• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Lipid soluble ginseng extract was administered by oral route in doses of 600 mg/patient daily in cancer patients over 2 months and 6 months. The administration of ginseng extract in cancer patients maintained the ratio of CD4/CD8 and number of the natural killer cell in the normal range during the administration period. Also its administration showed a positive effect on tumor values in 87.5% of patients in 2 month-group and in 50% of patients in 6 month-group, as determined by various cancer markers. Liver and kidney functions maintained normal condition during administration period of 6 months. Although there was no statistical significance, these data suggest that lipid soluble ginseng extract may be useful as an adjuvant therapeutic agent and nutritional supplement for the improvement of immune function and health in cancer patients. This study would provide the basis for the research in which the antitumor and immunopotential activity of lipid soluble ginseng extract for cancer patients are evaluated in formal clinical trial with statistically significant patient number.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 1999

A biofilter was established to remove the ammonia, which is representative nitrogen-contained malodorous gas. in a compost factory. Removal efficiency of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide also was investigated. A quantity of malodor gas produced in a compost factory was affected greatly by the weather. compost states and working condition of a fertilizing mixer, and the produced gas concentrations doubled by above various parameters. By operating a water scrubbing system for removing water-soluble malodorous gases effectively. we could improve the removal efficiency over three times. We investigated long-term stability of biofilter under continuous gas flow(SV=500h-1) for 100 days. The results showed 30 days of microbial retention time. After the days, deodorization efficiency of biofilter was kept steady state. and the removal efficiency was kept over 95% for ammonia and 97% for hydrogen so]fide. respectively. The electric consumption of the biofilter, which could treat malodorous gas of 100$\textrm{m}^3$/min, applied in the compost factory was evaluated about 80u0day and water consumption was 80~100$\ell$/day. These results concluded that the biofilter is a excellent deodorization technology as well as cost-effective for removing malodorous gas produced in a compost factory.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2003

최근 탄소나노튜브를 전계방출 표시소자(FED, field omission display)용 에미터 재료로 사용한 캐소드 개발에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 캐소드전극으로는 투명전도성 반도체 박막인 ITO를 사용하고, 에미터용 재료로는 탄소나노튜브를 사용해서 스크린 인쇄법으로 2극(diode type)형 전계방출 소자용 캐소드를 제작하였다. 본딩재(bonding materials)의 종류와 공정변수를 달리해서 에미터용 탄소나노튜브와 ITO 캐소드 전극 사이의 전기적 접촉방법을 변화시켰을때 탄소나노튜브 캐소드의 전계방출 특성을 체계적으로 연구하였다. 첫째로, 본딩재의 전기전도성 (electrical conductivity)을 변수로 해서 탄소나노튜브 에미터의 전계강화(fold enhancement) 효과를 연구한 결과 본딩재의 구성 성분중 부도체(insulator)의 분율이 높을수록 전계강화 효과가 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 두 번째로, ITO박막 캐소드전극과 탄소나노튜브 잉크 사이에 중간층(inter layer)을 형성시켜서 중간층이 전계방출 특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하여, 중간층의 존재가 탄소나노튜브의 전계방출 전류의 균일성과 전류밀도의 증가에 기여하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과 전계방출 전류가 안정적이면서 동시에 전계방출 효율이 크게 개선된 탄소나노튜브 캐소드를 제작하는 공정기술이 개발되었다. 개발된 기술은 기존의 방법에 비해서 탄소나노튜브 캐소드의 진공패키징시 아웃개싱(outgassing)의 양도 현격하게 작았으며, 에미터와 캐소드 전극 사이의 본딩력(adhesion)도 우수해서 항후 탄소나노튜브 전계방출 표시소자의 개발에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.luminum 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 세라믹 수율도 증가하였음을 확인하였다. 합성된 aluminum-contained polycarbosilane은 20$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 불융화과정을 거쳐 환원 및 진공 분위기에서 고온 열처리하였으며 이로부터 얻어진 시료에 대해 XRD분석을 수행하였다. SEM과 TEM을 이용하여 미세구조를 관찰하였다./100 duty로 구동하였으며, duty비 증가에 따라 pulse의 on-time을 고정하고 frequency를 변화시켰다. dc까지 duty비가 증가됨에 따라 방출전류의 양이 선형적으로 증가하였다. 전압을 일정하게 고정시키고 각 duty비에서 시간에 따라 방출전류를 측정한 결과 duty비가 높을수록 방출전류가 시간에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 각 duty비에서 방출전류의 양이 1/2로 감소하는 시점을 에미터의 수명으로 볼 때 duty비 대 에미터 수명관계를 구해 높은 duty비에서 전계방출을 시킴으로써 실제의 구동조건인 낮은 duty비에서의 수명을 단시간에 예측할 수 있었다. 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.638-647
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• 2018

We have to prepare for the existing threats from North Korea and potential threats in the future. It is important to utilize our resources as effectively as possible to build military power that brings victory in a war. Based on a sustainable required operational capability, weapons systems at the acquisition stage need to maintain a combat-readiness posture and ensure operational sustainability. To achieve this, establishment of procedures that develop elements of depot maintenance at the beginning, which enables economical and effective depot maintenance during that stage, is essential. First, the requirement paper needs to develop the concept of the depot maintenance requirement through the pre-study outlined by this paper. Second, at the system development stage, a Development Plan of Depot Maintenance draft should be proposed. This is the initial paper that can develop the elements of depot maintenance, and it should be verified by a field test. Third, each force's logistics command should write a Depot Maintenance Direction draft and a Mid-term Requirement of Elements of Depot Maintenance draft with the proven Development Plan of Depot Maintenance draft. Also, the verified paper needs to be realized and renewed by the time the Requirement of Elements of Depot Maintenance draft is completed. In conclusion, the procedures explained above will contribute to build an economical and effective military power in a reality faced with a resource shortage and threats from the enemy.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.487-501
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• 2020

As a viable option for retrieval of LST (Land Surface Temperature), this paper presents a DNN (Deep Neural Network) based approach using 148 Landsat 8 images for South Korea. Because the brightness temperature and emissivity for the band 10 (approx. 11-㎛ wavelength) of Landsat 8 are derived by combining physics-based equations and empirical coefficients, they include uncertainties according to regional conditions such as meteorology, climate, topography, and vegetation. To overcome this, we used several land surface variables such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), land cover types, topographic factors (elevation, slope, aspect, and ruggedness) as well as the T₀ calculated from the brightness temperature and emissivity. We optimized four seasonal DNN models using the input variables and in-situ observations from ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) to retrieve the LST, which is an advanced approach when compared with the existing method of the bias correction using a linear equation. The validation statistics from the 1,728 matchups during 2013-2019 showed a good performance of the CC=0.910~0.917 and RMSE=3.245~3.365℃, especially for spring and fall. Also, our DNN models produced a stable LST for all types of land cover. A future work using big data from Landsat 5/7/8 with additional land surface variables will be necessary for a more reliable retrieval of LST for high-resolution satellite images.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

It is increasing annually that the cost for bridge Maintenance Repair & Rehabilitation (MR&R) in developed countries. Based on Intelligent Technology, Bridge Management System (BMS) is developed for optimization of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and reliability to predict long-term bridge deteriorations. However, such data are very limited amongst all the known bridge agencies, making it difficult to reliably predict future structural performances. To alleviate this problem, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Backward Prediction Model (BPM) for generating missing historical condition ratings has been developed. Its reliability has been verified using existing condition ratings from the Maryland Department of Transportation, USA. The function of the BPM is to establish the correlations between the known condition ratings and such non-bridge factors as climate and traffic volumes, which can then be used to obtain the bridge condition ratings of the missing years. Since the non-bridge factors used in the BPM can influence the variation of the bridge condition ratings, well-selected non-bridge factors are critical for the BPM to function effectively based on the minimized discrepancy rate between the BPM prediction result and existing data (deck; 6.68%, superstructure; 6.61%, substructure; 7.52%). This research is on the generation of usable historical data using Artificial Intelligence techniques to reliably predict future bridge deterioration. The outcomes (Long-term Bridge deterioration Prediction) will help bridge authorities to effectively plan maintenance strategies for obtaining the maximum benefit with limited funds.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2007

The KAERI Underground Research Tunnel (KURT) located in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) was recently constructed following the site investigation in 2003. Its dimension is 180 m in length, 6 m in width, and 6 m in height, and it has a horseshoe-like cross-sec-lion and is located in the ground to the depth of 90 m. When the tunnel was dug into the ground with 100 m in length, fresh rocks, weathered rocks and fracture-filling materials were taken and examined by mineralogical and chemical analyses. There are phyllosilicate minerals such as illite, smectite and chlorite including calcite, which are filling some faults and cracks of the KURT rock. The illite and smectite usually coexist in the fracture, where their content ratio is different according to which mineral is predominant. There are high concentrations of U and Th in the rocks coated with iron-oxides and filled with secondary materials as compared with those in the fresh rocks. It seems that the radionuclides, which are slowly leached from the parent rocks or exist as a dissolved form in the groundwater and hydrothermal solution, may have been migrated along the fractures and thereafter selectively sorbed and coprecipitated on the iron-oxides and the fracture-filling materials. These results will be very useful far the evaluation of environmental factors affecting the nuclides migration and retardation when long-term safety is considered to the geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.53-53
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• 1999

전계방출을 이용한 평판 표시장치는 CRT가 가진 장점을 모두 갖는 동시에 얇고 가벼우며 낮은 전력소모로 완벽한 색을 구현할 수 있는 차세대 표시장치로서 이에 대한 여국가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 여기에 사용되는 음극물질로서 실리콘이나 몰리 등을 팁모양으로 제작하여 사용해 왔다. 하지만 잔류가스에 의한 역스퍼터링이나 화학적 반응에 의해서 전계방출 성능이 점차 저하되는 등의 해결해야할 많은 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 탄소계 재료로서 다이아몬드, 다이아몬드상 카본 등을 이용하려는 노력이 진행되어 왔다. 이중 유리화 비정형 탄소는 다량의 결함을 가지고 있는 유리질의 고상 탄소 재로로서, 전기전도도가 우수하면서 outgassing이 적고 기계적 강도가 뛰어나며 고온에서도 화학적으로 안정하여 전계방출 소자의 음극재료로서 알맞은 것으로 생각된다. 유리화 비정형 탄소가루를 전기영동법으로 기판에 코팅하여 전계방출 소자를 제작하였다. 전기영동 용액으로 이소프로필알코올에 질산마그네슘과 소량의 증류수, 유리화 비정형 탄소분말을 섞어주었고 기판으로는 몰리(Mo)가 증착된 유리를 사용하였다. 균일한 증착을 위해서 증착후 역전압을 걸어 주는 방법과 증착 후 플라즈마 처리를 하는 등의 여러 가지 방법을 사용했다. 전계방출 전류는 1$\times$10-7Torr이사에서 측정하였다. 1회 제작된 용액으로 반복해서 증착한 횟수에 따라 표면의 거치기, 입자의 분포, 전계방출 측정 결과 등의 차이가 관찰되었다. 발광이미지는 전압에 따라 변화하였고, 균일한 발광을 관찰하기 위해서 오랜 시간동안 aging 과정을 거쳐야 했다. 그리고 구 모양의 양극을 사용해서 위치를 변화시키며 시동 전기장을 관찰하여 위치에 따른 전계방출의 차이를 조사하여 발광의 균일성을 알 수 있었다.on microscopy로 분석하였으며 구조 분석은 X-선 회절분석, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 그리고Auger electron spectroscope로 하였다. 증착된 산화바나듐 박막의 전기화학적 특성을 분석하기 위하여 리튬 메탈을 anode로 하고 EC:DMC=1:1, 1M LiPF6 액체 전해질을 사용한 Half-Cell를 구성하여 200회 이상의 정전류 충 방전 시험을 행하였다. Half-Cell test 결과 박막의 결정성과 표면상태에 따라 매우 다른 전지 특성을 나타내었다.도상승율을 갖는 경우가 다른 베이킹 시나리오 모델에 비해 효과적이라 생각되며 초대 필요 공급열량은 200kW 정도로 산출되었다. 실질적인 수치를 얻기 위해 보다 고차원 모델로의 해석이 필요하리라 생각된다. 끝으로 장기적인 관점에서 KSTAR 장치의 베이킹 계획도 살펴본다.습파라미터와 더불어, 본 연구에서 새롭게 제시된 주기분할층의 파라미터들이 모형의 학습성과를 높이기 위해 함께 고려된다. 한편, 이러한 학습과정에서 추가적으로 고려해야 할 파라미터 갯수가 증가함에 따라서, 본 모델의 학습성과가 local minimum에 빠지는 문제점이 발생될 수 있다. 즉, 웨이블릿분석과 인공신경망모형을 모두 전역적으로 최적화시켜야 하는 문제가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서, 최근 local minimum의 가능성을 최소화하여 전역적인 학습성과를 높여 주는 인공지능기법으로서 유전자알고리즘기법을 본 연구이 통합모델에 반영하였다. 이에 대한 실증사례 분석결과는 일일 환율예측문제를 적용하였을 경우, 기존의 방법론보다 더 나운 예측성과를 타나내었다.pective" to workflow architectural discussions. The vocabulary suggested

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.191-205
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• 2016

North Korea(NK) has designated the special economic zones(SEZs) since the first one in Rason. But, why have the SEZs in NK still not been developed successfully? This study comparatively evaluated the SEZs in China, Vietnam and NK, with respect to 'context/purpose', 'development/management system', and 'location/infrastructure.' NK's strategies for the SEZs were different from those of China and Vietnam in terms of historical context and development purpose. China and Vietnam chose the market opening policy aiming to reform their national economy, while NK tried the opening policy without the economic reform. This difference made NK's decentralization and location strategies marginal. In spite of the positive land system and tax benefit of NK, the strategies couldn't make a successful result. The implications of this comparative study are as follows. Firstly, NK needs to establish a strategy for the SEZs in accord with the comprehensive and long-term plan for economic development and 'trustworthy and substantial market-systems' being compatible with outside world. For that, NK has to secure the regime stability in political and diplomatic dimensions. Secondly, NK has to carry out policies of decentralization and location of the SEZs more positively. Thirdly, in order to solve the problem related to lack of infrastructure capital, NK needs to utilize a BOT scheme.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Globally, efforts are being made to develop and strengthen a palliative care policy to support a comprehensive healthcare system. Korea has implemented a hospice and palliative care (HPC) policy as part of a cancer policy under the 10 year plan to conquer cancer and a comprehensive measure for national cancer management. A legal ground for the HPC policy was laid by the Cancer Control Act passed in 2003. Currently in the process is legislation of a law on the decision for life-sustaining treatment for HPC and terminally-ill patients. The relevant law has expanded the policy-affected disease group from terminal cancer to cancer, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic liver disease/liver cirrhosis. Since 2015, the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme reimburses for HPC with a combination of the daily fixed sum and the fee for service systems. By the provision type, the HPC is classified into hospitalization, consultation, and home-based treatment. Also in place is the system that designates, evaluates and supports facilities specializing in HPC, and such facilities are funded by the NHI fund and government subsidy. Also needed along with the legal system are consensus reached by people affected by the policy and more realistic fee levels for HPC. The public and private domains should also cooperate to set HPC standards, train professional caregivers, control quality and establish an evaluation system. A stable funding system should be prepared by utilizing the long-term care insurance fund and hospice care fund.