• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.497-497
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• 1997

간질성폐질변(間質性肺疾變)은 결체조직질병(結締組織疾病)의 상견(常見)되는 병발증(倂發證)이지만, 지금까지는 이상적(理想的)인 치료법(治療法)이 없었다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 본병(本病)의 병리기전(病理機轉)이 중의(中醫)에서의 "어혈(瘀血)"증(證) 상호(相互) 유사(類似)한 것으로부터 시작(始作)하여, 중의(中醫)의 "활혈화어법(活血化瘀法)"과 결합(結合)하여 치료(治療)하면서 환자(患者)의 폐기능(肺氣能) 검사결과(檢査結果)의 변화(變化)를 추적(追跡)해, 그 치료효과(治療效果)에 대(對)한 평가(評價)를 내리는 작업(作業)으로 이루어졌다. 먼저 풍습과(風濕科)에 의뢰(依賴)하여 결체조직질병(結締組織疾病)에 간질성폐병(間質性肺病)이 병발(倂發)한 환자(患者)를 선별(選別)한 후(後)에, 서의치료(西醫治療) 통(通)해서 그 원발성(原發性) 질병(疾病)이 은정(隱靜)한 상태(狀態)에까지 이르도록 한 후(後), 필요(必要)한 최저량(最低量)의 서의약(西醫藥)만을 유지(維持)케 하였다. 환자(患者)의 의사(意舍)에 따라서 두 개의 조(組)로 나누어, 실험군(實驗群)은 중의(中醫)에서 회진(會診)하고, Raynaud 증후군(症候群)의 유무(有無)에 따라서, 당귀사역탕(當歸四逆湯) 혹(或)은 혈부축어탕(血府逐瘀湯)을 농축분제(濃縮粉劑)로 투여(投與)하며 연속(連續)하여 6개월간(個月間) 치료(治療)하였다. 대조군(對照群)의 경우(境遇)에는 중의(中醫)가 회진(會診)하지 않았다. 14개월(個月)동안 모두 실험군(實驗群) 23례(例)와 대조군(對照群) 16례(例)를 대상(對象)으로 연구(硏究)를 하였는데, 모두 여성환자(女性患者)였다. 압축성폐용량(壓軸性肺用量)(FVC), 폐총용량(肺總用量)(TCL), carbon monoxide에 대(對)한 폐(肺)의 확산능력(擴散能力)(DLCO), 그리고 폐포공기량(肺泡空氣量)(VA)에 대(對) DCLO의 비(比)를 지표(指標)로 삼아, 폐기능(肺氣能)의 손상정도(損傷程度)에 따라서 box plot으로 분석(分析)하고, 폐기능(肺氣能)의 손상(損傷)을 측정(測定)하는 시스템을 만들었다. 실험결과(實驗結果), 실험군(實驗群)이 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)해서 치료(治療) 전(前)보다 명현(明顯)한 개선(改善)이 있었다. 폐기능(肺氣能)을 검사(檢査)한 수치(數値)들을 일반적(一般的)으로 통계처리(統計處理)한 것을 응용(應用)하고, TCL과 FVC의 모형식(模型式)을 만든 결과(結果), 실험군(實驗群)에서 FVC가 치료과정(治療過程)의 기간(其間)과 정비례(正比例)하여 향상(向上)되고, 또한 치료효과(治療效果)가 명현(明顯)하게 나타나기 시작(始作)하는 시기(時期)가 중의(中醫) 치료과정(治療過程)을 거친 실험군(實驗群)의 제(第)12개(個)에서 DLCO와 DLCO/VA의 향상(向上)이 나타나는 시기(時期)와 거의 일치(一致)하는 것을 발견(發見)하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the habitat use of White-naped Cranes Grus vipio in Han river estuary during the wintering period from 2006 to 2008 (October$\sim$March). The average numbers of wintering White-naped Cranes were 106.6$\pm$21.7 (Mean$\pm$SD) individuals, and the highest number of 140 individuals were recorded in the early January, 2008. The wintering habitat use of White-naped Cranes between rice field and mudflat was not significantly different (Mann-Whitney test. p=0.40) during the wintering period. However, White-naped Cranes spent more time on the rice field in the early winter (p<0.01), and on the mudflat in the late winter(p<0.01). There was not a difference of the habitat use rate on middle winter. White-naped cranes used four different sites of rice field: Hongdopyoung, Pyoungdong, Ihwadong and Janghang rice fields. Among them, Hongdopyoung was the main foraging site. There was significant differences of habitat use ratio in the early and mid winter ((Kruskal-wallis test. p<0.01). White-naped Cranes used mudflat area from Gimpo Daegyo to Nusanri of Han river estuary. Especially, they preferred four sites from Gimpo Daegyo to Ilsan Daegyo more than the other sites. Habitat use rate of mud flats were significantly different among each site during the wintering period (Kruskal-wallis test. p<0.01)

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.113-125
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• 2015

Information Security Incidents that have recently happen rapidly spread and the scale of that incidents' damage is large. In addition, as it proceeds to the era of converged industry in the future environment and the virtual cyber world expands to the physical world, new types of security threats have occurred. Now, it is time to supply security professionals who have a multi-dimensional security capabilities that can manage the strategies of technological security and physical security from the management point of view, rather than the ones who primarily focus on the traditional technologic-centered strategies to solve new types of security threats. In conclusion, in this paper we try to produce the curriculum of information security featured in the occupational classification system and analyze the subjects that are additionally required for those who move to other occupations to cultivate security professionals who suited to the converged-industrial environment. It is expected that multi-dimensional security professionals who suited to the converged-industrial environment will be cultivated by harmoniously integrating information security subjects from technological and business/managerial perspectives, and education training courses will be developed that effectively provide core knowledges per occupational classification when people moves to other occupations in the areas of information security.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2015

Recently, new information security vulnerabilities have proliferated with the convergence of information security environments and information and communication technology. Accordingly, new types of cybercrime are on the rise, and security breaches and other security-related incidents are increasing rapidly because of security problems like external cyberattacks, leakage by insiders, etc. These threats will continue to multiply as industry and technology converge. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to design and present security subjects in order to train professional security management talent who can deal with the enhanced threat to information. To achieve this, the study first set key information security topics for business settings on the basis of an analysis of preceding studies and the results of a meeting of an expert committee. The information security curriculum taxonomy is developed with reference to an information security job taxonomy for domestic conditions in South Korea. The results of this study are expected to help train skilled security talent who can address new security threats in the future environment of industrial convergence.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2011

Potential risk of heavy metals to various receptors including humans depends on the bioavailability of the heavy metals in soil. In this study, the heavy metal extraction methods using 0.1N HCl and aqua regia were compared with the Tessier's sequential extraction method to assess whether these two methods can be used to determine the plant-available heavy metal concentrations. The contamination characteristics of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) found in soils collected from 75 sites around the closed Janghang smelter were analyzed by extracting heavy metals using 0.1 N HCl, aqua regia, and the Tessier's sequential extraction method. The portion of metals bioavailable to plants is considered as the sum of the fraction 1 (exchangeable) and the fraction 2 (carbonates binding) of the Tessier's 5-step sequential extraction method, which were determined to be 3.1 ${\pm}$ 3.82, 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.15, 20.6 ${\pm}$ 18.78, and 7.0 ${\pm}$ 6.48 mg/kg for Cu, Cd, Pb, and As, respectively, in this study. When the extraction using aqua regia and the Tessier's extraction method were compared, the extracted Cu and Pb concentrations did not show significant differences, whereas the extracted Cd and As concentrations showed significant differences. These results indicate that the portion of Cd and As in the fraction 5 of the Tessier's sequential extraction can not be extracted using aqua regia. Using aqua regia, which is the official test method, higher concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and As were extracted than the sum of the fraction 1 and 2. The results show that only 9, 40, 39 and 10% of Cu, Cd, Pb and As using aqua regia can be uptaken by plants (i.e., plant-available). Using 0.1N HCl, the portion of Cd equivalent to about 66% the fraction 1 could be extracted, while, with Pb, the portion of the fraction 1 and about 90% of the fraction 2 could be extracted. With As, the portion equivalent to the fraction 1, 2 and 79% of the fraction 3 was extracted, while with Cu, the portion equivalent to the fraction 1, 2, 3 and 20% of the fraction 4 was extracted using 0.1N HCl.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 1998

An epidemiological survey was performed to know the infection status of oysters with Gwmnophclloides seoi metacercariae in 7 islands of the West Sea known as the habitat of paleartic oystercatchers . Hcemntopus ostralegus osculans, in Korea. The surveyed areas were Aphaedo (Shinan-gun. Chollanam-do) Jangiado, Sonyudo and Munyodo (Okdo-myon, Kunsan-shi, Chollabuk-do), Yubudo (Changhang-up, Sochon-gun Chungchongnam-do), and Polumdo and Chumoondo (Sodo-myon, Kangwha-gup, Inchon ski). The oysters collected from Aphaedo, the known endemic focus, were examined monthly from August 1995 to October 1996 for observation of any seasonal variation of the metacercarial density. The average metacercarial burden was 761-2,077 by month, but the seasonal variation of the metacercarial density was not obvious. A total of 54 metacercariae was detected in 63 oysters collected from Yubudo. Out of 30 oysters from Sonyudo, 25 (83.3%) were infected with 1-66 metacercariae (12.6 in average). All of 50 oysters (100%) from Munyodo were infected with 3-162 metacercariae (53.5 in average), Only 4 metacercariae were detected in 100 oysters from Chumoondo. However, no metacercariae were found in 55 oysters from .Tangjado and 50 oysters from Polumdo. From the above results, it was confirmed that G. seoi is still highly prevalent in oysters from Aphaedo, and several islands of the West Sea known as the habitats of paleartic oystercatchers are new endemic areas of this fluke.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

With the development of information technology (IT), various information systems (IS) such as Web-based systems and mobile systems have appeared utilizing different technologies. However, recent studies on IS use and user satisfaction rarely account for technological differences among IS and environmental characteristics where IS are intended to be used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the determinants of the use of Web-based ticketing systems for cultural activities and to empirically validate their relationships. Environmental psychology suggests that human beings respond to external stimuli from environments with their emotions, and their emotional states influence human actions, e.g., IS use in this research. Applying environmental psychology to the use of Web-based systems in the culture and entertainment industry, we propose that web site characteristics first influence a user's internal state of mind (i.e., flow) and then the flow state influences the IS use. Studies related to the state of flow collectively affirm the key role played by the flow construct in shaping individual attitudes and behaviors toward IS. Users' flow states are captured by their shopping enjoyment, perceived behavioral control, and the level of concentration on the IS use. Referring to social presence theory, we have included such web site characteristics as content quality, context of web site, and community quality. In our research model, a second order construct is utilized to represent web site quality, because flow theory suggests that holistic experiences with web-based systems (rather than individual characteristics of the web site) are important in explaining the IS use. Further, we have included trust as another important factor influencing the IS use since business transactions on the web encompass higher uncertainty comparing to offline transactions. In order to test our hypotheses, we have conducted an online survey which results in 1,141 valid responses in the final sample. The data were collected from respondents who have experiences in Internet ticketing systems. Although it was a convenient sample, the sample represents a wide variety of user demographics. Validity and reliability of the research instrument were tested and research hypotheses were examined using PLS Graph 3.0. The results indicate that web site characteristics significantly influence the level of user concentration, user's enjoyment in shopping, and perceived behavioral control. Further, the use of Internet ticketing systems is influenced by users' flow states and trust in the web channel. User satisfaction is turned out to be affected by the use of Internet ticketing systems. Unlike extant research on the relationship between web site characteristics and its use, our study has found that, in the culture and entertainment industry, the impact of web site characteristics on IS use is mediated by a user's flow state. This finding has a practical implication that web site design should include as many features that enhance shopping enjoyment and concentration. Other practical implications of these findings and future research implications are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-347
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• 1985

Soils and rice plants subject to smoke from the Jang-hang Smelter were samples at two depths to assess the nature and extend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contamination, particularly with respect to distance from pollution source. Soils at east site within 1km of the center of the smelter were highly contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Metal levels in the smoke-polluted area were higher in surface soil than in subsurface soil, and decreased rapidly with distance reaching nearly background levels at 5km from pollution source. A position correlation was found between contents of total and 0.1 N HCl-extractable, or 1.0N $CH_3COONH_4$- extractable heavy metals in surface soils of pollution. Contents of heavy metals in soils were positively correlated with soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The contents of heavy metals in brown rice collected from the paddy field around the Jang-hang Smelter were in the range of 0.23-1.33 ppm for Cd, 2.39-6.25 for Cu, 0.95-8.32 ppm for Pb and 14.60-27.31 for Zn. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in rice straw were positively correlated with those in the brown rice. Negative correlation was found between the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in brown rice and the distance from the source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.527-537
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• 2018

Column tests of a sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) bioreactor were conducted to determine the design factors for sulfate-rich mine drainage. Various substrates were applied to the bioreactor, including cow manure and its mixture with a mushroom compost, with rice straw and limestone as subsidiary materials. This procedure provided a removal efficiency of up to 82% of the total sulfur with the mixture of cow manure (70%), mushroom compost (10%) and rice straw (20%), and higher efficiencies were observed after 2 days of retention time. In the downflow condition of the flow direction, oxygen supply and re-oxidation of the sulfates occurred, causing a decrease in sulfate removal efficiency. The addition of an inorganic sludge containing heavy metals, which was intended for production of metal-sulfides in the bioreactor, had a negative effect on the long-term operation owing to arsenic release and toxicity to the SRB. The results thus show that a bioreactor using a mixed substrate with cow manure and operating in the downflow direction could reduce sulfates and total dissolved sulfur content; this process confirms the applicability of the SRB bioreactor to sulfate-rich saline drainage.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-206
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• 2018

As the era of $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution has arrived, education systems are changing in order to prepare for the changes on technological environment. Recently in the education field, flipped learning, which focus on learner-centered with an active communication is suggested, rather than the existing teaching method, which had the characteristic of simply delivering a knowledge. In this research, case study of analyzing a learning effect done by applying a flipped learning on the study of Industrial Security which has the characteristics of timeliness and can accordingly reflect the characteristics of $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution. In detail, the concept of the study of Industrial Security and flipped learning was arranged, analyzed a current state of education on the study of Industrial Security and exemplary of flipped learning applied class and designed the methodology of flipped learning of this research. Nextly, designed flipped learning method was applied in the actual class of the study of Industrial Security. Lastly, survey and interview was conducted targeting a learner and deducted an implications. The results of survey showed that class participation has increased through active interactions between learners, and flexible learning environments was created which is appropriate for the characteristics of industrial security, which is in need of timeliness response against to diverse security threats of $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution, and regarded a flipped learning to be appropriate for the study of Industrial security.