• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.3-23
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• 2014

This study focused on causes of use reluctant intention because closed SNS was more active than open SNS was despite tremendous growth of SNS to have negative influence upon not only SNS contents suppliers but also marketing business using SNS. The survey were conducted a total of 205 participants with adult over colleague student, 197 copies that excluded questionnaire with unfaithful answer were used in the analysis, and we used path analysis of structural equation modeling. The results of modified path model showed that interactivity was influenced by value, and then affecting "trust ${\rightarrow}$ satisfaction ${\rightarrow}$ using reluctant intention" path and "satisfaction ${\rightarrow}$ using reluctant intention" path. These result reflected that interactivity have a double-edged sword and value is very important standard to make a positive of negative role of interactivity. These results suggested that interactivity was found to have influence upon not only behavioral willingness that took actions depending upon either improvisation or situation but also behavioral intention path that thought and took actions in reasonable way. The interactivity had double-edged sword to help develop SNS and to produce negative results.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2013

The objectives of this paper are to analyze the effect of government R&D expenditure on employment in the Korean manufacturing sector in which employment is rapidly declining. According to the results of our empirical analysis, government R&D expenditure decreases the level of employment in Korean manufacturing sector in short term period, but it has positive effect on employment by compensation effect in the middle and long term period. Second, the effect of private R&D expenditure on job creation is three times larger than that of government R&D expenditure. Third, costs of labor and capital has negative effect on employment. This study is believed to help understanding the relation between R&D expenditure and employment, and providing policy implications of how to plan and manage government R&D expenditure as a tool of job creation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.667-676
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of childbirth on socioeconomic status changes of women. Data were collected from Korean Health Panel (2008-2015). A difference-in-differences model with propensity score matching was applied to assess the impact of childbirth on socioeconomic status changes. As a result, variables showing significant differences in the interaction terms indicating the impact of birth were the savings, economic activity, and occupational status. The impact of birth were significant in decreasing the amount of savings and negatively affecting women's economic activities, but in increasing the probability of full-time and regular employees in occupational status. Childbirth appears to have a negative impact on the home economics and socioeconomic status of women. The belief that home economies can be stabilized even after childbirth should be established, and a long-term and sustained support plan should be set up to realize this belief.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.168-188
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• 2009

Japanese economy suffered from a great recession for one decade between 1993 and 2002, because of the bubble bursting. Recently, a similar situation broke out in the USA and spread throughout the world. This paper investigated the effects of economic policy on the Japanese depression in order to find out how the recession, caused by financial crisis, can be reasonably removed. The analysis of documentary records indicate that there exists an optimum rate in government debt and the point in time of economic policy is decisive. Statistical studies with a VAR model and a State Space Model suggest that government expenditures affect the growth rate of national product but with a short term and it has a time lag of a half year. Income tax has a grievous negative effect on the growth rate with a long term and it works without a time lag. Therefore the increasing of taxation should be put into force very carefully. However private investment is a determinate factor for the recovery of depression.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2012

The effects of dietary supplementation of dried coffee meal (CM) on growth performance, blood biochemical profiles, the weights of immune-related organs, and the antioxidant defense system in broiler chicks were examined. A total of 162, 3-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: control group (CON), control diet added with 0.5% CM (CM0.5), and control diet added with 1.0% CM (CM1.0). In vitro antioxidant activity test, coffee extracts showed concentration-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity. Dietary addition of 0.5 and 1.0% of CM did not have negative effects on growth performance and feed conversion during the experimental periods, whereas dietary CM significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative weight of thymus without changes in the other organ weights. In addition, birds fed the diet supplemented with CM (0.5 and 1.0%) significantly increased blood albumin without affecting other components including glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol compared with those fed control diet. In antioxidant defense system, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase and the level of glutathione in the small intestine and liver were not affected by dietary supplementation of CM. However, hepatic lipid peroxidation in birds fed the diet supplemented with 0.5% CM was significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with that in control birds. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CM(0.5~1.0%) has potential for use as a natural antioxidant source without negative effect on growth performance in broiler chickens.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.573-593
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• 2012

The paper examined the relationship between total and sector level electricity consumptions and economic growth in Korea for the period of 1980-2009. The results of unit-roots and cointegration tests show that all variables-real GDP, total, primary, manufacture, and service sector electricity consumptions-were not stationary and there were no linear combinations in the long run between electricity consumptions and economic growth. Thus, by using standard Granger-causality test we found that total, primary, and manufacture sector electricity consumptions were Granger-caused by economic growth, not vice versa. This means that causality runs from economic growth to each electricity consumption. However, there is no causal relationship between service sector electricity consumption and economic growth. These results imply that the government policies aimed at reducing electricity consumptions and increasing energy efficiency etc. can be feasible without deterring economic growth in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.456-463
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• 2018

Increases in disasters and damage caused by the disasters in modern society, have a negative impact on local economy. In particular, a local economic downturn leads to a deterioration in quality of life of local residents and causes mental and material damage. Therefore, in order to achieve stable and sustainable local economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the resilience of the local economy. This study aims to estimate indicators of local economic resilience of Jindo County after the Sewol Ferry disaster, analyze a trend of the economic level after the disaster through time series data and suggest improvement plans of the local crisis management and restoration policy that considers future economic resilience. Results of this study showed that a decrease in the number of tourists and of workers in related industries hit tourism industry, causing a loss to the local economy and that an increase in a drinking rate of and stress awareness rate of local residents was a stress factor due to disaster impacts. These findings provides policy implications that it is necessary to make efforts for improving the depressed local image by utilizing local resources in the area, to build a sustainable long-term economic recovery policy and to provide psychological treatment and the relevant government and local government's support for relieving the stress of local residents due to the disaster impacts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.112-119
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• 2016

This study aims to examine propping by the controlling shareholders and the corporate value of Korean firms with agency problems and propping perspectives. Propping refers to a transfer of resources from a higher ownership firm to a lower ownership firm, in order to prevent the latter from going bankrupt. This study used a sample of 4,077 companies listed on the KRX data exchange from 2004 to 2014. We used proxy variables such as long-term supply contracts, asset and business sales, credit facilities, loans, and equity investments to affiliates as wealth transfer instruments of the controlling shareholders. We found that propping occurred by the equity investment of affiliates in Korean firms. Also, we found that the Korean firm's value was decreased by the affiliate equity investment.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

This study examines the labor market performance of graduates who had student loans. Compared to earlier studies, we extended analyses to all jobs that were experienced for more than 18 months after graduation. First, we found that students who had student loans earned 2.81% less at their first job compared to their counterparts without student loans. Second, the wage gap decreased over time, a reduction of 0.66%p due to labor market turnovers. Third, when we compared cumulated labor income, however, the amount for borrowers were continuously higher. This is because the job searching period of a borrower was shorter, despite relatively lower wages at the first job, and borrowers also made more frequent job turnovers, accompanying relatively more wage increases. These results suggest that the negative effects of college loans on earnings, reported in previous studies, may have exaggerated the negative impact to some extent of having loans. However, when we look at the quality of jobs beyond simply wages, the proportion of borrowers working at large companies as regular workers was consistently low. Given that job conditions at the earlier stages of one's career may lead to gaps over time, our findings call for more systematic investigations into the effects that student loans have on long-term labor performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1856-1868
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• 2008

This paper is about what is the effect of cultural marketing - which is affecting business ethics and social responsibility - on corporate image and formation of brand asset, and about which is getting more influence by cultural marketing among factors that is forming corporate image and brand asset. The results are like below. First, cultural marketing activities had an indirect influence on the corporate brand asset. Second, cultural marketing had an direct influence on the corporate brand image. Third, cultural marketing had a positive impact on reminding of the brand image. Fourth, social responsibility and business ethics had an indirect influence on the brand loyalty. Fifth, corporate social responsibility and business ethics had a positive impact on the brand image. Sixth, among the corporate social responsibility, community activities played a control variables. Seventh, regarding the characteristics of the respondents it showed that there's perception gaps among marketing, responsibility and ethics as well as brand assets. All in all, cultural marketing had an indirect effect on formulating corporate brand asset by the means of corporate image. The result is pointing out the importance of establishing a strategic marketing plan that is taking harmony between the character of cultural marketing and media, continuous and long-term plan, connection with the type of the brand asset into account. Moreover, as people realized that corporate business activities are brining not only economic consequences, such as providing goods and services but also social consequences, such as uneven distribution of wealth, dirty links between business and politics, consumers' security, pollution, and etc., companies are reconsidering its own role in society. This reconsideration is called corporate social responsibility and this pushed the company to keep business ethics together with their business.