• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.464-471
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• 2013

In this study, the resource efficiency and future metal resource requirement in photovoltaic (PV) production system were evaluated by using material balance data and life cycle assesment (LCA) method. As a result, in the resource efficiency of ferrous and non-ferrous metal, lead and tin had higher resource efficiency than other materials in all PV systems (SC-Si, MC-Si, CI(G)S, CdTe). In the resource efficiency of rare metals, gallium and rhenium in silicon system and rhenium and rhodium in thin-film system ranked as the first and second high resource efficiency. In case of rare earth metal, gadolinium and samarium took higher resource efficiency. The results of the future metal resource requirement in PV systems showed that 2,545,670 ton of aluminium, 92,069 ton of zinc, 22,044 ton of copper, 1,695 ton of tin and 31 ton of nickel will be needed by 2030 in South Korea, except resource recycling supplement.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.291-302
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• 2014

The Chinese government and its agencies were trying in order to solve the unstability of resource supply and demand. Ministry of Land and Resources of China(MLR) carried out a lot of national-level policy and planning for estimating the domestic mineral and energy resources potential and recoverable reserves, as the Chinese land and resources survey plan(1999~2010), the Chinese mineral resource survey and exploration plan(2008~2020), announcement for shale gas industry policies of China, the Chinese shale gas resources evaluation and selection project for its development priority areas(2012), and the plan for Chinese shale gas development(2011~2015). The two large sedimentary basins of Chinese shale gas reserves are Sichuan and Tarim basins with excellent potential, accounting for majority of the estimated national reserves. Recoverable gas-bearing shale of China was surveyed to be widespread. The volume of recoverable shale gas reservoirs in China has been estimated to be around 31 trillion cubic meters(1,115 trillion cubic feet). China is one of only three countries with the US and Canada to produce shale gas in commercial quantities. China is concentrating on technology development to enhance commercial production of shale gas, and on survey and exploration activities to increase its recoverable reserves. The trends related to shale gas development and R&D activities in China to respond to changes in international oil market should be actively monitored based on analysis of Chinese policies and technology.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.26-36
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• 2014

The materials flow of copper can be analyzed into up-stream and down-stream stages based on the literature survey. Discharge and recycling stages in the down-stream have been particularly analyzed through the field survey. The waste nickel resources circulation flow may conveniently be grouped into 4 stages discharge import, collection disuse, resource recovery and product production export, the resources mainly consist of copper scrap and stainless steel scrap in 2010. The resource circulation rate of 36.83% is obtained from the above flow. Various plans are therefore, suggested in each stage to increase resource circulation rate. At discharge import stage, it is suggested to consider this kind of waste as an important resources if it is appropriately classified in detail, basides applying quota tariff to this kind of waste. At collection disuse stage, the plan of stabilizing supply and demand is suggested through the improvement of bidding system. Resources professional cycling stage crushing and grinding companies foster coexistence between large and small plans and strategies were suggested. At product production export stage, the integrated approval is suggested approval for licensing to register units as waste-treating facilities instead of exempting registration under the present condition to activate recycling industries.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.2 s.14
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

In the construction industry, projects are becoming increasingly large and complex, involving multiple subcontractors. Traditional centralized coordination techniques used by the general contractors become less effective as subcontractors perform most wok and provide their own resources. When subcontractors cannot provide enough resources, they hinder their own performance as well as that of other subconractors and ultimately the entire project Thus, construction projects need a new distributed coordination approach wherein all of the concerned subcontractors can reschedule a project dynamically. To enable the distributed coordination framework of project schedule changes, the author developed an agent-based compensatory negotiation methodology, which allows intelligent software agents to simulate negotiations on behalf of their human subcontractors. In addition to this theoretical work, 1 designed and implemented a prototype to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework. Thus, this research formalizes the necessary steps that would help construction project participants to increase the efficiency of their resource use, which in turn will enhance successful completions of whole projects.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

The GTL(Gas to Liquids) technology, manufacturing synthesized oil from natural gas, had been developed about 1920 for the military purpose by Fischer and Tropsch, German scientists. And 1960, Sasol company had started commercializing the FT(Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis technology, for the transport fuel in South Africa. Until a recent date, the commercialization of GTL technology had been delayed by low oil price. But concern about depletion of petroleum resources, and development in synthesizing technology lead to spotlight on the GTL businesses. Especially, Qatar, which has rich natural gas fields, aims at utilizing natural gas like conventional oil resources. Therefore, around this nation, GTL plants construction has been promoted. There are mainly 3 processes to make GTL products(Diesel, Naphtha, lube oil, etc) from natural gas. The first is synthesis gas generation unit reforming hydrogen and carbomonoxide from natural gas. The second is FT synthesis unit converting synthesized gas to polymeric chain-hydrocarbon. The third is product upgrading unit making oil products from the FT synthesized oil. There are quite a little sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds in GTL products. GTL product has environmental premium in discharging less harmful particles than refinery oil products from crude to the human body. In short, the GTL is a clean technology, easier transportation mean, and has higher stability comparing to LNG works.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.496-504
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• 2023

Countries worldwide are striving to find new sources of sustainable energy without carbon emission due to the increasing impact of global warming. With the advancement of the fourth industrial revolution on a global scale, there has been a substantial rise in energy demand. Simultaneously, there is a growing emphasis on utilizing energy sources with minimal or zero carbon content to ensure a stable power supply while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this comprehensive overview, a comparative analysis of carbon reduction policies of government was conducted. Based on international carbon neutrality scenarios and the presence of remaining thermal power generation, it can be categorized into two types: "Rapid" and "Safety". For the domestic scenario, the projected power demand and current greenhouse gas emissions in alignment with "The 10th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand" was examined. Considering all these factors, an overview of the current status of carbon neutrality technologies by focusing on the energy sector, encompassing transitions, hydrogen, transportation and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) was offered followed by summarization of key technological trends and government-driven policies. Furthermore, the central aspects of the domestic carbon reduction strategy were proposed by taking account of current mega trends in the energy sector which are highlighted in international scenario analyses.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.27-39
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• 2022

The global demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been continuously increasing since the 1990s along with the growth of the portable electronic device market. Of late, the rapid growth of the electric vehicle market has further accelerated the demand for LIBs. The demand for the LIBs is expected to surpass the supply of lithium from natural resources in the near future, posing a risk to the global lithium supply chain. Moreover, the continuous accumulation of end-of-life LIBs is expected to cause serious environmental problems. To solve these problems, recycling the spent LIBs must be viewed as a critical technological challenge that must be urgently addressed. In this study, recycling LIBs using pyrometallurgical processes and post-processes for efficient lithium recovery are briefly reviewed along with the major accomplishments in the field and current challenges.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.269-296
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• 2006

With the concern of the potential problems which can be observed in terms of the power supply of renewable energies, we need to analyze the impact of additional power generation capacities of renewable energy sources on peak load. Each renewable energy sources are dependent upon wind speed, solar radiation, head differences caused by lunar calendar. Considering that these exogenous renewable energy sources follow their own stochastic distributions, we analyze the probability distribution of the impact of each renewable energy power supply on peak load. As a conclusion, we note that traditional tools used for the analysis of power supply such as capacity factors are no longer appropriate for the analysis of renewable energy sources in that perspective.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2011

In this study, considering a degree of proliferation resistance and sustainability, development status of perspective recycling systems for spent nuclear fuels (SNF) is comprehensively reviewed on the basis of the urgent needs of sustainable management measures for high level radioactive wastes such as spent nuclear fuels (SNF).

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.148-150
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• 2008

지구온난화와 화석연료의 고갈 등 에너지관련 문제들이 발생함에 따라 제한된 자원의 효율적인 소비가 중요한 연구주제로 다루어지고 있다. 특히 자원수입국인 우리나라의 경우는 국제 유가 급등과 같은 에너지파동에 상당히 민감하기 때문에 에너지 관리를 통한 정확한 수급정책 수립 및 효율적인 소비생활이 무엇보다 중요하다. 이를 위해 우선적으로 취할 수 있는 해결책 중의 하나가 댁내 가전기기의 불필요한 전력낭비를 최소화하는 것이다. 이번 연구에서는 전력선통신(PLC)기반 원격검침 인프라를 활용하여 1차적으로 가전기기의 대기전력을 지능적으로 관리함으로써 전력낭비를 최소화하고 2차적으로 전력소비모니터링 서비스를 제공함으로써 사용자가 능동적으로 전력소비를 줄일 수 있도록 하는 지능형 홈에너지 관리시스템을 개발하였으며, 실제 수용가를 대상으로 구축, 운영함으로써 향후 에너지를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.