• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.6 no.1 s.20
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

There are increasing needs to provide sufficient information on road directions through road signs for expanding cities and traffic networks. Improving efficiency of direction guidance information from road signs not only requires criteria for but also systematic approach to selecting place names that appear on road signs. As such, this paper looks at road direction information from existing road signs that leads to Suwon and investigates whether the current system of road signs provides efficient, systematic and continuous direction information for road users to easily reach their destination. In this paper, Suwon's city hall is set up as the final destination, which is linked from five other cities, Anyang, Osan, Ansan, Yongin and Seongnam. The paper attempts to find out whether there is continuity and suitable number of road signs for direction information by analyzing the road signs between these 5 cities and Suwon with respect to direction, direction advance notice and direction guidance. It is found that drivers cannot easily find the needed information on their destination from the existing road signs and that continuity of selected place names that systematically appear on road signs is insufficiency. In addition, direction guidance on road signs is problematic, because the appearance frequency of road signs is not adequate and the continuity of road signs is not effective. Moreover, there is insufficient information on local direction guidance for immediate destinations on road signs with respect to turning left or right or going straight.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2018

Today's unmanned technology, which is being used in various industries, is expected to be able to make autonomous judgements as autonomous technology matures, in the long run aspects. In order to improve the usability of unmanned system in the military field, it is necessary to develop a technique for systematically and quantitatively analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of the unmanned system by means of a substitute for the tasks performed by humans. In this paper, we propose the method of representing rule-based tactical behavior and modeling manned and unmanned reconnaissance agents that can effectively analyze the path alternatives which is required for the future armored cavalry to establish a reconnaissance mission plan. First, we model the unmanned ground vehicle, small tactical vehicle, and combatant as an agent concept. Next, we implement the proposed agent behavior rules, e.g., maneuver, detection, route determination, and combatant's dismount point selection, by NetLogo. Considering the conditions of maneuver, enemy threat elements, reconnaissance assets, appropriate routes are automatically selected on the operation area. It is expected that it will be useful in analyzing unmanned ground system effects by calculating reconnaissance conducted area, time, and combat contribution ratio on the route.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.205-216
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the water quality improvement effect by providing the environmental flows from agricultural reservoir using QUAL2K model. The Bonghyun reservoir, located in Hai-myun, which is in the city of Gosung in the Gyeongnam province, was selected for study area. The stream monitoring was conducted 24 times from 2011 to 2013 and the water quality was monitored in 6 stations including reservoir. Reservoir operation was simulated to determine the environmental flow supply amount from March to October with the constraint that environmental flow supply was restrained when the storage of reservoir was below the one-third of effective storage. The QUAL2K model was selected for water quality simulation. Simulated water quality were compared with the observed for BOD, SS, TN, and TP. R2 were ranged 0.8508~0.9913, RMSE were 0.005~0.52 mg/L, and NSE were 0.949~0.998 for water quality items, respectively. The QUAL2K model simulation results indicated that the water quality improvement effect by providing the environmental flows(3,000 ton/day) were 9.2% for BOD, 21.0% for SS, -9.0% for TN, -2.4% for TP, respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2D
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• pp.275-283
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• 2006

Recently, there are increasing needs to provide sufficient information on road signs for expanding cities and traffic networks. Improving efficiency of direction guidance information from road signs not only requires criteria for but also systematic approach to selecting place names that appear on road sings. As such, this paper looks at road direction information from existing road signs that leads to Suwon and investigates whether the current system of road sings provides efficient, systematic and continuous direction information for road users to easily reach their destination. In this paper, Suwon's city hall is set up as the final destination, which is linked from five other cities, Euiwang, Ansan, Hwaseong, Osan and Yongin. The paper attempts to find out whether there is continuity and suitable number of road signs for direction information by analyzing the road signs between these 5 cities and Suwon with respect to direction, direction advance notice and direction guidance. It is found that road users cannot easily find the needed information on their destination from the existing road signs and that continuity of selected place names that systematically appear on road signs is insufficiency. That is to say, the findings of the paper are that while it is easy for road users to find place names that are classified under land marks or the first-class selection of place names on road signs, it is difficult to obtain information from road signs on place names that are grouped under the second or third class. In addition, direction guidance on road signs is problematic, because the appearance frequency of road signs is not adequate and the continuity of road signs is not effective. Moreover, there is insufficient information on local direction guidance for immediate destinations on road signs with respect to turning left or right or going straight. Hence road signs in urban area need systematic improvement to find easily some destination.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.306-306
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• 2011

대상유역의 합리적인 홍수량 산정을 위해서는 풍부한 홍수자료를 바탕으로 직접적인 빈도해석을 적용하는 것이 가장 적정한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 국내의 대부분 유역은 관측된 홍수 자료가 제한적이고, 미계측 유역이므로 빈도해석을 통한 홍수량의 산정은 현실적으로 불가능한 실정이다. 이에 국내에서는 홍수량 산정에 대한 대안으로 강우-유출관계의 선형성을 가정한 집중형 강우-유출모형을 적용하고 있다. 하지만 집중형 강우-유출모형은 경험적인 공식에 의해 결정되는 수문매개변수의 비합리성 및 유역분할, 유역 하도추적의 구축방식에 따라 상이한 홍수량이 산정되는 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 따라서 최근에는 경험적이고 개념적인 집중형 유출모형을 지양하고, 격자체계를 기반으로 하고 있는 분포형 강우-유출모형의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구의 목적은 남강 유역에서의 분포형 강우-유출모형 적용성 검증에 있다. 따라서 남강 유역 내에 발생한 4개의 호우사상을 선정한 후 강우 레이더 영상인 CAPPI영상 및 C-Max영상을 이용하여 면적강우량을 산정하였다. C-Max 영상을 이용하여 산정된 면적강우량은 지점강우를 이용한 면적강우량과 비교해 130%이상 과대 산정되는 경향을 나타낸 반면, CAPPI 영상을 이용하여 산정된 면적강우량은 10%이하의 오차를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 CAPPI 영상을 분포형 유출 모형인 VfloTM에 입력하여 유출을 모의 하였다. 모의된 유출곡선과 관측된 유출곡선을 비교 검토한 결과 80%이상의 높은 상관성을 나타낸 반면 첨두유출량 오차는 30%이상의 오차를 나타내었다. 하지만 강우보정기법인 G/R보정 기법을 적용한 후에는 첨두유출량 오차가 10%미만으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 남강 유역에 분포형 유출모형을 적용하기 위해서는 다양한 강우 사상에 대한 지속적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.128-132
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• 2012

물은 생물의 생존을 위해 필수적인 요소로 인류가 시작된 이래로 물을 효율적으로 이용하고 안전하게 관리하기 위한 노력은 계속되어 왔다. 최근 지구 온난화가 주요 원인으로 알려진 국지성 집중호우의 피해는 매우 심각하며, 이로 인해 치수에 대한 중요성은 날로 커지고 있다. 지금까지 사용해 왔던 홍수 예 경보 과정은 특정 지점의 유출량을 예측하기 위해서 강우-유출 모형을 운영하였다. 그러나 물리적 모형의 경우 운영에 필요한 매개변수의 결정과정이 복잡하고, 매개변수 결정을 위해 많은 자료를 필요로 한다. 또한 그 매개변수의 결정과정은 많은 불확실성을 포함하고 있어서 모형의 운영을 위한 전처리과정과 계산과정을 거치는 동안 발생한 오차가 누적되어 결과물 속에는 많은 오차가 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 홍수 예 경보 시스템의 문제점과 불확실성을 최대한 감소시키고 더 우수한 유출량 예측을 위해 neuro-fuzzy 추론 기법을 이용한 모형인 ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)를 사용하여 하천수위를 예측하였다. ANFIS는 신경회로망과 퍼지이론을 결합한 기법으로 신경회로망의 구조와 학습 능력을 이용하여 제어환경에서 획득한 입 출력 정보로부터 언어변수의 membership 함수와 제어규칙을 제어 대상에 적합하도록 자동으로 조종하는 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 ANFIS를 사용하여 탄천 하류에 위치한 대곡교의 수위를 예측하였다. 분석을 위해 2007년부터 2011년까지의 탄천 유역의 관측 강우자료와 수위 자료 중 강우강도와 지속시간, 강우 형태에 따라 7개의 강우사상을 선정하였다. 학습자료 및 보정자료의 변화에 따른 예측 오차를 비교하여 모형의 적용성과 적정성을 평가하였다. 적용결과 입력자료 구성의 경우 해당 시간의 강우량 및 수위자료와 10분 전 강우자료를 이용한 모델이 가장 우수한 예측을 보였고, 학습자료의 경우 자료의 길이가 길고, 최대홍수량이 큰 경우 가장 우수한 예측 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 적용결과 가장 우수한 모형의 경우 30분 예측 첨두수위 오차는 0.32%, RMSE는 0.05m 이고 예측시간이 길어짐에 따라 오차가 비선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.59-68
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the Inside end-taping (Inside-ET) and Outside end-taping (Outside-ET) treatments on prevention of drying defects during radiofrequency/vacuum (RF/V) drying domestic yellow poplar log cross section with size of 20~75 mm in thickness and 120~470 mm in diameter. The treatments of Inside-ET and Outside-ET were quite effective for producing sound log cross sections with thinner than 33 mm and smaller than 270 mm in diameter. Even the 60 mm- and 75 mm-thick log cross sections, if the diameter was smaller than 30 cm, it might expect preventing formation of border checks by appropriate end-taping treatments. The positions of the observed border checks differed in diameter ranging at a relative radius about 0.50~0.63 diameter, and it was estimated that it was necessary to select the border position of end-taping treatment properly according to the diameter of log cross sections. It was observed that the radius of 0.3 diameter was the critical location for pretreatment for preventing formation of border checks in the log cross section with middle diameter. There were severe border checks and V-shaped cracks in the log cross section with large diameter. This was because of the severe variation of moisture content along radial direction of natural characteristic of domestic yellow poplar.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2015

This study is estimated the flood damage probability of the flood discharge, the flood stage estimation and Economic Analysis for Flood Control about considering of uncertainty. Sum River Basin has chosen and the probability precipitation is estimated by using the concept of critical rainfall duration depending on the frequency of each flood stage estimation point. For calculating the expected annual damage, the functions of long term hazard, discharge-frequency, stage-discharge and depth-damage are established for 8 areas in Sum River Basin. The expected annual damaged is obtained which is based on the sampling informations through more than 500,000 simulation from the functions of considered uncertainty. The result about the optimum frequency and Investment Priorities are estimated by conducting the evaluation about planning the levee of various of Design Frequency. In analysis result, 12% of B/C value has increased if the uncertainty has concerned. Also the optimum frequency or Investment Priorities are possible to be changed. If the political and social analysis perform together it would be helpful to have a reasonable decision other than only the economical analysis as actual Flood damaged reduction planning.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.859-865
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• 2011

This study looked into 110 sites of orchard fields to investigate the relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soils, including heavy metal contents, and the topographic characteristics of the fields in Jeonbuk province. The topographic distribution of orchard fields in Jeonbuk province was local valley and fans, hilly and mountains, mountain foot slopes, alluvial plains, diluvium, and fluvio-marine deposits. Forty-six percent (46%) of total orchard fields were located in the hilly and mountains. Soil texture of the local valley and fans was mostly sandy clay loam, and the soil texture of other topographical sites were varied. Bulk density, porosity, and soil hardness were not different among the various topographic sites. The content of plant available water was the highest (19.5%) in the sites of diluvium. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ content were the highest in the sites of fluvio-marine deposits, whereas the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $Na^+$ were not significantly different among the topographic sites. Also, soil pH and SOM content were generally in optimal ranges for the fruit plants in the orchard fields, but other values were mostly higher than those in optimum. In addition, the contents of heavy metals were much lower than the levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

Research of this paper focused on developing and demonstrating of algorithm with the figures of difference between historical traffic pattern data and real-time traffic data to decide on what the incident is. The aim of this dissertation is to develop incident detection algorithm which can be understood and modified easier to operate. To establish traffic pattern of this algorithm, weighted moving average method was applied. The basis of this method was traffic volume and speed of the same day and time at the same location based on 30-second raw data. The model was completed by a serious of steps of process-screening process of error data, decision of the traffic condition, comparison with pattern data, decision of incident circumstances, continuity test. A variety of parameter value was applied to select reasonable parameter. Results of application of the algorithm came out with figures of average detection rate 94.7 percent, 0.8 percent rate of misinformation and the average detection time 1.6 minutes. With these following results, the detection rate turned out to be superior compared with result of existing model. Applying the concept of traffic patterns was useful to gain excellent results of this study. Also, this study is significant in terms of making algorithm which theorized the decision process of actual operators.