• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2009

To verify hybridity of Asplenium castaneo-viride, external morphology, spore morphology, anatomy and chromosomes of the species and of the two presumed parental species, A. incisum and A. ruprechtii, were examined. A. castaneo-viride usually had 1-pinnately divided frond. However, some individuals had almost simple fronds with pinnatisect basal parts similar to A. ruprechtii, while others had fronds similar to A. incisum in having oblanceolate blades and basal pinnae with triangular, 2-3 lobed apices. On the surface of the spores, sculpturing consisted of folds that were usually prominent; forming long wings, and irregular or incomplete reticulation. However, reticulation patterns varied among species. A. castaneo-viride showed a wide range of variation from sparse to dense patterns, whereas A. incisum showed only from sparse to intermediate patterns. A. ruprechtii showed from intermediate to dense patterns. The spore size of A. castaneo-viride was $54.63{\mu}m$, larger than other two species ($47.81{\mu}m$ in A. incisum and $44.22{\mu}m$ in A. ruprechtii). The level of undulation of epidermal cell wall was also different. A. incisum had the most shallowly undulated wall, and A. castaneo-viride had a pattern intermediate between the two presumed parental species. This same patterns was recognized in the density of stomata. The density of $45.91/mm^2$ in A. castaneo-viride was intermediate between the two presumed parental species ($67.00/mm^2$ in A. incisum, and $37.86/mm^2$ in A. ruprechtii). Chromosome number was constant (2x =2n = 72) as in A. incisum and A. ruprechtii. However, A. castaneo-viride showed a different ploidy level. The populations of Mt. Mai (Jeonbuk province) and Mt. Duryun (Jeonnam province) were diploid (2n = 72) which is a new record for this taxon, whereas the population of Mt. Buram (Seoul) was tetraploid (2n = 144). Conclusively, A. castaneo-viride was revealed to be a hybrid of A. ruprechtii and A. incisum based on evidence involving leaves, spores, epidermal cells, stomata and chromosome number.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.684-696
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• 1995

A mutant for chalky endosperm and genetic male sterility (GMS) was newly developed in rice. The two characters were found to be controlled by single recessive gene which has pleiotropic effect, indicating that chalky seeds should be GMS seeds in segregating populations. Chalky seeds showed the same shape and size as normal seeds. However, starch composition of central part of endosperm was looser and shape of starch granules was rounder compared with normal endosperm, resulting in significantly lower grain weight, absolute density and grain hardness in chalky grains than in normal ones. Amylose content and gel consistency of chalky grains were much lower and harder, respectively. Male sterile plants showed much shorter plant height, poorer panicle exsertion and lesser panicle number compared with normal plants. Microspore abortion stage in pollen developmental process was observed as before meiosis. Male sterility of the mutant was stable regadless of temperature and day length. A system breeding hybrid rice using this mutant was discussed, comp ring with other systems utilizing cytoplasmic-genic male sterility(CGMS) and environment sensitive GMS(EGMS). Separation of GMS seeds in mixed seed bulks by specific gravity (1.14∼1.16g / cm3) was successful about 85∼90%. But some mixed normal plants were seemed to be easily removed by the apparent difference in growth characters at seedling stage. The highest natural outcrossing rate of this GMS line was as 17.3 % in a plot treated with 2-row pollinator, I-row GMS, and GA3 + cutting of flag leaf + pollen-scattering by rope.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.51-86
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• 1998

$\bigcirc$ 재래닭 생산물의 소비 및 구매형태 등에 대한 조사에서 종합적인 결론은 최종 소비자의 응답자는 총 2,250명이었으며 연령, 성별, 직업, 거주지, 주거형태, 가족수, 소득분포등이 비교적 다양하게 분포되어 있다. 판매업소의 특성은 지역별, 매장면적, 업주연령, 성별, 경력등에서 매장위치는 약 60%가 농촌이고 관광지 21.3%, 도시 19.0%순이였으며 매장 면적은 10-30평이 66.9%, 경력은 3년이하 27.4%, 3-5년 22.7%, 5-10년 22.2%였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭고기의 소비형태에서 육류선호도는 쇠고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기 순이였으며 재래닭고기의 소비형태에서 전체 응답자의 64.4%가 먹어본 경험이 있었다. 주로 섭취시기는 74.5%가 여름철에 식구들과 같이 회식할 때 식사대용이나 부식용으로 섭취하였다. 소비자가 재래닭고기를 좋아하는 이유는 고기가 쫄깃쫄깃하여 씹는맛과 지방이 적으며 단백한 맛 때문에 독특해서 좋아한다고 하였으며, 싫어하는 이유는 너무 질기고 고기의 양이 너무 적다는 의견이 많았다. 선호하는 요리방법은 백숙, 삼계탕이었고 좋아하는 부위는 역시 다리부위였다. 재래닭고기의 섭취량에 대하여는 1회에 2인이 1마리를 먹는다가 36.4%, 3인이 1마리 31.8%로서 68.2%가 2-3인이 1마리를 먹는다고 하였으며, 가족구성원 중에는 가장이 제일 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. $\bigcirc$ 음식점에서 판매되는 요리한 재래닭의 1마리 가격에 대한 의견은 84.5%가 20,000원정도면 부담이 없이 먹겠다고 하였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭의 구입행동에서 구입주체는 주부였으며, 구입장소는 농.축협의 슈퍼와 정육점이었고 백화점과 재래닭 사육장에서 직접구입도 하고 있었다. 구입 동기는 가족들이 좋아하고 영양가를 생각한다가 62%였으며 구입정보는 주위사람의 권유로 구입하고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 구입할 때 중점적으로 살펴보는 사항은 신선도와 순수재래종 여부, 위생상태였다. 한편 소비자가 언제나 구입할 수 없다는 의견이 85.2%나 되어 원활한 공급과 시장조성이 아직 정착되지 않고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 현재 유통되고 있는 재래종닭은 소비자 대부분이 잡종으로 인식하고 있었으며, 재래종과 일반육계와의 구별은 깃털색, 피부색, 정강이색등 외관상으로 구별하고 있었다. 체중에 대한 반응은 너무 작다는 의견이었고, 식품으로의 인식도는 비교적 고급식품으로 인식하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종닭고기의 브랜드화에 대한 견해는 젊고 소득이 높은 계층에서 브랜드화의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 소비형태는 대부분의 소비자가 좋아하였으나 아직 먹어보지 못한 응답자가 많았다. 재래종달걀의 맛에 대해서는 고소하고 독특하여 차별성을 느끼고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입장소는 계란판매점(축협.농협), 슈퍼, 백화점, 재래닭 사육 농장등 다양하였으며 포장단위는 10개를 가장 선호하였고, 포장재료는 종이, 플라스틱, 짚의 순으로 좋아하였다. $\bigcirc$ 달걀의 가격은 200원정도를 적정하다고 하였으며, 크기는 (평균 52g)는 가장 적당하다고 인식하고 있으며, 난각색은 대부분의 응답자가 갈색을 선호하였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입시 애로사항은 믿을수 없고, 구입장소를 몰라서, 값이 싸다 등이었고, 앞으로 신뢰할 수 있고 위생적인 생산 및 유통체계가 확립될 경우 더 많이 소비하겠다는 의견이었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭 판매업소(식당)의 판매형태는 66.7%인 대부분의 업소가 잡종과 개량종 유색닭을 판매하고 있었으며, 1개 업소에서 1일 판매수수는 5-10수의 영세한 판매형태였고, 계절적으로는 여름철에 대부분을 판매하였다. $\bigcirc$ 식당에서 판매하는 재래닭고기의 요리 종류는 주로 백숙이었고, 삼계탕, 닭볶음도 있었으며, 요리된 재래닭 1마리 가격은 20,000원 이상이었으며, 20,000원이하로 판매하는 잡종이 많았다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭 판매업소에서 재래닭을 구입하는 방법은 재래닭 사육농장에서 1회에 수십마리 구입하여 판매업소의 간이 사육장에서 기르면서 판매하는 업소가 49.6%, 도계된 재래닭을 구입하여 판매하는 업소 26.9%, 직접 재래닭을 사육하면서도 도계하여 판매하는 업소가 21.7%였다. 판매업소에서의 재래닭 사육기간은 90일 이상이었으며 대부분의 업주는 야산에서 방사한 것을 좋게 생각하고 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine adequate forage crop choice and optimal level of livestock manure, when different types and levels of the livestock manure were applied in corns or sorghum$\times$sorghum hybrids for the production of organic roughages by utilizing livestock manure. For the corn, yields of annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were highest in N+P+K-applied treatments, showing 17.3 and 11.7 ton/ha, respectively. Treatments applied 100% composted cattle manure (8.9 and 6.1 ton/ha) and 100% cattle slurry (9.4 and 7.5 ton/ ha) in contrast with chemical fertilizer-N had higher yields of DM and TDN than no fertilizer (4.8 and 2.7 ton/ha) and P+K-applied treatments (8.8 and 6.0 ton/ha). Particularly, treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry were markedly higher, which represented 11.4 and 7.6 ton/ha and 10.3 and 7.3 ton/ha, respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents for corns applied livestock manure ranged from 5.6 to 6.6%, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of no fertilizer (3.9%) and P+K-applied treatments (5.5%). ADF (42.4%) and NDF (58.3%) contents for no fertilizer treatment were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. However, TDN contents were higher for livestock manure treatments than for no and/or chemical fertilizer treatments. In particular, TDN contents of treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry showed 72.3 and 70.8%, respectively and both treatments were significantly (p<0.05) higher than all of the other treatments. For the sorghum$\times$sorghum hybrid, yields of annual DM and TDN for 100% (12.4 and 7.4 ton/ha) and 150% (13.1 and 7.6 ton/ha) cattle slurry-applied treatments, and N+P+K-applied treatments (12.6 and 7.7 ton/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the others. In the others, 150% composted cattle manure (9.3 and 5.2 ton/ha) had higher annual DM and TDN yields than P+K-applied (8.4 and 4.8 ton/ha) and 100% composted cattle manure treatments (7.4 and 4.2 ton/ha), with no significant difference. Crude protein contents for sorghum$\times$sorghum hybrid applied P+K and cattle slurry were 8.8 and 8.6%, respectively. CP contents for both treatments were significantly higher than those of composted manure ($7.5{\sim}8.3%$) and no fertilizer (4.0%) treatments, but 100% livestock manure treatments had higher CP contents than 150%-applied treatments. ADF and NDF contents for N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the others. However, TDN contents were highest in N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments, showing 61.2 and 58.3 to 59.4%, respectively. These results indicated that application of livestock manure instead of chemical fertilizer to the soil of forage crops might not only improve yields of DM and TDN, but also reduce environmental pollution by producing organic roughages through recycling of livestock manure.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.630-636
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• 2014

To investigate the characteristics of hybrid eggs and larva produced by olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus females and starry flounder Platichthys stellatus males, we examined the developmental speed of hybrid eggs at different water temperatures. The developmental speed of hybrid eggs tended to increase with increasing water temperature. Specifically, the hatching times were 91 hrs, 62 hrs and 43 hrs at $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mean biological minimum temperature of the hybrid was $1.3^{\circ}C$, which is in between that of the olive flounder and the starry flounder. In high water temperatureseasons, slower growth was observed in hybrids of the starry flounder which is a coldwater fish.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 1988

Even though grass species are one of major importance in livestock industry, the response of intergeneric hybridization of Lolium and Festuca and interspecific hybridization of Lolium m.X Lolium p. to Korean climatic condition has not been adequately documented. This reasearch was conducted to examine the growth characteristics and dry matter yield of Festulolium, cv. Felopa and C-Stamm N 66 and hybrid ryegrass, cv. Maja and Tetilelite. 1. The early growth of Italian ryegrass was better than that of hybrid ryegrass and Festulolium. The plant length and helght of Italian ryegrass were longerltaller than those of hybrid ryegrass and Festulolium, but the number of tillers of Italian ryegrass was less than that of hybrid ryegrass and Festulolium. 2. Festulolium and hybrid ryegrass were more tolerant than Italian xyegrass to winter killing, 70-80% of tillers was survived. 3. After wintering, early spring growth of hybrid ryegrass and Festulolium were better than that of Italian ryegrass. Dry matter yield of hybrid ryegrass and Festulolium were more than that of Italian ryegrass. 4. Spikes of hybrid ryegrass and Festulolium (C-Stamm N66) were more than those of Italian ryegrass. Seed yield per $m^2$ of hybrid ryegrass and Italian ryegrass were almost same, but that of Festulolium was lower.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.656-663
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• 2010

In order to improve the consumer acceptance of fragrant yellow hybrids of $Phalaenopsis$ ($Phal.$), crosses between yellow hybrid varieties were made and the obtained hybrids were investigated for horticultural characteristics as well as difference in fragrance patterns. Cross combination of $Phal.$ Brother lawrence and $Phal.$ Brother saragold yielded good seedling population of 500 plants. Segregation was noticed in color density, spot and stripe patterns on yellow color base of petal and also in fragrance. Six lines with multi-branch on flower stalk and strong fragrance flower were finally selected. Volatile fragrance components were compared among $Phal.$ Brother lawrence, $Phal.$ Brother saragold and their hybrids by GC/SAW electronic nose. In the derivative pattern of chromatogram and polar derivative pattern of fragrance, similar dominant peaks appeared on retention time 7-9 s and some hybrid lines had two strong peaks on retention time 20-25 s, respectively. Also in polar frequency pattern of fragrance obtained by $VaporPrint^{TM}$ image analysis among parent flowers and hybrids, an identical strong peak near 8 s of retention time was shown. This single fragrance component is considered a key element of fragrance in $Phal.$ Brother lawrence, $Phal.$ Brother saragold and their hybrids. This peak could be used as a marker for the breeding of fragrance in $Phalaenopsis$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

A total of 100 pigs were used to investigate the effects of pig breed on proximate, physicochemical, cholesterol, amino acid, fatty acid and sensory properties of loins. Crossbred pigs were alloted into one of five experimental groups [×Duroc(LYD), ×Berkshire (YBB), British Berkshire(BB), Kagoshima Berkshire(KB), Korean native black pig×Wild boars(KW; Sus coraanus)]. Pigs were slaughtered at 110 kg live weight. Moisture content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in KW than those of other pig breeds. Crude protein content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in YBB and KW than in LYD, BB, and KB. Cholesterol content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in YBB than those of other pig breeds. WHC and pH value had lower and shear force had higher(p<0.05) in YBB than those of other pig breeds. In color, LYD was significantly(p<0.05) higher in L* than those of other pig breeds. There was no significant different in a* and brittleness value among the breeds. In fatty acid and amino acid composition, KW had a higher(p<0.05) UFA/SFA, EFA/UFA ratio and EAA content but lower (p<0.05) SAAA. Total amino acid content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in LYD(20.44%) and BB (20.81%) than those of other pig breeds. In fresh meat, breeds affected meat color, drip loss, marbling score, and overall acceptability(p<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant differences were found among the breeds in the sensory parameters evaluated in the cooked meat, except for flavor

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2009

'Glory Pink' an interspecific lily cultivar was released in 2007 at National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon, Korea. The cross and ovule culture was made between FA interspecific hybrid 'FA97-30' (L. formolongi 'Raizan' ${\times}$ Asiatic lily 'A61'), a red colored cultivar, and Asiatic lily 'Sanzio', light red colored cultivar in 2001. Multiplication and bulbing, and characteristic tests were conducted from 2005 to 2006. Flowering time is around the first of July and the plant height is 131.7 cm. Flowers are upward-facing and red-pink (RHS 63C), with size of 11.3 cm. Petal length and width is 9.1 cm and 4.1 cm, respectively. Leaves are 13.8 cm long, 1.4 cm wide. The throat is dark green, and the stigma is light yellow and pollen is light brown. The weight and size of bulb is 51.1 g and 13.2 cm, respectively. For long-term storage, bulbs can be stored under -1 to -2 for year-round forcing.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2021

Schisandra nigra Max., a dioecious plant native to Jeju Island in Korea, is cultivated on a small scale for fruit production. As fruit-producing female individuals are generally considered to be more valuable than male, early identification of plant sex at the seedling stage is important. In this study, a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker associated with a female-specific region in the genome of S. nigra was investigated. Of 120 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, one primer (OPB-03) consistently amplified a 749 bp band in female plants. The female-specific PCR product was isolated and cloned, and the nucleotide sequences were then determined. Southern hybridization performed using the female-specific fragment as a probe produced positive signals only in genomic DNA from the female plants. This result revealed that the 749 bp segment of DNA was present in the genome of female plants but absent in the genome of male plants. A SCAR primer pair was designed based on the RAPD marker to amplify a 436 bp fragment in the genomic DNA of female plants. This primer pair amplified the expected size of DNA fragment in female plants and four monoecious individuals collected from a natural population. The SCAR marker identified in this study can be used to distinguish female-flowering individuals at the seedling stage.