• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.215-237
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• 2018

I analyze orange that is consistently used, even though not consciously, in the films whose function and meaning are clear. In detail, there are examples of color in films, psychological phenomena of colors expressed in posters and opening titles, color characteristics of clothes and costumes, and semiotic analysis of color names in film titles. (1) Fact and Truth; civilization and criticism. The film tries to tell the truth than the fact. It represents facts as it is, but it presupposes truth. This is a unique characteristic of media films. The truth of the fact is not important. The film tells the truth believing and wanting to show off. The film, which has inherent characteristics of the gap between fact and truth, represents nature and civilization. It carries nature as it is and criticizes the harm of civilization. Orange is nature and civilization. Realistic films such as Hong Sang Soo and Kim Ki Duk, fall into this category. For example, there are A Taxi Driver(2017) and I Can Speak(2017). (2) Virtual History; fake images and memories. In Hollywood SF genres like The Matrix(1999), orange was dealt with virtual reality. However, in Korean films they are replaced by historical dramas. The representation of history becomes a virtual reality. Films such as The Fortress(2017), Masquerade(2012), and Roaring Currents(2014) deal with virtual history. In these films, orange is a fake image and memory. (3) Light=color; Aura. The color and light of orange is aura. At sunrise and sunset, the orange of the incandescent light is almost similar to that of the artificial light. Orange of tungsten makes the real characters surrealistic and mysterious. For example, there are The City of Madness(2016), The Man from Nowhere(2010), and Coinlocker Girl(2014). (4) Fantasy; communication with other worlds. Orange is a sweet fantasy. In our daily life, we go to a supermarket, share a chat with friends in a coffee shop, and spend time in front of a television. Orange makes our life free and dreams. It is the communication between the former being and the other world. This can be found in the sexual fantasy scenes of all genres. For example, there are Sunny(2011), Welcome To Dongmakgol(2005), and 200 Pounds Beauty(2006).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2011

The official analytical method of residue pesticides in herbal medicines by KFDA cannot be applied to all of the pesticides and herbal medicines because of various active materials in herbal medicines and various physicochemical properties of pesticides. Moreover, liquid-liquid partition uses harmful solvents such as methylene chloride and is consuming a lot of time and effort. In order to improve the problems, we have studied for the availability of the analytical method applying the macroporous diatomaceous earth (MDE) column instead of liquid-liquid partition to simultaneously analyze five pesticides in two dried herbal medicines. The results showed that the recovery rates of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin in Astragalus root by GC/ECD ranged from 89.6 to 94.1%, from 86.8 to 94.4%, respectively, and those of bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos in Cnidii Rhizoma by GC/MS ranged from 83.6 to 88.4%, from 77.4 to 83.8%, from 82.6 to 84.3%, respectively. Also, the coefficients of variation (CV) for triplication ranged from 0.5 to 1.7%. The results satisfied the criteria of residue pesticide analysis, setting 70~120% for the recovery rate and below 10% for the coefficient of variation. The improved methods are safer to residue pesticide analysts, faster and less laborious than the KFDA official method.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2016

Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) has officially announced 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization - high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for analysis of formaldehyde. This study was conducted to develop a convenient derivatization method for cosmetics by improving complex pre-treatment procedures included in KFDA method. To simplify pre-treatment procedures of KFDA method, reaction conditions including pH, time and temperature were optimized. This pre-treatment method does not require complicate pre-treatment steps of KFDA method such as pH adjustment of test solution with acetate buffer (pH 5.0), solvent-solvent partitioning with dichloromethane and concentrating procedure with vacuum evaporator. Formaldehyde-dinitrophenylhydrazone (formaldehyde-DNP) product produced by derivatization reaction was separated and quantified with a reversed-phase HPLC, which was slightly modified with KFDA method. The linearity test showed good results with 0.9999 of correlation coefficient ($r^2$) in the range of 2 ~ 40 ppm of standard solutions. In this method, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values for formaldehyde were 0.2 ppm and 0.5 ppm, respectively. In addition, recovery test demonstrated that the method was also accurate and reproducible. Therefore, the proposed method can be applicable to rapid analysis of formaldehyde in cosmetics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 1998

Background: All currently available mechanical and bioprosthetic valves are associated with various types of deterioration leading to dysfunction and/or valvular complications. Reoperation on prosthetic heart valves is increasingly under consideration for both clinical and prophylactic indications. This review was conducted to determine the factors affecting the risk of reoperation for prosthetic valve replacement. Material and method: From January 1985 to July 1996, 124 patients underwent reoperation on prosthetic heart valves, and 3 patients had a second valve reoperation. The causes of reoperation were prosthetic valve failure(96 cases, 77.4%), prosthetic valve thrombosis(16 cases, 12.9%), prosthetic valve endocarditis(7 cases, 5.6%) and paravalvular leak(5 cases, 4.1%). This article is based on the analysis of the experience with particular emphasis on the preoperative risks affecting the outcome of the reoperation. Result: Overall hospital mortality rate was 8.9%(11/124). Low cardiac output was the most common cause of death(70.6%). Left ventricular systolic dimension(p=0.001), New York Heart Association functional class IV(p=0.003) and serum creatinine level(p=0.007) were the independent risk factors, but age, sex and cardiothoracic ratio did not have any influence on the operative mortality. Follow-up period was ranged from 3 to 141 months (mean, 50.6 months). A late mortality rate was 1.8%. Conclusion: The surgical risk of reoperation on heart valve prostheses in the advanced NYHA class patients is higher, therefore reoperation is recommended before the hemodynamic impairment become severe.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2003

신선농산물의 호홉속도를 측정하는 방법 중 하나인 개방계(open system) 호흡속도 측정시스템은 소정의 농도로 조정된 혼합기체를 측정대상시료에 흘려 보내며 측정하는 방법이다. 개방계 측정법의 장점은 혼합 기체조성 영역에서 정확한 호흡속도를 얻을 수 있으며 방치시간이 필요 없으므로 반복 측정이 용이한 것 등이다. 그러나 개방계 측정법은 공급되는 혼합기체의 농도와 유속이 일정하여야 하며 연속으로 호흡속도 측정용 챔버의 혼합기체 공급측과 배기측에서 기체시료를 수집하여 매우 미세한 기체농도의 차이를 측정할 수 있어야 하고 기체 시료 수집에 상당한 주의가 요구된다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위하여 개방계 호흡속도 측정 시스템을 자동화하였다. 자동화된 호흡속도 측정 시스템은 혼합기체 발생장치, 온도조절이 가능한 기체기밀용 챔버와 G.C로 구성되어 있다. 환경기체조성을 위한 혼합기체발생장치는 $N_2$, $O_2$, $CO_2$ 압축 실린더에서 공급되는 기체를 압력 조절기를 통해서 일차압력을 조정하고 정밀 압력 조절기를 이용하여 0.1~0.2 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 정압을 유지시켰다. 압력이 일정해진 기체는 metering valve를 이용하여 각 기체의 유량을 소정의 비율로 제어할 수 있도록 하였으며 각각의 기체는 gas mixed cell에서 실험 농도의 환경기체조성으로 혼합되어 항온기내의 호흡속도 측정 챔버($25^{\circ}C$)로 공급될 수 있도록 하였다. 호흡속도 측정용 챔버는 개스킷이 장착된 아크릴 재질이며 온도 조절이 가능한 항온기로 구성되어 있다. 호흡속도 측정용 챔버와 G.C간의 기체흐름은 three way solenoid valve에 의하여 제어되며 전원의 on/off에 따라 공급측의 가스와 배기측의 가스가 선택적으로 G.C에 공급될 수 있도록 구성하였다. 측정 대상 챔버의 기체는 제어된 유로를 따라 multi-position valve를 통과하여 G.C에서 분석되도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 개방계 호흡속도 자동 측정 시스템의 성능 실험에서 혼합기체발생장치에서 조제된 혼합 기체의 농도를 설정치와 비교한 결과 $O_2$와 $CO_2$의 농도에서 평균오차 0.2%로 정밀한 것으로 나타났으며 호흡속도 측정용 챔버의 혼합기체 공급측과 배기측의 가스 농도를 3회 반복 측정한 결과 재현성에서는 0.1%이하의 편차로 나타났다. 개방계 호흡속도 자동 측정 시스템을 이용하여 환경기체조성하에서 토마토의 호흡속도를 측정하는 실측 실험을 수행한 결과 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 12.7~42.1mg$CO_2$/kg.hr였으며 12$^{\circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

The failure of electronic instruments is mostly caused by heat and shock. This shock causes the crack initiation at the solder joint interface of PCB component which is closely related with the formation of intermetallic compound(IMC). The Ag content in Pb-free Sn-xAg-0.5Cu solder alloy used in this study was 1.0, 1.2 and 3.0 wt.%, respectively. After soldering with PCB component, isothermal aging was performed to 1000 hrs. The growth of IMC layer was observed during isothermal aging. The drop impact property of solder joint was evaluated by impact bending test method. The solder joint made with the solder containing lower Ag content showed better impact bending property compared with that with higher Ag content. On the contrary to this result, the solder joint made with solder containing higher Ag content showed better impact bending property after aging. It should be caused by the formation of fine $Ag_3Sn$, which relieved the impact. It showed consequently the different effect of fine $Ag_3Sn$ and coarse $Cu_6Sn_5$ particles formed in the IMC layer on the impact bending property.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth whitening efficacy of 2.9% hydrogen peroxide strip with primer gel of alkaline condition and containing metallic salts as catalyst in-vitro. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) disk was made by compressing and sintering 0.3 g of mixture of HAP powder and polyvinyl alcohol. This HAP disk was stained using modified Stookey's methods. Main bleaching materials were 2.9% hydrogen peroxide strips and the primer gel containing metallic salts as catalyst and pH controller. Stained HAP disks were allocated to each control or experimental groups by color grade. Stained HAP disks were treated for 30 minutes in $37^{\circ}C/80%$ incubator for wetting, then each primer gel according to control or each test group was spread and strips were attached. After 30 minutes for each group strips were detached and HAP disks were washed, dried then color was measured by colorimeter. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing ${\Delta}L$ values of HAP disks at baseline and after treated. Among some kinds of metallic salts for as catalyst, ferric chloride showed best improvement of efficacy and it was statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to control group. Evaluating whitening efficacy according to various pH of primer, efficacy using primer of alkaline condition was increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to control and primers of acidic or neutral conditions. Evaluating whitening efficacy for time course, efficacy of test group for 30 minutes was similar to that of control for 120 minutes. It can be concluded that 2.9% hydrogen peroxide strips using with primer of alkaline condition and containing ferric chloride showed significantly increased whitening efficacy compared to the case of strips only.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2018

Along with the recent increase in traffic volume of vehicles, accidents involving rollover of vehicles have been rapidly increased, resulting in an increase casualties. And to prevent this, various technologies such as vehicle crash test equipment and analysis program development have been advanced. In this study, the applied vehicle model is FORD EXPLORER model, and PC-Crash program for vehicle collision analysis is used to predict the rollover accident behavior of SUV and the collision velocity. Compared with the actual rollover behavior of SUV through the FMVSS No 208 regulations, the analysis results showed similar results, the characteristics of the collision velocity and roll angle showed a tendency that the error rate slightly increased after 1000 msec. Then, as a result of considering using the database of NHTSA, it is shown that the rollover accident occur most frequently in the range of the collision velocity of 15~77 km/h and the collision angle of $22{\sim}74^{\circ}$. And it is possible to estimate the vehicle speed and collision time when the vehicle roof is broken by reconstructing the vehicle starting position, the roof failure position and the stop position by applying the actual accident case.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.401-414
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• 2014

In an attempt to evaluate licorice quality based on its biological activity, we grafted an on-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) bioassay method into the previously established HPLC analysis method. The common antioxidant peaks in licorices of various origin were observed through an on-line HPLC/DPPH system leading to a decrease in absorbance at 517 nm for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Among them, the licorice from Youngju possessed the highest activity. Therefore, three active standard compounds from the dehydroglyasperin C, dehydroglyasperin D, and isoangustone A, were isolated and elucidated by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and instrumental analysis such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. On-line HPLC/ABTS analysis method with the simultaneous determination of three standard compounds and their radical scavenging activity was established for the quality evaluation of licorices. 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals (ABTS) which is stable and effective was used in replace of DPPH. The radical scavenging activity of three standards is compared with that of Trolox, known as antioxidant, showing a negative peak with a decrease in absorbance at 734 nm for ABTS. This on-line HPLC/ABTS analysis method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy in compliance with international conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

Collagen peptide plays a protective role in skin by increasing the activity of antioxidant, acts like an activator of skin regeneration by positive feedback and is used as a potent candidate for cosmetics or functional food. GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors of both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal processes in vertebrates, is also involved in the synthesis of melatonin and might exert regulatory effects on sleep and reproductive functions. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of a mixture of collagen peptide and GABA (J85091900) on skin and sleep condition in woman experiencing sleep disorder. We found that oral supplement with J85091900 significantly decreased the value of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), increased sleeping time by 7%, and also improved skin roughness (Ra, Rz, Rt), periorbital wrinkle (Ra, Rt), and skin capacitance in human. These findings indicate that dual strategy with which skin improvement is accomplished using collagen peptide and sleeping well is acquired using GABA could be the novel solution for sleeping beauty by edible cosmetics to improve skin status.