• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.58-68
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• 2014

Transverse steel bars are used in the plastic hinge zone of columns to insure adequate confinement, prevention of longitudinal bar buckling and ductile behavior. Fabrication and placement of rectangular hoops and cross-ties in columns are difficult to construct and require larger amount of transverse steels. In this paper, to solve these problems, the new lateral confinement method using oblong hoop is proposed for the transverse confinement of columns of the oblong cross-section and flared column. The experimental study for octagonal oblong cross-section was carried out by the flared columns test in strong axis. The lateral confinement method using proposed oblong hoop detail showed satisfactory performance of lateral confinement. Therefore it can be the alternative for oblong cross-section and flared column with improved workability and cost-efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Transverse steel bars are used in the plastic hinge zone of columns to insure adequate confinement, prevention of longitudinal bar buckling and ductile behavior. Fabrication and placement of rectangular hoops and cross-ties in columns are difficult to construct. Details of reinforcement for rectangular section require a lot of rectangular hoops and cross-ties. In this paper, to solve these problems, the new lateral confinement method using oblong hoop is proposed for the transverse confinement of the flared column. It can be the alternative for oblong cross-section and flared column with improved workability and cost-efficiency. The final objectives of this study are to suggest appropriate oblong hoop details and to provide quantitative reference data and tendency for seismic performance or damage assessment based on the drift levels such as residual deformation, elastic strain energy. This paper describes factors of seismic performance such as ultimate displacement/drift ratio, displacement ductility, response modification factor, equivalent viscous damping ratio and effective stiffness.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 1997

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the rectangular stiffened plates with two opposite ends elastically restrained and the others simply supported subjected to in-plane bending by Finite Element Method. Another objective is to develope Classical Method analyzing the unstiffened rectangular plates with the above boundary conditions. In order to validate finite element and classical methods, the buckling strengths of the rectangular plates with four simply supported ends, and with two simply supported and the others fixed ends by finite element method and classical method are compared with those of references. In finite element method, elastically restrained ends can be obtained as considering torsional and warping rigidities of end stiffeners. The buckling strengths of the rectangular plates with elastically restrained ends by finite element and classical methods are calculated and compared with each other. In case of stiffened plates, to validate finite element method, the buckling strengths of the rectangular stiffened plates with four simply supported ends, and with two simply supported and the others fixed ends are also compared with those of references. The buckling strengths of the rectangular stiffened plates with elastically restrained ends by finite element method are calculated as solving eigenvalue problems which are obtained as assembling rectangular plate elements and beam elements considered torsional and warping rigidities. The buckling strengths of rectangular stiffened plates according to various positions of rectangular intermediate stiffener, J and I/sub w/ of end stiffeners are also obtained, which are compared to determine the efficient position of intermediate stiffener.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.85-89
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• 2000

In this paper, by extending the previously developed self- and mutual-radiation impedance calculation method for a regular-square vibrating surface by using numerical series, we proposed a method to obtain the self-radiation impedance of a rectangular transducer with an arbitrary integer ratio of the length to width. The proposed method exhibits high accuracy and a short computation time. After investigating the accuracy and computation time as the number of elements changes, we have calculated the self-radiation impedance of several rectangular transducers, and compared the results with those in the literature.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.443-446
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• 2000

본 연구는 과학적이고 실험적인 접근을 통하여 공간의 비례와 실내음향과의 상관관계를 규명하기 위하여 체적과 마감재료가 같고 비슷한 기본축척의 모델을 중심으로 가로, 세로, 높이의 비율이 다른 4개의 모델에서 각각 SPL, EDT, C, RT, LEF, IACC 등을 측정하여 각 형태의 모델의 값을 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 잔향은 동일한 체적인 경우 음원으로부터 평균거리가 멀리 위치한 장방형의 형태가 양쪽 측벽 사이의 거리가 넓은 장방형보다 잔향시간이 긴 것으로 나타났다. 음압은 실의 체적이 작고 음원으로부터의 평균거리가 짧은 순서로 큰 반면, 명료도는 잔향의 크기순서에 반대로 분석되었으며 특히 음원으로부터의 직선거리가 짧은 순서로 명료도가 좋게 나타났다. IACC는 양쪽 측벽의 거리가 가장 긴 모델에서 가장 작게 나타났다 그러나, 초기 음장에서는 그 변화가 작게 나타났는데 이것은 IACC가 실의 형태에 장시간 관여하는 지수라는 것을 의미한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distributions of NiTi rotary instruments based on their cross-sectional geometries of triangular shape-based cross-sectional design, S-shaped cross-sectional design and modified rectangular shape-based one using 3D FE models. NiTi rotary files of S-shaped and modified rectangular design of cross-section such as Mtwo or NRT showed larger stress change while file rotation during simulated shaping. The stress of files with rectangular cross-section design such as Mtwo, NRT was distributed as an intermittent pattern along the long axis of file. On the other hand, the stress of files with triangular cross-section design was distributed continuously. When the residual stresses which could increase the risk of file fatigue fracture were analyzed after their withdrawal. the NRT and Mtwo model also presented higher residual stresses. From this result, it can be inferred that S-shaped and modified rectangular shape-based files were more susceptible to file fracture than the files having triangular shape-based one.

• Environmental engineer
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• v.23 s.240
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• pp.22-29
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• 2006

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

In this Paper, the effect of stage ceiling height on the acoustic characteristics of rectangular concert halls are investigated. To find out the acoustic properties of audience area, A simple Boston Symphony Hall(BSH) model which is typically rectangular shaped was applied for computer simulation. A newly built rectangular concert hall with 400 seats was also chosen for a scale model $(1.2m{\times}0.68m{\times}0.31m)$ study and its computer simulation varing the stage ceiling height and the volume. The results show that RT increased as the stage ceiling was lowered and the difference rate of RT by its variance is from -0.09 to -0.06[sec/m].

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 1999

A wrapped fruit-vegetable can restrain from evaporating its water, help to be supplied with a little fresh air, prevent from injuring and damaging during transporting to other positions. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop an automatic wrapping system specifically tailored to pack up from one to four numbers of long type fruit-vegetable in wrap foil. Performance tests of the system were conducted by using three different kinds of fruit-vegetable (cucumber, eggplant, Pumpkin) to determine the success wrapping rate. Each fruit-vegetable is divided into two grades such as A grade and B grade. B grade is more bended curve than A grade. The success wrapping rate of eggplant was 100% regardless of the grade and the number of fruit-vegetable. and also that of cucumber was 100% all but packing 4 numbers of B grade. However, that of pumpkin was 45%, As the number and the bended degree of pumpkin was increased, the success wrapping rate of pumpkin was decreased, because the surface area or the bended degree were increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.760-767
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• 2014

An experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of jet stream in the gab of rectangular cylinders with different length in a parallel arrangement by using PIV method in a circulating water channel. The height(h) of the rectangular cylinder and the gap between the cylinder is 10mm, and the width(B) which is 300mm. The length of the model for flow direction was applied to 30mm, 60mm, 90mm & 120mm, The aspect ratio of a model on the basis of height(H=30mm) is 1, 2, 3 and 4. Reynolds number $Re=1.4{\times}10^4$, $Re=2.0{\times}10^4$, $Re=2.9{\times}10^4$ based on the height(H) of model for the distance of tidal distributions as of water depth have been applied during the whole experiments. The measurement area was set to 5H rear of the cylinder. As a result, Vortex size in the wake area were increased as velocity increased. and high aspect ratio increased through-flow velocity component in the near wake. Velocity deficit increased highly after near-wake area and low aspect ratio.