• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.254-262
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to select the desirable welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) varieties for the year-round cultivation in water culture. Ten varieties were tested, of which five were Korean's and the other five were Japanese's. The germination percentage and germinative energy of most varieties we.e more than 90 percent. The fastest germination speed were 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa' and 'Fuyune'. The best growth of the varieties were 'Geumjanguedaepa' and 'Tokyokuro' in spring, 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa', 'Saesaeksisilpa' and 'Tokyokuro' in summer, 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa' and 'Tokyokuro' in fall, and 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Midorigawa' and 'Tokyokuro' in winter cultivation. Suitable varieties of growth fur all seasons were 'Geurnjanguedaepa' and 'Tokyokuro', though 'Gujopa' was good in summer and fall. In the view of nutritional content, nitrate content was significantly lower in 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Tokyokuro' and 'Fuyune' than that in'Saesaeksisilpa' and 'Starziam'. Vitamin C content was higher in 'Aqua Green', 'Midorigawa' and 'Seoulbaekpa' than that of the others. Pyruvic acid content was the highest in 'Geumjanguedaepa' and 'Suckchanguedaepa'. Based on the above results, 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa' and 'Tokyokuro' were selected as the most desirable young welsh onion varieties for the year-round water culture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.747-752
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• 2006

In this paper, the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller with two systems is designed. The existing sliding mode controller used to $approximation{\^{u}}(t)$ with discrete sgn function and sat function for keeping the state trajectories on the sliding surface[1]. The proposed controller decrease the disturbance for uncertain control gain and This paper is concerned with an Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control(AFSMC) that the fuzzy systems ate used to approximate the unknown functions of nonlinear system. In the adaptive fuzzy system, we adopt the adaptive law to approximate the dynamics of the nonlinear plant and to adjust the parameters of AFSMC. The stability of the suggested control system is proved via Lyapunov stability theorem, and convergence and robustness properties ate demonstrated. Futhermore, fuzzy tuning improve tracking abilities by changing some sliding conditions. In the traditional sliding mode control, ${\eta}$ is a positive constant. The increase of ${\eta}$ has led to a significant decrease in the rise time. However, this has resulted in higher overshoot. Therefore the proposed ${\eta}$ tuning AFSMC improve the performances, so that the controller can track the trajectories faster and more exactly than ordinary controller. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance is improved and the system also exhibits stability.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-179
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• 2011

A new soybean cultivar 'Daewang' was released by Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gangwon Province in 2008. The Goals of breeding the variety was for large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance and resistance to diseases such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and bacterial pustule. 'Daewang' was derived from the cross of GWS91, which has yellow seed coat, large seed size and late maturity, and 'Seokryang-putkong', which has large seed size and early maturity. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection were carried out from 2002 to 2007. It has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum and large seed weight (33.6 g per 100 seeds). The maturity date of 'Daewang' is 16 days later than the 'Taekwang'. It has a high content of total isoflavone ($1,851{\mu}g/g$). The average yield of 'Daewang' was 2.68 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out in four locations in Gangwon province from 2004 to 2007 which was 4 percent higher than the check cultivar 'Taekwang'.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2005

This paper introduces a 3D perceptual model based on JND(Just Noticeable Difference) and proposes a video watermarking scheme which is perceptual approach of adaptive embedding in 3D-DCT domain. Videos are composed of consecutive frames with many similar adjacent frames. If a watermark is embedded in the period of similar frames with little motion, it can be easily noticed by human eyes. Therefore, for the transparency the watermark should be embedded into some places where motions exist and for the robustness its magnitude needs to be adjusted properly. For the transparency and the robustness, watermark based on 3D perceptual model is utilized. That is. the sensitivities from the 3D-DCT quantization are derived based on 3D perceptual model, and the sensitivities of the regions having more local motion than global motion are adjusted. Then the watermark is embedded into visually significant coefficients in proportion to the strength of motion in 3D-DCT domain. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves the robustness to MPEG compression and temporal attacks by about $3{\sim}9\%$, compared to the existing 3D-DCT based method. In terms of PSNR, the proposed method is similar to the existing method, but JND guarantees the transparency of watermark.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

Salt stress is one of major environmental factors influencing plant growth and development. To identify salt tolerance determinants in higher plants, a large-scale screen was conducted with a bialaphos marker-based T-DNA insertional collection of Arabidopsis ecotype C24 mutants. One line for salt stress-sensitive mutant (referred to as ssm1) exhibited increased sensitivity to both ionic (NaCl) and nonionic (mannitol) osmotic stress in a root growth assay. This result suggests that ssm1 mutant is involved in ion homeostasis and osmotic compensation in plant. Molecular cloning of the genomic DNA flanking T-DNA insert of ssm1 mutant was achieved by mutant genomic DNA library screening. T-DNA insertion appeared in the first exon of an open reading frame on F3M18.7, which is the same as AtSYP61. SSM1 is SYP61/OSM1 that is a member of the SNARE superfamily of proteins required for vesicular/target membrane fusions and factor related to abiotic stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to figure out the change of soil physical properties, rice growth and yield with the years of continuous cultivation in direct dry-seeding and no-tillage machine transplanting. Experiments were conducted at NHAES(National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA, Iksan, Cheon Buk Province, South Korea) with a rice variety "Dongjinbyeo" from 1995 to 2000. In no-tillage machine transplanting cultivation, organic matter in soil was higher than that on direct dry-seeding and was significantly high in topsoil. Problematic weed species were E. crus-galli B., A. keisak H., and L. japonica M. Plant height and tiller number m-2 were higher in common-tillage during the total growth duration. The highest weedy rice occurrence of 27.5% was observed in live years' continuous direct dry-seeding and followed by 6.2%, in four years', and 3.7%, in three years'. The highest yield reduction of 38% was observed in five years' continuous direct dry-seeding. The reduction may resulted from the competition between weedy rice and cultivated rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2001

Boundary line method was adopted to analyze the relationships between rice yield and meteorological conditions during rice growing period. Boundary lines of yield responses to mean temperature($T_a$) and sunshine hour( $S_{h}$) and diurnal temperature range($T_r$) were well-fitted to hyperbolic functions of f($T_a$) =$$\beta$_{0t}$(1-EXP(-$$\beta$_{1t}$ $\times$ ($T_a$) ) and f( $S_{h}$)=$$\beta$_{0t}$((1-EXP($$\beta$_{1t}$$\times$ $S_{h}$)), to quadratic function of f($T_r$) =$\beta$$_{0r}$(1-($T_r$ 1r)$^2$), respectively. to take into account to, the sterility caused by low temperature during reproductive stage, cooling degree days [$T_c$ =$\Sigma$(20-$T_a$] for 30 days before heading were calculated. Boundary lines of yield responses to $T_c$ were fitted well to exponential function of f($T_c$) )=$\beta$$_{0c}$exp(-$$\beta$_{1c}$$\times$$T_c$ ). Excluding the constants of $\beta$$_{0s}$ from the boundary line functions, formed are the relative function values in the range of 0 to 1. And these were used as yield indices of the meteorological elements which indicate the degree of influence on rice yield. Assuming that the meteorological elements act multiplicatively and independently from each other, meteorological yield index (MIY) was calculated by the geometric mean of indices for each meteorological elements. MIY in each growth period showed good linear relationship with rice yield. The MIY's during 31 to 45 days after transplanting(DAT) in vegetative stage, during 30 to 16 days before heading (DBH) in reproductive stage and during 20 days after heading (DAH) in ripening stage showed greater explainablity for yield variation in each growth stage. MIY for the whole growth period was calculated by the following three methods of geometric mean of the indices for vegetative stage (MIVG), reproductive stage (HIRG) and ripening stage (HIRS). MI $Y_{I}$ was calculated by the geometric mean of meteorological indices showing the highest determination coefficient n each growth stage of rice. That is, (equation omitted) was calculated by the geometric mean of all the MIY's for all the growth periods devided into 15 to 20 days intervals from transplanting to 40 DAH. MI $Y_{III}$ was calculated by the geometric mean of MIY's for 45 days of vegetative stage (MIV $G_{0-45}$ ), 30 days of reproductive stage (MIR $G_{30-0}$) and 40 days of ripening stage (MIR $S_{0-40}$). MI $Y_{I}$, MI $Y_{II}$ and MI $Y_{III}$ showed good linear relationships with grain yield, the coefficients of determination being 0.651, 0.670 and 0.613, respectively.and 0.613, respectively.