• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 1985

This experiment was conducted to know the difference in weed population in the five cropping patterns kept same for six years from 1976 such as ricebarley, potato-rice, pea-rice, rice-rye, and rice-fallow. More and many weeds were growing in single cropping field than double cropping field. Dominant weed species in pea-rice and potato-rice cropping patterns were M. vaginalis and S. hotarui, M. vaginalis and P. distinctus. Coefficient of similarity of the cropping patterns between pea-rice and potato-rice appeared higher than single cropping system. However, pea-rice and rice-fallow cropping patterns showed low coefficient of similarity.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2015

A universal DNA barcoding for agricultural noxious weeds is a powerful technique for species identification without morphological knowledge, by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two standard barcode markers, chloroplast rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region were used to examine the effectiveness of the markers for Pooideae barcoding using 163 individuals of 29 taxa across 16 genera of Korean Pooideae. The rbcL and ITS revealed a good level of amplification and sequencing success while matK did not. Barcode gaps were 78.6% for rbcL, 96.2% for matK, and 91.7% for ITS, respectively. Resolving powers were 89.3% for rbcL, 92.3% for matK, and 79.1% for ITS. The matK obtained the best both barcode gap and resolving power. However, it should be considered not to employ matK for Pooideae barcode because of low rate of PCR amplification and sequencing success. As a single DNA marker, rbcL and ITS were reasonable for Pooideae barcode. Barcode gap and resolving power were increased when ITS was incorporated into the rbcL. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for public use.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.454-461
• /
• 2015

This study aims to classify the biotope types based on the vegetation community in built-up areas by different land use and to map the plant communities. By classifying biotopes according to a taxonomic system, the characteristics of a biological community can be well-represented. The biotope classification indexes for the target area include human behavioral factors such as land use intensity, land-use patterns and land-cover types. The type classification was divided into four hierarchic ranks starting with Biotope Class, next by Biotope Group and Biotope Type and lastly by Biotope Sub-Type. The Biotope Class was first divided into two areas: the areas improved by humans and the areas unimproved by humans. The improved areas were again divided into permeable and non-permeable regions on the Biotope Group level. In the Biotope Type level, permeable paving areas were divided into areas with wide gap pavers and those with narrow gap pavers. The differential species of each biotope type are Lindera glauca, Conyza canadensis, Mazus pumilus, Vicia tetrasperma, Crepidiastrum sonchifolium, Zoysis japonica, Potentilla supina and Festuca arundinacea. The results of this study suggest that the biotope classification methodology, using a subjective phytosociological approach, is a useful and valuable tool and the results also suggest the possibility of applying more objective and scientific methods in mapping and classifying various environments.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2015

We have found the plants belonging to the genus Spartina which has not yet been reported for the flora of Korea. This has been distributed at Dongmak seashore in Ganghwado since 2012. These were identified as common cordgrass (Spartina anglica C. E. Hubb.) belonging to the family Poaceae, the genus Spartina. It is a perennial halophyte as an alien weed that can grow in the tidal flat, native to southern England. Here, we named it for 'Young-guk-Gaet-ggeun-pool' in Korean refer the origin, reported the distribution, spreading condition, and botanical characteristics of common cordgrass. In China, Spartina anglica was introduced in 1963, it was approved that it had benefit in a bioengineering side firstly. But it was known that as a highly invasive plant to make a monotype meadow of Spartina anglica which has deteriorate the ecological function of saltmarsh. And also it has another problem that is not easy to eradicate. The spreading of Spartina anglica which was appeared in the West coast of Korea may threaten severely to the domestic mudflat and estuary ecosystem. For the maintenance of mudflat ecosystem soundly, continuous monitoring and active eradication plans are required.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 1997

The effect of different cultural patterns on the growth and herbicidal response of rice(Oryza sativa L.) and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola) was studied tinder direct-seeded rice and early rice seedling conditions. In dry-seeded rice condition, the growth of rice and barnyardgrass was the greatest in 3cm-seeding depth and 40% soil moisture, respectively. At 10 days after herbicide application, plant height of rice was severely inhibited in 1cm-seeding depth and 50% soil moisture, and the degree of inhibition was severer at application of pendi+molinate EC as compared to that of butachlor EC. On the other hand, plant heigth of barnyardgrass by treatment of herbicides was severely reduced regardless of seeding depth and soil moisture. The lengths of barnyardgrass mesocotyl and rice coleoptile were increased with increasing seeding depth and were severely inhibited by applied herbicides in 1cm-seeding depth under dry-seeded rice condition. The dry weight of rice at different leaching times after herbicides application showed slightly decreasing trend as the leaching time was delayed, but the growth of barnyardgrass was very severely inhibited regardless of the leaching time. In addition, the phytotoxicity of rice showed decreasing trend with the increase in transplanting depth and delay of application time under early rice seedling condition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 1992

The survey of weed population in paddy field was carried out to invegstigate the weed group on 340 fields in Kyonggi Area in 1991. The weed species observed include 4 species of grasses, 7 species of sedges, and 14 species of broadleaf weeds, and the ratio of annual weed vs perennial weed was 25 : 75. Major dominant weed species were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus serotinus. The dominant weed species in South Plain Region were Echinochloa crusgalli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitariu trifolia, Cyperus strotinus, in West Coast Region were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus serotinus, in East Interior Region were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus difformis and were Sagitaria trifolia, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Echinochloa crusgalli and Monochoria vaginalis in North Region. The dominant weed species in Normal and Poorly drained soil were Eleocharis kuroguwdi, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus serotinus and were Scirpus maritinus, Cyperus serotinus, Echinochlod crusgalli and Myriophyllum verticillatum in Saline Soil. More and many weeds were growing in single cropped field than double cropped field.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.291-294
• /
• 1988

About 136 weed species belonging to 44 families occurring in summer observed in Cheju island. The Compositae was the most widely occurring family covering 29 weed species, followed by 16 species in Graminae, 14 in Leguminosae, 13 in Rosaceae, 10 in Polygonaceae etc., The dominant weed species detected in range areas of Cheju island were Trifolium repens, Botrychium virginianum, Rosa multiflora, Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica. The range areas of Cheju island consisted of the communities of Artemisia princeps-Botrychium virginianum, Artemisia princeps-Erigeron borariensis and Dianthus sinensis, and Artemisia-Lespedeza bicolor and Miscanthus sinensis and then the differential species of their communities were Botrychium virginianum, Erigeron boriensis, and Lespedeza bicolor and Miscanthus sinensis, respectively. The species of the high frequencies occurring in investigated sites were Artemisia princeps, Cirsium rhinoceros, Hydrocotyle ramijlora, Rosa multiflora, Sanguisorba officinalis, Rubus crataegifolius, Potentilla fragariodes, Erigeron annus, Plantago asiatica, Oxalis corniculata, Mosla dianthera in order.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 1981

Nationwide survey of weed population in paddy rice field was conducted from 1760 fields all around Republic of Korea in 1981. The weed species observed include 2 species of grasses, 7 species of sedges, and 18 species of broadleaf weeds, and the dominant weed species were Monochoria vaginalis, Sagitraria trifolia, Potamogeton distinstus, Sagittaria pygmea and Cyperus serotinus. More and many weeds were growing in single cropped field than double cropped field. In single cropped fields, weed population was reduced when autumn plowing was conducted. In double cropped fields, more weeds were growing in barley or wheat grown fields than vegetable gown fields. Among the five paddy soil types, more weeds were growing in saline soils and poorly drained soils than others. The proportion of annual and perennial weeds in national average was 44% and 56%, and perennials became more dominant in central part of the peninsula. Autumn plowing and double cropping appeared to reduce the perennial weed population, however, the increased perennial weed population, presumably due to continuous use of herbicides which controls mostly annuals, seemed to an urgent problem to be solved.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 1995

This experiment was carried out at Yeongnam Crop Experiment Station since 1992 to obtain basic information on ecology of weeds and weedy rice in direct-seeded rice fields. Annual grass weeds of Echinochloa sp., Leptochloa sp., Digitaria sp. and Setaria sp.(C4 plant) and weedy rice(C3 plant) were important species in direct seeded rice compared to transplanted rice field. Period of seedling emergence of barnyard grass was varied from 8 days to 20 days depending on seeding date while it was shorter 4 to 6 days than rice. Weed occurrence and the degree of yield loss were varied by cultivation method. In direct seeding method weeds increased 2 to 3 times compared to manual transplanting. The greatest yield loss was recorded in direct seeding(40 to 100%) followed by mechanical transplanting(25 to 35%) and hand transplanting(10 to 20%), in order. Double cropping of rice-barley was reduced weeds about 30% than rice single crop due to alleopathic effect of barley residue or stubble. Weedy rice(red rice) occurrence was closely related with seeding date and tillage methods. Early seeding and reduced tillage enhanced the growth of weedy rice.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 2015

Korean Poaceae includes approximately 80 species of the agricultural weeds. Precise species identification is the first step for more effective weed management in the agricultural fields. However, the identification of species in Poaceae is not easy without the assistance of taxonomists or identification experts although they are relatively easy to distinguish from the plants of the other family by the unique characteristics of caryopsis. Thus, DNA barcode was suggested as an alternative powerful technique for species identification by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two standard barcode markers of vascular plants, chloroplast rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region were used for barcode of major Korean Poaceae weeds, 403 individuals of 84 taxa. All the barcode markers revealed a good level of sequencing success with the lowest 73.7% for matK and the highest 88.8% for rbcL. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for public use. Combined matK and ITS showed very high resolving power with 92.9%. Besides the identification of weeds for weed managment, the generated DNA barcode data could be used for many other applications such as rapid biodiversity assessment and conservation prioritization.