}$값의 변화를 주어 다수의 (d, ${\Theta}$)의 조합에 따른 감시 성능을 평가하였으며, 평가에 이용된 데이터는 소스전력이 750 W, 압력이 15 mTorr, Ar 유량이 50 seem일 때 수집하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2017

In this study, we measured the bioelectrical impedance of whole body in various frequency bands by non-invasive method by four electrode method using a portable small impedance measurement system developed to understand the bioimpedance characteristics of intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid components through a skin equivalent model. The measurements were performed on 10 male subjects (mean age $24{\pm}3.0$, body mass index(BMI) $20.3kg/m^2$) for four weeks and the bioimpedances were measured at multi-frequencies (1 kHz, 5 kHz, 50 kHz, 70 kHz, 100 kHz and 500 kHz). Experimental results show that the impedance is the highest in the low frequency range of 1 kHz and the lowest in the high frequency range of 500 MHz. Especially, it was confirmed through experiments that the impedance is rapidly lowered above 50 kHz band. In addition, it was confirmed that similar characteristics to the measured values of the bioimpedance measuring system were obtained in the simulations for understanding the impedance characteristics of the intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid through the skin equivalent circuit model.