• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.644-650
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• 2005

Background : Bilateral pulmonary thromboendarterectomy(PTE) is recognized as the definitive treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We investigated the symptomatic, hemodynamic and prognostic effects of PTE in comparison with medical treatment. Methods : Twenty-four patients diagnosed with CTEPH from 1995 to 2003 at the Asan Medical Center were divided into two groups: patients treated with PTE(PTE group, n=12) and those not treated with PTE(Med group, n=12). The serial changes in dyspnea, the tricuspid regurgitation maximal velocity (TRVmax) and survival of the PTE and Med groups were compared retrospectively. Results : In PTE group, during a follow-up period of 1 year, the New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class significantly improved, while there was no significant improvement in the Med group. PTE significantly lowered the TRVmax from $4.23{\pm}0.54m/sec$ to $3.22{\pm}0.70m/sec$ over a follow up period of 2 years. (p=0.028) However, the TRVmax in the medically treated group did not show any significant improvement, changing from $3.98{\pm}0.68m/sec$ to $4.27{\pm}0.95m/sec$ during 1 year. The 5-year survival of the PTE group was 77.9% compared with 64.3% in the medically treated group. Conclusion : PTE provides substantial long-term improvement in dyspnea and the echocardiographic changes compared with medically treated patients.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2005

In this study, the radioprotective effects of Grifola umbellata hot water extracts (Gu-extract) on mice were investigated. Single pre-administration of Gu-extract increased the 40-day survival ratio of irradiated mice from 65.5％ to 78.6％. The growth of 3 week old male mice in the irradiated group was slightly retarded as compared to those of the control and Gu-extract treated mice. The average spleen and thymus weights of the irradiated mice were lower than those of the control and Gu-extract treated mice. The weight reduction of testis in the irradiated mice was significant. While it was relatively slight in the Gu-extract treated mice as compared to that of control mice. No significant difference in the weight was observed in heart, kidney or liver among three groups. The leukocytes of the Gu-extract treated mice did not decrease dramatically as in the irradiated group, but recovery patterns were similar in both groups. Reduction of erythrocytes were similar in both groups but its recovery occurred more rapidly in the extract treated group. The glucose level of the Gu-extract treated group did not change during the period examined, while it was still higher in the irradiated group than the level in the control group in two weeks. The cholesterol levels in the irradiated and the Gu-extract treated groups were higher than that of control group on day 7, but decreased to the level of the control group on day 14. No difference was observed in total protein amount of the serum among the three groups. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble proteins extracted from various organs did not reveal differences to any extent in all groups except in the livers of the irradiated and extract treated groups, in which some proteins were missing or less present.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2004

This study was aimed to develop a new ovoid applicator for vaginal high-dose rate intracavitary radiation therapy, evaluate uniformity of dose distribution, and assess clinical applicability. The authors evaluated dose uniformity of vaginal mucosa according to 5-different ovoid-separation using 2-channel and modified 3-channel ovoid applicator. There were no significant differences in the dose distribution along the vaginal mucosa with 2 and 2.5 cm separations, but there were between the 2-channel and 3-channel ovoid applicator with a separation of 3 cm or more. Although a low dose area was shown between two ovoid applicators with the 2-channel ovoid applicator, the dose distribution along the vaginal mucosa with the 3-channel ovoid applicator was very uniform.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1252-1264
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• 1998

Background : Patients with established ARDS have a mortality rate that exceeds 50 percent despite of intensive care including artificial ventilation modality, Mortality has been associated with sepsis and organ failure preceding or following ARDS ; APACHE II score ; old age and predisposing factors. Revised ventilator strategy over last 10 years especially at ARDS appeared to improve the mortality of it. We retrospectively investigated 40 ARDS patients of respiratory-care unit to examine how these factors influence outcome. Methods : A retrospective investigation of 40 ARDS patients in respiratory-care unit with ventilator management over 46 months was performed. We investigated the clinical characteristics such as a risk factor, cause of death and mortality, and also parameters such as APACHE II score, number of organ dysfunction, and hypoxia score (HS, $PaO_2/FIO_2$) at day 1, 3, 7 of severe acute lung injury, and simultaneously the PEEP level and tidal volume. Results : Clinical conditions associated with ARDS were sepsis 50%, pneumonia 30%, aspiration pneumonia 20%, and mortality rate based on the etiology of ARDS was sepsis 50%, pneumonia 67%(p<0.01 vs sepsis), aspiration pneumonia 38%. Overall mortality rate was 60%. In 28 day-nonsurvivors, leading cause of death was severe sepsis(42.9%) followed by MOF(28.6%), respiratory failure(19.1 %), and others(9.5%). There were no differences in variables of age, sex, APACHE II score, HS, and numbers of organ dysfunction at day 1 of ARDS between 28-days survivor and nonsurvivors. In view of categorized variables of age(>70), APACHE II score(>26), HS(<150) at day 1 of ARDS, there were significant differences between 28-days survivor and nonsurvivors(p<0.05). After day 1 of ARDS, the survivors have improved their APACHE II score, HS, numbers of organ dysfunction over the first 3d to 7d, but nonsurvivors did not improve over a seven-day course. There were significant differences in APACHE II score and numbers of organ dysfunction of day 3, 7 of ARDS, and HS of day 7 of ARDS between survivors and nonsurvivors(p<0.05). Fatality rate of ARDS has been declined from 68% to less than 40% between 1995 and 1998. There were no differences in APACHE II score, HS, numbers of organ dysfunction, old age at presentation of ARDS. In last years, mean PEEP level was significantly higher and mean tidal volume was significantly lower than previous years during seven days of ARDS(p<0.01). Conclusions : Improvement of HS, APACHE II score, organ dysfunction over the first 3d to 7d is associated with increased survival Decline in ARDS fatality rates between 1995 and 1998 seems that this trend must be attributed to improved supportive therapy including at least high PEEP instead of conventional-least PEEP approach in ventilator management of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.112-119
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• 2020

In this study, cellulose-based bacterial pellets was used for the self-healing concrete manufacturing. The pellet is composed of complex cultured bacterial spore powder, methyl cellulose, two kinds of PVA nutrients and water, and is extruded through a hydraulic press to have a shape of 2mm in diameter to 3 to 4mm in length. Cellulose pellets expand at neutral pH, release bacteria and nutrients, and do not react in a basic environment, increasing the long-term survival rate of bacteria in cement mortar. In addition, pellet self-healing performance of pellet mortar was significantly higher than that of control mortar. Cellulose-based pellets are a new type of bacterial carrier system that will help develop self-healing concrete in the future by improving and optimizing pellets.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.902-905
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• 2006

We report a case in which routine chest roentgenograms of an 840 g infant led to the belief that the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was appropriately positioned within the superior vena cava when, in actuality, it was within the azygous arch. Although many cases of pleural effusions have been reported to be caused by a central venous catheter, a right-sided hydrothorax caused by azygous vein rupture from the use of a PICC is an extremely rare complication. Sudden changes in the condition of a preterm infant with PICC should raise the suspicion of a catheter-related problem.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2010

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major factor that limits the long-term survival after cardiac transplantation. Because the main feature of CAV is a diffuse stenosis that predominantly develops in the distal arteries, reperfusion therapy has shown poor outcomes. The results of cardiac retransplantation for CAV are better than that for acute resection and the survival is identical to that of patients who undergo primary transplantation. We describe a case of performing cardiac retransplantation in a 28 year-old male patient with refractory CAV and who underwent primary transplantation due to dilated cardiomyopathy 8 years previously.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.835-839
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• 1999

Since the first report of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with end-stage renal disease in 1974, numerous reports have documented the feasibility of CABG in patients with chronic renal diseases. Patients with chronic renal failure often have comorbid disorders such as hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, each with their own complications and associated impact on both short and long-term survivals. In addition, infection and sepsis have been identified as significant causes of morbidity and mortality in most series of patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing cardiac surgical procedure. As a result of these and other factors such as perioperative volume and electrolyte disturbances, patients with chronic renal failures are at an increased risk of complication and mortality after CABG. We report 3 cases of "Off-pump" CABG in the chronic renal failure patients. patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1998

Purpose : Although local recurrence rates of stomach cancer after radiocal surgery have been reported in the range of $30-70\%$, the role of postoperative adjuvant therapy has not been established. We report the result of radiotherapy in resected stomach cancer with positive surgical margin to elucidate the role of postoperative radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : From June 1991 to August 1996, twenty five patients with positive surgical margins after radical gastrectomy were treated with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Median dose of radiation was 55.8Gy and the range was 44.6-59.4Gy. Second cycle of chemotherapy was delivered concurrently with radiation and total number of six cycles were delivered. Twenty three had adenocarcinoma and the other two had leiornyosarcoma. The numbers of patients with stage I B, II, III A, III B, and IV were 1, 2, 11, 10 and 1 respectively. Positive margins at distal end of the stomach were in 17 patients and proximal in 5. The other three patients had positive margin at the sites of adjacent organ invasion Minimum and median follow-up periods were 12 months and 18 months, respectively, Results : Twenty-four of 25 patients received prescribed radiation dose and RTOG grade 3 toxicity of UGI tract was observed in 3, all of which were weight loss more than $15\%$ of their pretreatment weight. But hematemesis. melena, intestinal obstruction or grade 4 toxicity were not found. Locoregional failure within the radiation field was observed in 7 patients, and distant metastasis in 10 patients. Sites of locoregional recurrences involve anastomosis/remnant stomach in 3, tumor bed/duodenal stump in 3, regional lymph node in 1 patient Peritoneal seeding occurred in 6, liver metastases months and median disease free survival time was 26 months. Stages andradiation dose were not significant prognostic factors for locoregional in 2, and distant nodes in 2 patients. Four year disease specificsurvival rate was $40\%$ and disease free survival was $48\%$. Median survival was 35 failures. Conculsion : Although all patients in this study had positive surgical margins, locoregional failure rate was $28\%$, and 4 year disease specific survival rate was $40\%$. Considering small number of patients and relatively short follow-up period, it is not certain that postoperative radiotherapy lowered locoregional recurrences. but we could find a Possibility of the role of postoperative radiotherapy in Patients with high risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.865-870
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• 1996

Antitumor effects of hexane, chloroform fractions and tannins from persimmon leaves were studied by using sarcoma-180 tumor cells. The solid tumor growth was inhibited most effectively when 0.5mg/kg of hexane fraction was administerated to the Balb/c mouse. The life prolongation effects were 35.6%, 11.5% and 29.9%, respectively when hexane fraction, chloroform fraction and tannins from the persimmon leaves were administerated to the mouse. Spleen index, a marker for immunological activity, was increased in mice administrated hexane fraction, chloroform fraction and tannins of persimmon loaves, compared with the control group.