• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 1992

Background: There were many reports about the clinical aspect and outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis in health center but few in a medium sized general hospital. The purposes of this study were to find any characteristic differencies in the patients and the general outcomes of the treatments and also to give some suggestive points for the insurance policy making. Methods: We made a retrograde analysis of the medical records of 1981 patients (male 992 female 1,059) who attended our clinics of the 4th internal department, Daedong general hospital during two years from January 1989 to December 1990. Result: 1) Of 1981 patients, 96 were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis taking relatively large proportion in the prevalence. The ratio of prevalence between male and female was 7.81% to 2.27%. The 61.46% were the first diagnosis & initial treatment cases and the remaining 38.54% were the retreatment cases with no statistical significance between sex. 2) The most prevalent age group was between 21~40 years old and the prevalence rate was 45.45% of male and 76.76% of female. The lowest age group in male patient was above 61 showed 3.03%, and there was no female patients above age 60 years old. This phenomena could be thought as the negligence for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the old age groups rather than true tuberculosis prevalence and it could be proved by the higher rates towards old age groups in the national tuberculosis prevalence survey. 3) There were 57.07% of the minimal case, 48.96% of the moderate, 18.75% of the far advanced. The sputum examination showed 37.07% were culture positive, 46.88% were the negative, and 15.63% of the patients had no stutum examination. Moreover, uncoperatives among the far advanced cases were notable showing 22.22% of the stutum examination, where 16.13% in the minimal cases. The stutum positive rate among the initial treatment cases were 41.07% and 55.00% for the retreatment cases. The sputum no examination rates were 17.86% and 12.50% respectively. 4) The classfication of the mode of disease onset showed 68.75% with gradual onset, 9.38% hemoptic, 3.13% acute pneumonic and 18.75% was found through the radiologic examination in various occasions. 5) The percentages of patients who continued their treatment for more than 8 month were 35.71% (for initial treatment), 25.00% (for retrement), 16.13% (for the minimal), 27.78% (for the far advanced). 6) The group of patients who were treated more than 8 months showed the negative conversion rate of 80% on sputum and marked improvement on chest x-ray in 56.67%. However, in far advanced or retreatment cases, the rate of negative conversion on sputum and the rate of improvement on chest x-ray were low being 60% and 20% for the former and 60% and 10% for the latter, each respectively. Conclusion: It would be strongly emphasized that the improvement of National medical insurance system and social welfare system in Korea must be definite to improve overall treatment and control of tuberculosis diseases as well as physician's devotious National tuberculosis control policy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 1992

Background:In the management of patients whose primary chemotherapy has failed, very careful assessment is essential. It is important to find out as accurate a chemotherapy history as possible. Preferably it should contain the drugs which has never used before. The present report concerns the results of retreatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated at National Kongju Tuberculosis Hospital. Method: A retrospective study was made through the regular follow-up of 112 smear positive cases, who were treated by four-drug regimen between July 1985 and June 1990. Four drugs were, namely prothionamide, cycloserine, para-aminosalicylic acid, and streptomycin (kanamycin or tuber-actinomycin). The duration of follow-up was over one year. Results: 1) Out of 112 cases with positive sputum AFB smear, 72 (64%) achieved the negative conversion. 2) Among the 72 patients, 85% achieved negative conversion within 3 months after treatment. 3) When the duration of patient's illness was less than 2 years, 2 to 4 years and more than 5 years, the favourable response to retreatment was 86%, 62% and 54%, respectively. 4) When the number of sensitive drugs was 4,3,2 and 1, the favourable response rate was 74%, 68%, 39% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: The shorter the duration of patient's illness was, the larger the number of sensitive drugs was. And the larger the number of sensitive drugs was, the better the result of treatment was. Thus it is very crucial to successfully treat newly discovered patients with adequate regimens and proper case-holding.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the success rate of intentionally replanted mandibular second molar with C-shaped canal configurations and to access the impact of preoperative periapical lesion on the success of intentional replantation procedure. Materials and Methods: This retrospective chart review study evaluated 52 intentionally replanted mandibular second molar teeth treated at Seoul National University Dental Hospital Department of Conservative Dentistry from January 2005 to December 2007. Seventeen teeth were lost for the follow-up, and another 6 teeth did not meet inclusion criteria of C-shaped root canal configurations. Healing outcome such as success, uncertain healing, and failure after follow-up was evaluated by clinical criteria and radiographs. Results: The overall success rate was 72.4% for the 29 intentionally replanted C-shaped mandibular second molars. The success rate of replanted teeth with preoperative periapical lesions was similar to that of replanted teeth which have no periapical lesions. Conclusions: Therefore, root canal treatment failure on C-shaped mandibular second molar can be predictably treated by intentional replantation regardless of the presence of periapical lesion.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.3 s.30
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

통과대설기적외과의적급기내용적연구(通過對薛己的外科醫籍及其內容的硏究), 득출이하결론(得出以下結論): 1. 설기소저외과의적중최조편찬적시(薛己所著外科醫籍中最早編纂的時)${\lceil}$외과심법(外科心法)${\lrcorner}$(1528년(年)), 지후편찬적차서시(之後編纂的次序是)${\ulcorner}$외과발휘(外科發揮)${\lrcorner}$(1528년(年)), ${\ulcorner}$외과경험방(外科經驗方)${\lrcorner}$(1528년(年)), ${\ulcorner}$외과추요(外科樞要)${\lrcorner}$(1545년(年)), ${\ulcorner}$여양기요${\lrcorner}$(1554년(年)). 2. 설기개변이왕양의수증처방적악습(薛己改變以往瘍醫隨症處方的惡習), 파변증론치인용도료외과임상상(把辨證論治引用到了外科臨床上). 3. 재망진방면불근중시료국부적진찰(在望診方面不僅重視了局部的診察), 이차중시관찰전신적상태(而且重視觀察全身的狀態); 환중시료사진합참(還重視了四診合參), 우기중시료망진화절진(尤其重視了望診和切診). 4. 재치료방면령활지운용료소통(在治療方面靈活地運用了疏通), 발산(發散). 화해(和解), 보탁(補托), 온보등방법(溫補等方法), 이차환사용료침(而且還使用了針), 폄, 구(灸), 위등외치법(慰等外治法). 5. 설기소저적(薛己所著的)${\ulcorner}$여양기요${\lrcorner}$시일부조기간행적미풍병전저(是一部早期刊行的麻風病專著).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2008

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are serious threats to worldwide tuberculosis control, but the national burden and the trends of infectious spread are largely unknown. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the results of drug sensitivity tests and medical records of patients that were diagnosed with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and were admitted to the National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital between 2001 and 2005. Results: From 2001 to 2005, the proportion of MDR-TB among new cases was 9.2%, 13.8%, 16.9%, 23% and 27.0% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases was 58.5%, 60.2%, 62.7%, 61.7% and 71.3% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. A significant increasing trend could be discerned for MDR-TB among both new and previously treated cases (p<0.001, p=0.002 for trend, respectively). The proportion of XDR-TB among new cases was 0%, 2.3%, 3.1%, 2.5% and 6.3% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the proportion of XDR-TB among previously treated cases was 9.1%, 15.7%, 17.3%, 19.9% and 19.1% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. A significant increasing trend could be discerned for XDR-TB among both new and previously treated cases (p=0.005, p<0.001 for trend, respectively). Conclusion: Both MDR-B and XDR-TB were gradually increased among both new and previously treated cases. Integrated national surveillance, including the public and private sectors, will be needed to estimate the exact status of antituberculous drug resistance.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.2 s.29
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• pp.70-84
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• 2005

장석순(張錫純)$(1860{\sim}1933)$시청말민초시기적의가(是淸末民初時期的醫家), 통과대기소저(通過對其所著)${\ulcorner}$의학충중참서록(醫學衷中參西錄)${\lrcorner}$적제오기제삼권중(的第五期第三卷中), 관우(關于)'논간병치법'(論肝病治法)내용적연구(內容的硏究), 소득출적결론시(所得出的結論是), 기대간병적치법가개괄위평간법(其對肝病的治法可槪括爲平肝法), 산간법(散肝法), 화간법(化肝法), 유간법(柔肝法), 진간법(鎭肝法), 염간법(斂肝法), 보간법(補肝法), 완간법등팔법(緩肝法等八法). 평간법인위(平肝法認爲), 인지원기찰근우신, 맹아우간이유약역손(萌芽于肝而柔弱易損), 고불가관파간기(故不可關破肝氣). 차내경중(且內經中)'궐음불치(厥陰不治), 구지양명(求之陽明)'여금궤중(與金櫃中)'당선실비(當先實脾)', 도이서조간기위관건(都以舒調肝氣爲關鍵), 인차이승강탕여배비서간탕등립방(因此以昇降湯與培脾舒肝湯等立方), 차작위평간약중시료계지(且作爲平肝藥重視了桂枝). 산간법인위(散肝法認爲), 간위목장(肝爲木臟), 구유직향이성향상신전(具有直向而性向上伸展), 소이부응기성(所以符應其性), 이용신미산지(而用辛味散之), 즉가위보법(卽可爲補法). 작위산간약(作爲散肝藥), 기선용인진여맥아(其善用茵蔯與麥芽). 화간법시재간체증대(化肝法是在肝體增大), 혹간중유열(或肝中有熱), 혹간기울체(或肝氣鬱滯), 혹옹창시(或壅脹時), 작위산간달울지법(作爲散肝達鬱之法), 사용료시호(使用了柴胡), 유향(乳香), 몰약(沒藥), 차이활혈약당좌약사용적치법(且以活血藥當佐藥使用的治法), 우기중시료삼칠근(尤其重視了三七根). 유간법시근거(柔肝法是根據)'간악조희윤(肝惡燥喜潤), 조칙간체판경이간화간기즉망동(燥則肝體板硬而肝火肝氣卽妄動), 윤칙간체유화이간화간기장영정(潤則肝體柔和而肝火肝氣長寧靜)'적이론(的理論), 인위재치료중가선용당귀(認爲在治療中可選用當歸), 작약(芍藥), 백자인(柏子仁), 현삼(玄蔘), 구기자(枸杞子), 아교(阿膠), 별갑(鱉甲), 단불가장기사용(但不可長期使用). 기진간법시(其鎭肝法是), 재치료경간(在治療驚癎), 전광(癲狂), 현운(眩暈), 뇌충혈제증시(腦充血諸證時), 작위대표처방선용료진간식풍탕(作爲代表處方選用了鎭肝熄風湯). 염간법시근거기(斂肝法是根據其)'범인원기지탈(凡人元氣之脫), 개탈재간(皆脫在肝)'적독특이론(的獨特理論), 이내복탕등작위대표처방진행치료적방법(以來復湯等作爲代表處方進行治療的方法), 차대제양사용료산수유(且大劑量使用了山茱萸). 보간법시재간기허약이실기조달시사용적치법(補肝法是在肝氣虛弱而失其條達時使用的治法), 인위황기시보간적주약. 완간법시의거(緩肝法是依據)‘간고급(肝苦急), 급식감이완지(急食甘以,緩之)'지설이정적치법(之說而定的治法), 인위단미감초시대표약(認爲單味甘草是代表藥).

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2012

Cryosurgery is a safe method for palliation of endobronchial malignancies causing airway obstruction. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness for controlling bleeding, endobronchial cryosurgery is considered to be a good method that is clinically applicable to a malignant endobronchial tumor. In cases with stenosis caused by an endoluminal tumor, cryo-recanalization with a cryoprobe was immediately effective in most of the patients. A novel technique described by Hetzel in 2004 to achieve rapid recanalization of central airway obstruction with endobronchial cryoprobe. Cryorecanalization technique is feasible and offers many advantages in the interventional therapy of malignant intraluminal tumors of the respiratory tract.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case of a child with alopecia areata who was reintroduced with the same herbal treatment that was used before. Methods The patient was treated for 10 months with the herbal medicine. After a relapse, this patient took the same herbal medicine for another 2 months. Results After the treatment, the patient's hair loss and hair conditions were improved. After a relapse, alopecia areata was resolved by reintroducing the same herbal medicine treatment, and the condition was maintained well for several months even after the end of the treatment. Conclusion This study shows the effects of the herbal medicine for alopecia areata in a child. However, further studies are needed, including long-term follow-up studies after the end of the treatment.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.1 s.28
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• pp.7-32
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• 2005

청대적명의오국통(淸代的名醫吳摘通), 불근시'온병'제가(不僅是'溫病'諸家), 우시관어림상각과논치적명가(又是關於臨床各科論治的名家). 관어(關於)${\ulcorner}$온병조변${\lrcorner}$(溫病條辨)상온병학(上溫病學)술리논적특정(術理論的特征), 정리여하(整理如下). 대온병병인(對溫病病因), 파융합제가문학설(把融合諸家們學說), 규명시종일관(糾明始終一貫), 제시료정상화비정상적'복기'(提示了正常和非正常的'伏氣'), '사천시영현행지기'('司天時令現行之氣'), '려기'인기온병적삼도인치온'지학설('戾氣'引起溫病的三圖因致溫'之學說). 吸收諸家們的長處(흡수제가문적장처), 創案'三焦辨證'濃體系(창안'삼초변증'농체계). 수선(首先), 타이'삼초'위강영구분병위적상하(他以'三焦'爲綱領區分病位的上下), 천채(淺採), 기차이'륙경'위구별설명장역부화경락적불동(其次以'六經'爲區別說明?驛腑和經絡的不同), 재일차이'위기영혈'(在一次以'衛氣營血') 구별료표리적선후(區別了表裏的先後). 우용횡향급종향논술료온사적전변규률(又用橫向及縱向論述了溫邪的傳變規律), 최후제시료'치상초여우(最後提示了'治上焦如羽), 비경불거(非輕不擧). 치중초여형(治中焦如衡), 비평불안(非平不安). 치하초여권(治下焦如權), 비중불침(非重不沈).'적약물치료원칙(的藥物治療原則). 재질병적변별구분'온열'화'습열'(在疾病的辨別區分'溫熱'和'濕熱'), 재약물적사용상구별'강조'화'유윤'(在藥物的使用上區別'剛燥'和'柔潤'), 저우시오씨적온병학술특징지일(這又是吳氏的溫病學術特徵之一). 재치법(在治法), 방제(方劑), 약양(藥量), 전법(煎法), 복법(服法), 음식(飮食), 조양등적온병치료방면(調養等的溫病治療方面), 제시료광범위적'금기'학설(提示了廣範圍的'禁忌'學說). 타심각적감각도료오치온병적결과(他深刻的感覺到了誤治溫病的結果), 위료방지오치(爲了防止誤治), 관전치료'금기'(灌展治療'禁忌'), 현재야필요준수적충분적가치(現在也必要遵守的充分的價値).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2006

Background : Even though tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public concern in Korea, there is little data on the management of TB patients and its outcomes in the private sector. This study evaluated the status of TB treatment in the private sector. Methods : Sixteen-hundred-sixty-six TB patients who were notified in a private university hospital from 2001 to 2002 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into pulmonary ($TB_P$), extrapulmonary ($TB_E$), and combined ($TB_{P+E}$) groups, and were also divided into initial and retreatment groups. The clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment regimens, and outcomes were analyzed and compared. Results : The mean age of the 1,666 patients was 48.9 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. The number of patients in the initial and retreatment groups of $TB_P$, and those of ($TB_E+TB_{P+E}$) were 809, 276, 480, 101, respectively. A bacteriological study was performed in 92.0% of cases, and a positive culture was confirmed in 58.1% and 31.7% of patients with TBP and ($TB_E+TB_{P+E}$), respectively (p<0.05). The AFB smear was positive in 45.4 % of the $TB_P$ patients. PCR was carried out in 60.4% of the ($TB_E+TB_{P+E}$) group. The MDR was detected in 14.0% of isolates. Overall, the treatment completion, default, and death rates were 70.2%, 13.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Conclusion : Even though the management of TB patients in a private hospital was satisfactory in terms of the national guidelines, the high default rate was is still a problem. Efforts to decrease the default rate either independently or in cooperation with the public sector will be needed.