• Title/Summary/Keyword: 잠재 변수

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A Study on Computation Methods of Monthly Runoff by Water Balance Method (물수지 개념을 이용한 월유출량 산정방법에 관한 연구)

  • Im, Dae-Sik;Kim, Hyeong-Su;Seo, Byeong-Ha
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.713-724
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    • 2001
  • Hydrologists have tried to develop monthly runoff simulation models which are important factor in wafer resources planning. One of the models called Kajiyama formu]a is widely used for monthly runoff simulation in Korea. In recent work by Xiong and Guo (1999), they suggested Two-parameter monthly water balance model to simulate the runoff and showed that the model can be used for the water resources planning program and the climate impact studies. However, they estimated two parameters of transformation of time scale, c and of the field capacity, SC by the trial and error method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the estimation methodologies of c and SC, and compare Kajiyama formula with a Two-parameter monthly water balance model to simulate the runoff in Han river and IHP representative basins in Korea. The c is estimated by using the relationship of actual and potential evaporations, and SC is estimated from association with CN. We show that the estimated c and SC can be used as the initial or optimal values in the model.

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Impact of Security, Charge and Quality on the Usage Satisfaction of Mobile Internet (모바일 인터넷의 사용만족도에 보안, 요금 및 품질변수가 미치는 영향분석)

  • Lee, Bong-Gyou;Kim, Ki-Youn;Koo, Sung-Wan
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.15D no.5
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    • pp.721-732
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to explore latent variables that affect users' satisfaction of mobile internet and to estimate a composite relationships among parameters. In order to examine causative significance between dependent variables and each of the independent variables, we redefined the variables, the quality of information, system and service derived from the DeLone and McLean's model. And we found out the new independent variables: security and service charge. Prior research adopted mainly TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) to investigate the user acceptance of information services or system. Therefore, it is significant that we developed our research model to appropriate on mobile internet's inherent nature and that focused on the important variables like service charge and security. In empirical approach, we surveyed 435 samples and conducted structural equation modeling and multi-regression analysis to estimate the regression parameters. The results of the study illustrated that our hypotheses covering the quality of information, system and service, security and service charge were supported.

Loop Closure Detection Using Variational Autoencoder in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (동시적 위치 추정 및 지도 작성에서 Variational Autoencoder 를 이용한 루프 폐쇄 검출)

  • Shin, Dong-Won;Ho, Yo-Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.250-253
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    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 동시적 위치 추정 및 지도 작성 (simultaneous localization and mapping)에서 루프 폐쇄 검출을 딥러닝 방법의 일종인 variational autoencoder 를 이용하여 수행하는 방법에 대해 살펴본다. Autoencoder 는 비감독 학습 방법의 일종으로 입력 영상이 신경망을 통과하여 얻은 출력 영상과 동일하도록 신경망을 학습시키는 모델이다. 이 때 autoencoder 중간의 병목 지역을 통과함에도 불구하고 입력과 동일한 영상을 계산해야 하는 제약조건이 있기 때문에 이는 차원 축소나 데이터 추상화의 목적으로 많이 사용된다. 여기서 한 단계 더 발전된 variational autoencoder 는 기존의 autoencoder 가 가진 단점인 입력 변수의 분포와 잠재 변수의 분포 사이에 상관관계가 없다는 단점을 해결하기 위해 Kullback-Leibler divergence 를 활용한 손실 함수를 정의하여 사용했다. 실험결과에서는 루프 폐쇄 검출에서 많이 사용되는 City-Centre 와 New College 데이터 집합을 사용하여 평가하였으며 루프 폐쇄 검출의 결과는 정밀도와 재현율을 계산하여 나타냈다.

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Concept and Procedure of Hydrologic Frequency Analysis with Climate Information (기상정보를 고려한 수문빈도해석 개념 및 절차)

  • Moon, Young-Il;Kwon, Hyun-Han
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.02a
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    • pp.727-730
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    • 2008
  • 최근 연구에 의하면 기상 등의 외부적 요인이 수문학적 빈도를 변화시킨다고 알려지고 있다. 그러나 전통적인 수문학적 빈도해석은 자료의 정상성을 전제로 하기 때문에 어떤 외부인자의 따른 영향을 고려할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 비정상성 빈도해석 모형의 기본 개념 및 절차에 대해서 살펴보았고 이를 국내 자료에 대해서 적용 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 계층적 Bayesian 방법을 이용하여 한국에서 극치사상의 영향을 미치는 다양한 영향 인자를 평가하였다. 해수면온도, 예측 GCM 강수량 및 기상인자를 잠재적인 영향인자로 고려하였다. 수문위험도 분석에 관련된 매개변수는 Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) 방법을 이용하였다. 각 예측 인자의 적합성 및 중요성은 각 예측인자와 관련된 매개변수의 사후분포를 이용하여 검토 평가하였다.

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청소년 기업가 정신이 창업의지에 미치는 영향: 기업가정신 교육만족도의 조절 효과 분석을 중심으로

  • Bae, Mi-A;Kim, Jong-Seong
    • 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2021.11a
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    • pp.35-39
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    • 2021
  • 청소년 기업가정신에 관한 관심과 기업가정신 교육의 필요성이 중요시됨에 따라 초·중·고등학교 교육과정부터 체계적인 기업가 정신 교육이 강조되고 있으며, 이와 관련한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 청소년을 대상으로 기업가정신, 긍정심리자본이 창업의지에 미치는 영향과 기업가 정신교육의 만족도가 조절효과를 갖는지 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 성별과 부모 창업의 여부를 통제한 상태에서 기업가정신의 주요 구성요소 '진취성', '위험 감수성', '혁신성'과 긍정심리자본의 '희망', '자기효능감', '회복 탄력성', '낙관주의'를 독립변수로 하였는데, 기업가정신 교육 프로그램에 참여한 청소년(중학생) 총 204명의 응답을 회수 후 실증분석을 시도 했다. 또한 기업가정신 교육의 만족도를 조절변수로 하는 연구 모형을 상정하였는데, 이는 기업가정신 및 긍정심리자본과 창업 의지의 관계에서 기업가정신 교육의 만족도가 조절 효과 여부를 확인하여 기업가정신 교육의 중요성을 밝히고 활성화를 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 통해 잠재적 창업가가 될 수 있는 청소년의 기업가정신 영향요인을 검증하고 연구자료에 다양하게 비교할 수 있는 참고자료로서 도움이 되고자 한다.

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Potential Habitats and Change Prediction of Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc. in Korea by Climate Change (기후변화에 따른 한반도 후박나무의 잠재 생육지 및 변화예측)

  • Yun, Jong-Hak;Nakao, Katsuhiro;Park, Chan-Ho;Lee, Byoung-Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.903-910
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    • 2011
  • The research was carried out in order to find climate factors which determine the distribution of Machilus thunbergii, and the potential habitats under the current climate and three climate change scenario by using classification tree (CT) model. Four climate factors; the minimum temperature of the coldest month (TMC), the warmth index (WI), summer precipitation (PRS), and winter precipition (PRW) : were used as independent variables for the model. The model of distribution for Machilus thunbergii (Mth-model) constructed by CT analysis showed that minimum temperature of the coldest month (TMC) is a major climate factor in determining the distribution of M. thunbergii. The area above the $-3.3^{\circ}C$ of TMC revealed high occurrence probability of the M. thunbergii. Potential habitats was predicted $9,326km^2$ under the current climate and $61,074{\sim}67,402km^2$(South Korea: $58,419{\sim}61,137km^2$, North Korea: $2,655{\sim}6,542km^2$) under the three climate change scenarios (CCCMA-A2, CSIRO-A2, HADCM3-A2). The Potential habitats was to predicted increase by 51~56%(South Korea: 49~51%, North Korea: 2~5%) under the three climate change scenarios. The potential expand of M. thunbergii habitats has been expected that it is competitive with warm-temperate deciduous broadleaf forest. M. thunbergii is evaluated as the indicator of climate change in Korea and it is necessary for M. thunbergii to monitor of potential habitats.

Does Process Quality of Inpatient Care Serve as a Guide to Reduce Potentially Preventable Readmission (PPR)? (의료서비스의 과정적 질과 잠재적으로 예방 가능한 재입원율과의 관계)

  • Choi, Jae-Young
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.87-106
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the association between process quality of inpatient care and risk-adjusted, thirty-day potentially preventable hospital readmission (PPR) rates. Data Sources/Study Setting: This was an observational cross-sectional study of nonfederal acute-care hospitals located in two states California and Florida, discharging Medicare patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia January through December 31, 2007. Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Compare database, and the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals. Study Design: The dependent variable of this study is condition-specific, risk-adjusted, thirty-day potentially preventable hospital readmission (PPR). 3M's PPR software was utilized to determine whether a readmission was potentially preventable. The independent variable of this study is hospital performance for process quality of inpatient care, measured by hospital adherence to recommended processes of care. We used multivariate hierarchical logistic models, clustered by hospitals, to examine the relationship between condition-specific, risk-adjusted, thirty-day PPR rates and process quality of inpatient care, after taking clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients and structural and operational characteristics of hospitals into account. Findings: Better performance on the process quality metrics was associated with better patient outcome (i.e., low thirty-day PPR rates) in pneumonia, but not generally in two cardiovascular conditions (i.e., heart failure and acute myocardial infarction). Practical Implication: Adherence to the process quality metrics currently in use by CMS is associated with risk-adjusted, thirty-day PPR rates for patients with pneumonia, but not with cardiovascular conditions. More evidence-based process quality metrics closely linked to 30-day PPR rates, particularly for cardiovascular conditions, need to be developed to serve as a guideline to reduce potentially preventable readmissions.

Relationship between Latent Classes of Socioeconomic Status and Self-Esteem among Elderly Living Alone (사회경제적 지위 잠재유형이 독거노인의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwag, Kyung Hwa
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes of socioeconomic status and to explore whether those of socioeconomic status influenced self-esteem among elderly living alone. From the data of 2009 National Elder Abuse Investigation, 1,333 older adults who were over 65 years and living alone were analyzed. Latent class analysis, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to test the purpose of this study. Results of this study found 5 latent classes of socioeconomic status, named as high education-low income group, low education-low income group, middle education-low income group, high education-high income group, and low education-high income group. Next, there were significant differences in self-esteem depending on 5 latent classes of socioeconomic status. Finally, compared to low education-low income group, high education-low income group, middle education-low income group, high education-high income group, and low education-high income group showed higher levels of self-esteem, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Findings from this study suggested fundamental characteristics and public policy for elderly living alone.

A Study on the Influence of Entrepreneurial Attitude of University Students on Entrepreneurial Potential (대학생의 기업가적 태도가 창업잠재성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Son, Jongseo;Kim, Jinsoo
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.123-141
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    • 2021
  • This research examined the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and university students' entrepreneurial potential in the entrepreneurship of university students. Accordingly, this research confirmed the significant influence between the awareness formation of entrepreneurial opportunities and the attitude toward entrepreneurial, which affect the improvement of the entrepreneurial potential of university students, and analyzed the influence relationship between the variables according to the start-up education and the role model. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, creativity, leadership, and individual control have a significant effect on information search. Insight and achievement have no statistically significant effect on information search. Second, creativity, leadership, and insight were found to have a significant effect on the information combination, and the sense of achievement and individual control did not significantly affect the information combination statistically. Third, creativity, leadership, and individual control have a significant effect on opportunity capture. Insight and achievement have no statistically significant effect on opportunity capture. Fourth, information seeking and opportunity capture have a significant effect on perceived entrepreneurship prospects, and information combination has no significant effect on statistically recognized entrepreneurship prospects. This research examined the effects of the entrepreneurship education and role model of university students, which are the subjects of entrepreneurship education activities supported by universities and governments, and suggested implications related to the entrepreneurial potential of university students who did not entrepreneurship immediately because the perceived desire for and the perceived feasibility of entrepreneurship are formed.

Is that possible to simulate daily runoff with one parameter? (하나 매개변수로 유출 모의 가능한가?)

  • Noh, Jaekyoung;An, Hyunuk;Lee, Jaenam
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.29-29
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    • 2017
  • 유역의 물수지를 강수, 증발산, 토양수분저류, 유출 등 성분으로 구성하고, 토양수분저류 상태에 따라 증발산과 유출이 변화하는 식을 기본식으로 구성하였으며, 물수지를 개선하는 매개변수를 변수화하는 개념을 도입하여 다음 식의 모형을 개발하였다. 여기서, ETa는 실제증발산량, ETo는 잠재증발산량, Q는 유출량, S는 토양수분저류량이고, C1은 증발산, C2, ${\alpha}$는 유출반응, C3, C4는 매개변수 ${\alpha}$를 변수화시키는 데 관련한 매개변수이다. $$ETa(i)=(1-e^{-c1{\times}s(i)}){\times}ETo_{(i)}$$ $$Q_{(i)}=S_{(i)}{\times}(1-e^{-c2{\times}s(i)})^{[(c3+e^{-c4{\times}s(i)}){\times}a]}$$ 모형의 검증을 위해 Monte Calro 기법으로 최적 매개변수를 결정한 결과 수많은 매개변수 조합이 최적영역에 분포되는 것을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 매개변수 하나만 남겨 놓고 나머지 매개변수는 상수화시켜도 모의결과가 똑같다는 결과를 관찰하였으며, 이를 토대로 하나 매개변수만으로 일 유출 모의가 가능하다고 결론을 내렸다. 하나의 매개변수는 ${\alpha}$를 우선 추천하고, C1도 유역의 토지이용에 따라 증발산이 변화하기 때문에 의미있다고 판단하고 있다. 하나의 매개변수를 결정하는 방법은 유출 자료가 있으면 유출량으로, 없으면 유출률을 맞추는 방법이며, 일반화하기 쉽고 실용성이 매우 높은 것으로 평가된다. 유역면적 $209km^2$인 보령댐의 2007년부터 2009년까지 Monte Calro 기법으로 매개변수를 결정한 결과 C1=0.0196, C2=0.0023, C3=0.3230, C4=0.0051, ${\alpha}=2.3304$ 이었으며, 이 때 연평균 강우량 1221.2mm, 유출량 651.2mm, 유출률 53.3%이었으며, $R^2=0.833$, RMSE=2.073, NSE=0.831이었고, 관측 유출량 610.8mm, 유출률 50.0%였다. 매개변수 C1, C2, C3, C4를 고정시키고 유출률 50%에 이를 때 ${\alpha}$는 2.6946이었으며, 이 때 $R^2=0.831$, RMSE=2.102, NSE=0.826이었고, 매개변수 C2, C3, C4, ${\alpha}$를 고정시키고 유출률 50%에 이를 때 C1은 0.0255이었으며, 이 때 $R^2=0.833$, RMSE=2.083, NSE=0.829이었다. 한편 똑같은 자료로 탱크모형은 $R^2=0.79$, RMSE=2.43, NSE=0.77이었고, SWAT 모형은 $R^2=0.56$, RMSE=3.97, NSE=0.40으로 나타난 것과 비교할 때, 개발된 모형의 성능이 우수한 것이라 결론내릴 수 있었다.

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