• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-123
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• 2018

Purpose: This study empirically investigates the utilization and expenditure of health care and long-term care at the last year of life for long-term care beneficiaries in Korea. Methods: This study used National Health Insurance and Long-term Care Insurance claims data of 271,474 LTCI beneficiaries, who died from July 2008 to December 2012. Their cause of death, place of death, health care costs, and the provision of aggressive care were analyzed. Results: Cardio-vascular disease(29.8%) and cancer(15.3%) were reported as their major cause of death, and hospital(64.4%), home(22.0%), social care facility(9.2%) were analyzed as the place of death. 99.3% of subjects used both health care and long-term care during the last 1 year of life. The average survival period were 516.2 days after they were LTCI beneficiaries. The health care expenditure gradually increased near the death, and the last month were three times more rather than the first month. Furthermore, 31.8% experienced some aggressive cares(CPR, blood transfusion, hemo-dialysis, etc.) at the last month of life. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is important to develop the end of life care policies(for example, hospice, advanced care directives) for the LTCI beneficiaries. They might contribute to the improvement of quality of life and the reduction of health care expenditure of the elderly at the end-of-life.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 2008

We used RT-PCR to measure housekeeping gene expression in mice fed GM and non-GM cabbage, in an effort to evaluate the risk of GM food to humans. After normalization of housekeeping gene levels, highly uniform expression may be seen in many organisms during various stages of development and under different environmental conditions. We assessed the expression of four genes in Chinese cabbage; these were Profilin, Tubulin-alpha (Tub-1), Heat-shock protein (Bchsp 17.6), and Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBE). We measured the expression of four well-known housekeeping genes in mice: ${\beta}$-actin, (${\beta}$-act), ${\beta}$-2-microglobulin(B2m), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (Gus). Gene expression was measured in liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, and spleen of mice fed GM or non-GM cabbage. No significant expression differences were found.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2016

In this study, we have proposed a method of monitoring of bridges under construction in view of the long-term behavior of the prestress concrete bridge of which the Free Cantilever Method is applied. As a method to confirm the ability of the long-term behavior of the concrete box girder, temperature sensors and strain gauges were installed, and the measured data was used to calculate creep coefficient. Moreover, we have measured the stress of the concrete box girder during construction which was applied with creep coefficient and compared with the changes in temperature to analyze the vertical displacement along the segment. In conclusion, monitoring of the FCM bridge during construction in consideration of the long-term behavior can be analyzed efficiently by suing temperature and displacement data without the use of laser displacement meter or laser delfectometer.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

In this paper, the long-term performance of highway embankment using tire shred-sandy soil mixture as a lightweight fill material was evaluated through the field monitoring and field test programs. A tire shred-sandy soil embankment was constructed to support a four-lane highway in Indiana, which was built with a 50 : 50 volumetric ratio of tire shreds (maximum particle dimension of 76 mm) and sandy soil (SP, USCS). After opening of the road for traffic, no noticeable differential settlement and lateral deformation were observed, and no adverse environmental impact on temperature was detected as a result of the construction of the tire shred-sandy soil embankment. Moreover, FWD test results showed that tire shred-sandy soil mixture provides bearing capacity comparable to that of conventional fill and meets the criterion for a design life of 20 years.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.113-123
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• 2012

The technology developed for the decrease of applying loads and self-weight of a structure is to improve conventional Foam Cement Banking Method (FCB) by applying mixed slurry of bottom ash, cement and foams. Since the foam-mixed concrete, which is a major material of the Bottom ash-mixed Light weight concrete Banking method (BLB) developed, contains mineral admixture such as cement, the behavior shows time-dependent deformation and deterioration of durability due to environmental exposure. Thus, this study is subject to figure out the characteristics of long-termed behavior and durability of the developed method by carrying out experiments for schemed parameters, which are considered to be factors affecting mainly on concrete's characteristics from mechanical analysis. As results of tests, it was found that the developed concrete offers higher resistance than conventional foamed concrete in terms of long-termed behaviors associated with drying shrinkage and creep, and durability problems of freeze-thaw and carbonation processes, especially with addition of bottom ash.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.1 s.91
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• pp.109-116
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• 2006

An incremental approach to predict the time dependent flexural behavior of composite girder is presented in the framework of incremental finite element method. Age dependent nature of creep, shrinkage, and maturing of elastic modulus of concrete is prescribed in the incremental tangent description of constitutive relation derived based on the first order Taylor series expansion applying to the total from of stress-strain relation. The loop phenomenon in which age dependent nature of concrete causes stress redistribution and it causes creep in turn is taken into account in the formulation through the incremental representation of constitutive relation. The developed algorithm predicts the time dependent deflections of 4.8m long two span double composite box girder subjected to shrinkage, maturing of elastic modulus, and creep initially induced by self weight. Comparison shows a good agreement between the predicted and measured results.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.3 s.99
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

Environmental problems and safety problems in coastal area is one of the most important factors for designing coastal structures and maintaining facilities in coastal zone. And thus study on Wave transformation around coastal area is very important to develope a new port or on industrial area. Delft 3D-WAVE is applied to Ulsan new port area and the culculated results are analysed and compared with measured data Delft 3D-wave module is based on SWAN model which considers wave shoaling and refraction for irregular wave. This module also covers wind effect, bottom friction. white-capping and wave breaking effect. The results of this study show a good agreement with measured data and thus Delft 3D-WAVE module can be applied to simulate irregular wave transformation in coastal area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.1 s.68
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

Since Modern bridges have a tendency to make the spans continuous and longer, the effect of concrete shrinkage and creep is very important and must be evaluated appropriately for the durability and safety of steel-concrete composite bridges. However, highway design specification in current use prescribes $180^{1\;2}$ as the final shrinkage strain. which is for less value than one resulted from many experimental researches and cause some problems in the construction of composite bridges due to the understimation of shrinkage strain. Thus, in this paper nonlinear analysis with time-steps applying the CEB-FIP(90) provision have been conducted for plate girder bridge, box girder bridge and Preflex beam bridge and the linear equivalent shrinkage strain for the design of composite bridges. which produces the stress equal to the values from the nonlinear analysis, has been calculated by comparing the results with the values following highway design specification. The results yield appropriately double values than $180^{1\;2}$ which highway design specification prescribes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1990

This is a geodetic study on the the shoreline changes occurred by the facilities constructed in the beach. There are emperical, hydrological and numerical methods in predicting of the shorline changes. Numerical method is the most suitable method in the field of geodesy. There are many predicting models. This study adopted one-line model because it has a few hydrological factor and simplify the natural phenomena. This study established the ideal seawall boundary condition, applied the explicit model and the implicit model in the Dongsan harbour in East Sea, and could predict the optimum seawall position for protection of shore. The results are following ; Seawall protect shore of which input angle of wave is below 20$^\circ$, a ratio of wave height bleak/line does not effect in shoreline changes. The implicit model is accuracy but can not predict longtime change. But the explicit model is the opposite of the implicit model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.697-700
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• 2008

The object of this paper is to propose a logical prediction model of a concrete creep using rheology. Rheology is the study on the flow and stress relationship of matter under the influence of an applied stress. It is also estimated as an effective theory to describe concrete long-term deformations. According to a time dependency and a mechanism of occurrence, the proposed creep model was divided into four components, such as an elastic deformation, a long-term creep, a time dependent short-term creep and a time independent short-term creep. Evaluation on an actual creep deformation pattern by time passage confirmed these classification. In order to approve a rationality of the proposed model, most coefficients of each components were derived by the microprestresssolidification theory and design codes. Numerical approaches were also used when it was restricted within narrow limits. Finally, the proposed rheolgical model was verified by actual creep test results and compared with common methods.