• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.183-183
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• 1999

배경 : 주로 palatal defect 환자들의 상악(maxilla)의 결손으로 인한 형태와 기능을 복구시키기 위한 보철적 재활(prosthetic rehabilitation)방법으로 쓰이는 obturator는 비음의 초래를 막고 vocal tract의 모양에 영향을 줄 수 있으나, palatal cancer 환자를 대상으로 말산출(speech production)에 관한 obturator 장착 효과에 대한보고는 거의 없다. 또한 모음은 자음에 비해 더 nasality에 영향을 주며 모음 삼각도의 면적크기가 말 명료도의 객관적인 측정치로 사용될 수 있다. 연구목적 : Palatal cancer 환자의 obturator 장착 전후 모음 산출 측정치를 통해 모음 삼각도의 크기를 비교함으로써, obturator 장착이 말 명료도 개선에 어느 정도의 효과를 주는지 보고자 하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2018

This paper proposes a license-plate recognition algorithm for automobile black-box image which is obtained from the camera moving with the automobile. The algorithm intends to increase the overall recognition-rate of the license-plate by increasing the Korean character recognition-rate using multi-stage neural network for automobile black-box image where there are many movements of the camera and variations of light intensity. The proposed algorithm separately recognizes the vowel and consonant of Korean characters of automobile license-plate. First, the first-stage neural network recognizes the vowels, and the recognized vowels are classified as vertical-vowels('ㅏ','ㅓ') and horizontal-vowels('ㅗ','ㅜ'). Then the consonant is classified by the second-stage neural networks for each vowel group. The simulation for automobile license-plate recognition is performed for the image obtained by a real black-box system, and the simulation results show the proposed algorithm provides the higher recognition-rate than the existing algorithms using a neural network.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.181-188
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• 1998

In order to examine the legibility of the Hangul letters which is a syllabic, the three kind of visual charts were made of the ninety eight($14{\times}7$) Hangul Gothic type letters by the laser printer. These Hangul letters were constructed with the 13 consonant letters which are 'ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ', and the 6 vowel letters which are 'ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅣ'. The two examination methods were used, One is the discriminating the letters on the visual chart by men having 1.5 visual acuity. The other is the using the laser printer's resolution. Obtained data by these examination methods are the minimum readable size values of the letters and the maximum readable distance values from the reader to the objects. From these data the relative legibility of the Hangul letters were calculated, where the letter ㄱ was chosen for the standard. This resultant data were analyzed. In this result, the mean legibility of these Hangul letters descended in the order of 'ㄱ, ㄴ, ㅅ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㅇ, ㅁ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ' Which are the consonant letters being in these letters. And the mean legibility descended in 'ㅣ, ㅡ, ㅏ, ㅗ, ㅓ, ㅜ' order. The mean legibility is dependent on used consonant letter more then on used vowel.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.614-623
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• 1994

Synthesizing speech and facial images is necessary for human interface that man and machine converse naturally as human do. The target of this paper is synthesizing the facial images. In synthesis of the facial images a three-dimensional (3-D) shape model of the face is used for realizating the facial expression variations and the lip shape variations. The various facial expressions and lip shapes harmonized with the syllables are synthesized by deforming the three-dimensional model on the basis of the facial muscular actions. Combications with the consonants and the vowels make 14.364 syllables. The vowels dominate most lip shapes but the consonants do a part of them. For determining the lip shapes, this paper investigates all the syllables and classifies the lip shapes pattern according to the vowels and the consonants. As the results, the lip shapes are classified into 8 patterns for the vowels and 2patterns for the consonants. In advance, the paper determines the synthesis rules for the classified lip shape patterns. This method permits us to obtain the natural facial image with the various facial expressions and lip shape patterns.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.173-184
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• 1992

본 논문에서는 일반적인 음성 합성 시스템과 모음-자음-모음(VCV) 연쇄음을 단위로 한 규칙 합성에 대해 고찰하고, 한국어의 음성 합성을 위한 VCV 연쇄음의 종류와 각 연쇄음의 빈도 및 사용예를 조사하기 위하여 약11만 단어의 어휘 목록과 3만 6천행 가량의 한글 문서를 분석, 연구한 결과를 기술하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 한국어의 음성 합성에는 약 2500여 증류의 VCV 연쇄음이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.67-82
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate relation and effect of PCC(Percentage of Correct Consonant) and nasalance score on the speech intelligibility and acceptability in adults with dysarthria by reading task of standardized passage. Ten adults with dysarthria and sixteen normal adults were participated in this study. PCC and nasalance score were measured through reading task of standardized passage. And, speech intelligibility and acceptability were examined using visual analogue criteria. The result of the study was as follows. First, the nasalance score of adults with dysarthria group is significantly higher than normal adults group in reading sample by standardized passage. Second, the PCC, speech intelligibility and acceptability shows significant correlation. However, the nasalance score doesn't show significant corelation with speech intelligibility and acceptability. These results suggest that PCC is closely related to speech intelligibility and speech acceptability, but nasalance score is not related to speech intelligibility and speech acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.325-353
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• 2016

The visual span refers to the number of letters that can be accurately recognized without moving one's eyes. The size of the visual span is affected by sensory factors such as perimetric complexity, crowding, and mislocation of letters. Korean Hangul utilizes rather unique alphabetic-syllabary writing system, quite different from English and Chinese writing systems. Due to this combinatorial nature of the script, the visual span for Hangul characters can also be affected by the letter type (e.g., CV vs CVCC). The present study examined the effect of syllable complexity on the visual span for Hangul by comparing letter recognition accuracy across four letter type conditions (C only, CV, CVC, and CVCC). We also aimed to determine the meaningful letter type(s) that is associated with differences in reading abilities in Korean. Using a trigram presentation method, we found that overall recognition accuracy declined as syllable complexity increased. However, the visual span for CVC type was greater than that for CV type, suggesting that the effect is not necessarily linear, and that there might be other factors affecting the visual span for these types of letters. C and CV type showed fairly strong positive correlations with reading comprehension, suggesting that these might be the meaningful units for measuring visual span in relating to reading abilities.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2E
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• pp.63-72
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 무제한 음성 생성을 위한 단위음성으로서의 다이폰을 2음절 자연음성으로부터 자동 추출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 입력음성을 개량 켑스트럼 파라미터로 분석하여 이로부터 다이폰 추출 파라미터들을 도출한다. 제안된 파라미터로는 에너지 레벨을 나타내는 0차 켑스트럼의 동적변화량, 스펙트럼의 시간 변화량 영교차율, 캡스트럼의 유클리디안 거리이다. 스펙트럼 포락의 변화가 완만한 모음 연쇄등의 음소 경계를 보다 효율적으로 검출하기 위해 스펙트럼의 시간 변화를 미세부분과 개형부분으로 나누어 각각을 파라미터로 사용한다. VV(모음연쇄), VCV(C: 반모음, 자음), VCCV형들로 이루어진 2음절 단어들에 대해 실험한 결과, 모음연쇄 등이 포함되어 있음에도 약 85% 정확도의 음소경계검출을 얻었다. 본 논문에 의한 다이폰을 이용한 합성음의 청취실험 결과 명료도가 높음을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.686-698
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• 1989

In this paper, The new algorithm of spectrum moment for format frequency estimation is proposed. The second oder and the third order spectrum moment, which reflect variance and skewness of a spectrum pattern, respectively, is utilized to adjust the frequency region for estimation precision of format frequency. As the results. the F1-F2 diagram reported 8 Korean vowels for man and woman and that we found articulation method of vowel and vowel, vowel and consonant.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2020

Vowel articulation in subjects related to speech disorders seems to be difficult. A chant method that properly reflects the characteristics of language could be used as an effective way of addressing the difficulties. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the chant method is effective as a means of enhancing vowel articulation. The subjects of this study were 60 normal adults (30 males and 30 females) in their 20s and 30s whose native language is Korean. Eight utterance conditions including chanting and reading conditions were recorded and their acoustic data were analyzed. The results of the analysis of the acoustic variables related to the formant confirmed that the F1 and F2 values of the vowel formants are increased and the direction of movement of the center of gravity of the vowel triangle is statistically significantly forwarded and lowered in the chant method in both the word and the phrase context. The results also proved that accent is the most influential musical factor in chant. There was no significant difference between four repeated tokens, which increased the reliability of the results. In other words, chanting is an effective way to shift the center of gravity of the vowel triangle, which suggests that it can help to improve speech intelligibility by forming a desirable place for articulation.