• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.351-374
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• 2005

This study examines dynamics of poverty in Korea, focusing on poverty duration and its determinants. Data come from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS), 1998-2003. KLIPS is a longitudinal survey of 5,000 families and their members which are representative of urban residents in Korea. Respondents of KLIPS annually report detailed information on their income, economic activities, and other socio-economic characteristics. This study use poverty exit probabilities to generate distributions of spell lengths, following Bane and Ellwood(1986)'s methodology. This study finds a high level of poverty exit rates in Korea. About three quarters of those beginning a poverty spell exit from poverty within two years. Only 14.3 percent of all the poverty spells consist of long spells which persists five years or more. Yet, a different picture emerges when spells of the poor persons at a given time are analysed. Persistent poor occupy a considerable share of all the poor. Almost 50 percent of those who would be in poverty at a given time are in the midst of poverty spells lasting five years or more. When repeat spells of poverty are also included in the analyses, the proportion of long-term poor increases further. 63 percent of persons poor at a given time are long-termers. The majority of long-term poor are members of families headed by the aged. They show both a low level of poverty exit rates and a high level of reentry rates, and thus are most likely to experience long-term poverty. In the first place, they occupy a substantial share of all the poor. The second who are likely to be poor longer is members of families headed by non-aged women. Researchers have recentlty paid much attention to the working poor who have increased since the economic crisis in 1997. Yet, it is very likely that families headed by non-aged male who largely consist of the working poor temporarily experience poverty. Findings for this study suggest that further studies and policy proposals addressing persistent poverty are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.183-206
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• 2013

Using Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (wave 1~11) database, this study analyzed the poverty duration of the poor as a whole and by households' characteristics. For this purpose, I first estimated poverty exit rates and reentry rates applying discrete-time hazard model to the sample, and then calculated poverty duration combining these two probability rates. The results show that about a half of poor households are transitory (short-term) poor with 1~2 years of poverty duration. A quarter is chronic (long-term) poor lasting for 5 or more years of poverty duration. The remained quarter can be categorized as the recurrent or mid-term poor. The socioeconomic characteristics of households greatly affect poverty duration. Long-term poverty is prevalent among female-head households, elderly households, single households, or households headed by a person with a lower level of education. If households' heads do not work, or work as temporary or daily-employed workers, the poverty duration tends to be longer. The findings suggest that the poor consist of various social classes with different characteristics. Efficient anti-poverty policy should be based on thoroughly identifying the specific characteristics and needs of each class.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.617-635
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate both poverty and depression among older adults, focusing on the relationship of these two trajectories. For expanding the understanding about elderly poverty and depression, the study measured the longitudinal patterns of various transition in these two variables. The data for the study is 1st to 9th waves (2006-2014) of Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), and 4,431 older adults were used for the final analysis. For data analysis, Semi-parametric group-based modeling and Dual trajectory model were selected. The main results of this study were followings; First, The trajectory groups were identified: non-poverty, decrease poverty, increase poverty, remain high-poverty, chronic poverty groups and 4 trajectories of depression: stable, remain low-depression, risk of depression, chronic depression groups. Second, the study was tried to anticipate the longitudinal transition of poverty and depression status, and investigate the concurrent relationship in these two variables. It turned out that the stable poverty status led the stable depression, and vice versa. Based on these result, this study for elderly welfare were discussed to reduce risk for poverty and depression.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.473-497
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• 2003

본 연구는 한국노동패널 1998-2001 자료를 이용하여 성장기에 경험한 가족구조와 저소득, 빈곤 등의 가족배경이 청소년의 교육성취 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 가족구조와 가족소득, 빈곤의 영향을 각각 분석한 결과 각 변수는 청소년의 학력연수와 대학입학확률, 진학고교유형과 통계적으로 유의미한 관계를 보였다. 19세의 학력연수와 대학진학확률의 경우 이혼 별거가족의 청소년과 한부모가족을 장기적으로 경험한 청소년, 빈곤가족의 청소년은 특히 낮은 수준의 성취도를 보였다. 가족구조가 19세의 교육성취에 미치는 영향은 소득수준이나 빈곤을 통제한 후에도 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 소득과 빈곤의 영향력 또한 가족구조가 모형에 포함된 후에도 큰 차이가 없었다. 반면에 16세의 진학고교유형에 대해서는 가족구조와 가족소득을 같이 모형에 포함하는 경우 가족구조의 영향은 일관되지 않고 빈곤의 영향 또한 사라진다. 가족구조와 빈곤의 상대적 영향력을 두 변수가 모두 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미친 대학진학모형에서 비교한 결과 가족구조의 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 본 연구의 발견은 한부모가족과 빈곤가족에 대한 사회적 지원 대책이 청소년 교육성취 수준을 향상하는 데에 크게 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.395-398
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.195-218
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenomenon of poverty among North Korean settlers in Korea in terms of its magnitude, the severity, and its determinants by comparing it with the South Korean poor. The data used for this analysis were the second Korean Social Welfare panel data for the South Koreans and the third longitudinal study on North Korean settlers in the South. The average household income of the North Korean settlers reached about 70% of the South Korean counterparts. The percentage of the North Korean households that earn 200% of the poverty line was about the same as the South Koreans, which indicates the improvement of the economic status of the long-term settlers in the South. However, the North Korean settlers below 100% of the poverty line were twice as much , and those under 50% of the poverty line were 8 times more than their South Korean counterparts. Despite the improved economic status of the long-term North Korean settlers in the South, those who still live below the poverty line tend to remain in poverty, which is chronic and severe. The determinants of the North Korean settlers' poverty were identified as age, number of household members in employment, alcohol problem and health satisfaction level. Policy implications were discussed in conclusion.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.741-762
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• 2015

This study examines the long-term prospects for a minimum living guarantee by public pensions for the elderly using a dynamic micro-simulation model. "Elderly poverty" here is an estimate calculated by considering only the public pension income and it means how public pension affects the minimum living guarantee for the elderly. The main results are: First the impact of the public pension system on elderly poverty can be decomposed into economic growth and institutional effect. When considering both effects, the absolute poverty rate of the elderly will be reduced to 20% by the year 2040. But when considering the institutional effect(except economic growth effect), that rate is expected to be a long-term level of around 90%. Second, even if the Basic Pension is indexed to 10% of A-value, the elderly poverty rate is only about 10%p to be reduced further, compared to the current CPI-indexed system. Third, current benefit formula for National Pension does not consider the actual correlation of income level and insured period; consequently, the reversal possibility of the replacement rate appears likely. Fourth, the reform of 2007 improves the sustainability of the National Pension; however, it deteriorates the adequacy of the pension policy, i.e., the past system would be better than the current system in regards to a reduction in elderly poverty. Further discussion is needed on aspects of correct pension reform assessments which is difficult to achieve without understanding the comprehensive benefits and costs to society.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.365-388
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• 2011

By analyzing 1998~2008 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS), this study examines socio-economic characteristics of people who become poor. The study also explores the reason why they are in the state of poverty. To find determinants affecting poverty entrance, discrete-time hazard models are applied. Major findings are as follows. The socio-economic characteristics driving people into poverty are in the middle way of the long-term poor and the non-poor, combining the characteristics of both groups. This implies that many cases of the newly poor tend to enter and exit from poverty repeatedly. Poverty entry rate was at a high level right after the economic crises, then was a downturn and remained fairly stable since 2000. However, the young, the high-educated, and even the professional are on the rise as a new poverty group. The major reason people become poor is temporary job loss. This factor is confirmed again by multi-variate analyses. In building anti-poverty policies, it is important to distinguish the long-term poor from the short-term poor. For the long-term poor, virtually the only affective policy will be income support. On the other hand, a labor-market strategy for jos security will be more effective for the short-term poor. The characteristics and determinants of poverty entry may affect poverty duration and exit in the future. Future research will be needed to investigate the relationship among these factors.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.9-33
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• 2017

This study estimated the socioeconomic costs of child poverty. Based on previous studies, the present study organized component categories for direct and indirect costs of child poverty, and estimated the cost of each category in 2015 through the collection of existing data and Delphi survey techniques among experts. The total socioeconomic costs of child poverty were compared to Korea's GDP. The results of this study were as follows. First, the socioeconomic costs of child poverty in Korea in 2015 ranged from 55 trillion KW(3.5% of GDP) to 99 trillion KW(6.5% of GDP). Second, the indirect socioeconomic costs of child poverty are much higher than the direct costs. Third, among the total cost categories, costs related to productivity loss and unemployment accounted for the largest portion of both the socioeconomic costs based upon absolute poverty and relative poverty. Crime costs are the second largest. Based on these results, we discussed the importance of early intervention for children in poverty; implementation of two-generation program that intervenes simultaneously with parents and children; and long-term, continuous and integrated intervention for high-risk groups such as poor children.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.85-91
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• 2019

Present study notes that youth poverty is not only an income deficit, but also a deficit in various dimensions of life such as housing, work and health deficit. Multidimensional poverty is measured by four dimensions: income, work, housing and health. The sample is a 2630 one-person household female youth pooled from the Korea Welfare Panel 10-Year Data. The analysis tool used SPSS statistical program, and the analysis framework was the deficiency rate by dimension, the correlation analysis between deficiency dimension, and the overlapping rate of N dimension poverty. As a result, women's youth in Korea had higher deficit rate in terms of work and housing than other dimensions, and the proportion of women youth who were both poor in work and housing at the same time was also relatively higher than in other cases. Based on these results, this study proposes the construction of customized job services, job matching with small and medium-sized enterprises and allocation of one young woman's household among the targets of long-term chartered housing. Female youth's sharing-economy association should be considered as alternatives.