• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1990

Intestinal histopathological changes due to infection with Echinostcma hortense (Trematoda) were studied in rats after experimental infection with the metacercariae. The metacercariae were obtained from the tadpoles of Rana nigrcmaculata, a second intermediate host infected in the laboratory. Total 18 albino rats(Sprague-Dawley) were given 200 matacercariae each and sacrificed on the day 1, 3, 7, 11, 22 or 44 post-infection(PI) Segments of- the small intestine at 1, 3, 5, 8 and 30 cm posterior to the pylorus(PTP) were rejected and studied histopathologically. 1. The flukes were seen to have intruded into the intervillous space in the upper small intestine at early stages(1∼3 days PI), however, they were located mainly in the intestinal lumen at later stages(7∼44 days PI) . The flukes were sucking and destroying the epithelial layers of villi with their oral and ventral suckers. 2. Histopathological changes of the intestine were recognizable in as early as 1∼3 days after infection, and the changes became severer as the infection progressed. 3. The intestinal mucosa was histopathologically characterized by villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia throughout the infection period. Major villous changes were blunting, fusion, severe destruction and loss of epithelial layers of villi. Villous/crypt(V/C) height ratio was remarkably reduced from 3 : 1 in controls to 1 : 1 in severely infected animals. In the stroma of villi, inaamma- tory cell infiltrations, vascular congestion, edema, and/or fibrosis were recognized. The goblet cells were increased in number after 11 days PI. It was revealed in the present study that the pathological changes in the intestine of rats infected with E. hortense were chieay confined to the mucosal layer of the upper small intestine, however, the changes were very severe accompanying remarkable destruction of villi and loss of mucosal integrity, and persistent until 44 days PI.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.51-73
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop a family life educational program and verify the effectiveness hereof in order to improve a family life and enhance practice ability for marriage immigrant women. The content of family life educational program was composed based on the family life education lesson of the home economics textbooks. The adequacy of the program content was verified by the two experts. The study subjects were the 14 marriage immigrant women living in J-gu of Seoul and the program was conducted for 3 days from September 16 to October 7 2014 at the Seoul J Multicultural Family Support Center. As for program evaluation, this study conducted both an objective evaluation and subjective evaluation (semi-structured interview and survey). The author of this study composed the questions of the objective evaluation on the basis of the previous studies and home economics textbooks. The aforementioned two experts verified the questions thereof. The important findings of this study are as follows. First, this study developed the family life educational program that consisted of a total of 8 rounds on the basis of "the happy family life education lesson led by family". Second, this study ensured that the family life educational program for marriage immigrant women would help understand the Korean traditional culture and also the family culture of their homeland. Also, this study aimed to allow the study subjects to develop an attitude to respect the diversity of family life culture. Third, it was found that the effectiveness of the program was statistically significant in the objective evaluation through the ex ante and ex post assessment as a result of the program effectiveness test. From the subjective evaluation, all the participants had a high degree of satisfaction with more than 4.0 points in all of the following areas: program objective achievement, adequacy of program contents and activities and program operation. As a result of the subjective evaluation through the semi-structured interview, this study confirmed a high level of desire for family life education through the willingness of marriage immigrant women to continue to learn the in-depth contents related to family life education. The above findings of this study imply that a family life educational program based on home economics can play a critical role in implementing a healthy family life education for marriage immigrant women.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2012

This study suggested a method of forecasting market-share of each mode after introducing new urban rail transit lines. The study reflected the observed market share of presently operating urban rail transit into forecasting process in order to improve accuracy in predicting market share of each modes. For more realistic representation of the forecasting model, we categorized O/D pairs according to attributes of trip distance, access time and number of transfers. The analysis results of traveler's mode choice behavior with observed data showed that the trip distances are longer, the share of urban rail tends to be higher, and that the number of transfers is fewer and the access times are lesser, the share of urban rail also tends to be higher. Then, incremental logit model was used in estimating mode choice probabilities for O/D pairs along with rail transit lines while utilizing observed market shares of each modes and differences in transit service level. As the next step, the market share of rail transit after introducing new rail transit lines was forecasted by using incremental logit model with the intial share values calculated the previous analysis step. It also reflected changes in level of service for automobile in highway due to changes in highway systems and changes in mode shares after introducing new lines of rail transit. It can be expected that the proposed method would more realistically duplicates phenomena of mode choice behavior for rail transit and that it would be more theoretically logical than the typical existing methods using SP data and incremental logit model or using addictive logit model in this country.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.337-348
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• 2012

The Yellow Sea Ecoregion Conservation Project is a joint international project which is carried out under the purposes of conserving the habitats in the Yellow Sea Ecoregion and biodiversity from various threats that damage ecosystems, informing the importance and value of the Yellow Sea Ecoregion, and promoting the understanding and interests of Korea, China and Japan. Subsequent to the Yellow Sea Ecoregion Planning Programme which had been performed during the period from 2002 to 2006, the Yellow Sea Ecoregion Support Project has been performed over 7 years in total from 2007 to 2014. Panasonic is sponsoring the financing of the project, and the organizations in charge of the project by country are Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology for Korea and World Wide Fund for Nature branches for China and Japan. While the Yellow Sea Ecoregion Planning Programme was focused on the biological assessment and the selection of potential priority area by scientific review, the Yellow Sea Ecoregion Support Project is oriented toward practical activities targeting more diversified stakeholder. Especially, this project plans to support direct conservation activities in the region and participation and cooperation from local residents. The project plan is comprised of 3 phases. During the first period from 2008 to 2009, small grant projects were operated targeting 16 institutions of Korea and China, and for the second period from 2010 to 2012, one place each was selected as demonstration site for habitat conservation in Korea and China respectively and supported for three years to introduce the conservation method based on international standards such as the management of marine protected areas, ecosystem-based management and community-based management and simultaneously to develop habitat conservation activities suitable for national and regional characteristics. During the period from 2013 to 2014 which is the last phase, the project plans to distribute the performance of small grant projects and demonstration site activities through a series of forums among stakeholder. Through the activities described above, the recognition of general public on the conservation of the Yellow Sea Ecoregion was changed positively, and community-based management began to be reflected in the policies for the marine protected areas of central and local government.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.305-316
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• 2013

To find out if modern roundabout is still effective under drivers behavior and driving conditions in Busan Metropolitan City, the effects before and after introduction of roundabout were analyzed. According to analysis on velocity profile at roundabout, velocity deviation decreased, and average vehicle speed was close to design speed. As a result, it has been confirmed that most roundabouts were properly built. In terms of traffic operation, average vehicle speed improved by 87.2% when a traffic intersection was replaced by a roundabout. therefore, it has been found out that the introduction of roundabout has a positive effect on increasing vehicle speed by reducing traffic congestion. In addition, annual benefits expected from the replacement from a traffic intersection to a roundabout were KRW 872 million as follows; KRW 410 million in traffic communication, KRW 39 million in transportation safety, KRW 255 million in energy saving, KRW 95 million in reduction of air pollution and KRW 73 million in reduction of traffic signal installation cost. In other words, if 10% (193 spots) of all traffic intersections (1,926 spots in total) in Busan City are replaced by roundabouts, the municipal authority would be able to save about KRW 168.3 billion. According to analysis on the benefits expected from the installation of roundabouts compared to the investment cost for traffic intersections, about KRW 679 million could be saved per roundabout. Considering 10% of all traffic intersections in the City of Busan, about KRW 131 billion could be saved annually. The traffic accidents in roundabout usually occur because drivers aren't aware of right-of-way rules. Once the right-of-way rules settle, the number of traffic accidents would significantly decrease. In addition, it is urgent to promote education and campaign for drivers, pedestrians and bikers on the roundabout.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

The study begin with a basic concept, if the occupancy length of vehicle detector is directly proportional to the delay of vehicle. That is, it analogize vehicle's delay of a occupancy time. The results of a study was far superior in the estimation of a queue length. It is a very good points the operator is not necessary to optimize s1, s2, Thdoc. Thdoc(critical congestion degree) replaced 0.7 with 0.2 - 0.3. But, if vehicles have been experience in delay was not occupy vehicle detector, the study is in existence some problems. In conclusion, it is necessary that stretch queue detector or install paired queue detector. Also I want to be made steady progress a following study relation to this study, because it is required traffic signal control on congestion.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.39-60
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• 2020

Block chain technology is one of the core elements for realizing the 4^th industrial revolution, and many efforts have been made by government and companies to provide services based on block chain technology. In this study we analyzed the benefits of block chain technology for EVMS and designed EVMS block chain platform with increased data security and work efficiency for project management data, which are important assets in monitoring progress, foreseeing future events, and managing post-completion. We did the case studies on the benefits of block chain technology and then conducted the survey study on security, reliability, and efficiency of block chain technology, targeting 18 block chain experts and project developers. And then, we interviewed EVMS system operator on the compatibility between block chain technology and EVM Systems. The result of the case studies showed that block chain technology can be applied to financial, logistic, medical, and public services to simplify the insurance claim process and to improve reliability by distributing transaction data storage and applying security·encryption features. Also, our research on the characteristics and necessity of block chain technology in EVMS revealed the improvability of security, reliability, and efficiency of management and distribution of EVMS data. Finally, we designed a network model, a block structure, and a consensus algorithm model and combined them to construct a conceptual block chain model for EVM system. This study has the following contribution. First, we reviewed that the block chain technology is suitable for application in the defense sector and proposed a conceptual model. Second, the effect that can be obtained by applying block chain technology to EVMS was derived, and the possibility of improving the existing business process was derived.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2007

As a result of having surveyed and analyzed recognition and requirement of dental hygienists for Academic Credit Bank System, the recognition on Academic Credit Bank System accounted for 70.8%, and in terms of information media recognized, surrounding people were the highest with 52.4%. And, in case of the response as saying of being willing to participate, an opportunity of acquiring a bachelor's degree accounted for 24.0%, and in case of the response as saying of being unwilling to participate, the lack of time that will take part in education activity accounted for 13.7%, thereby having been surveyed to be the most preferential choice, respectively. The importance by sphere in course programs was indicated to be the sphere of preventive dental treatment with 3.61, the sphere of dental management with 3.38, the sphere of oral health education with 3.09, the sphere of medical-treatment coordination with 2.82, and the sphere of community dental health with 2.11 in order. The importance by field of sphere in course programs was indicated to be high in the field of oral health education by subject with 2.30 for the field of sphere in oral health education, in the field of plaque control and oral prophylaxis with 3.53 for the field of sphere in preventive dental treatment, in the field of management of the fluoride mouth-rinsing programme with 2.86 for the field of sphere in community dental health, in the field of counselling with 3.24 for the field of sphere in dental management, and in the field of medical-treatment assistance with 1.53 for the field of sphere in medical-treatment coordination.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.279-288
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• 2007

Today, design is not free from fashion, which emerges and vanishes temporarily, and aims at equalization. As a result, products quickly become obsolete because of fashion. This means that the span of products is determined by a social concept, which is not clarified, regardless of their functions. Usable products will gradually disappear from us and it will cause serious environmental problems, unless we can find out measures against fashion. As such, it is important to study the characteristics of the shaker's design in this circumstance. The Shaker's community has a distinguishable difference from other general societies. Temporary fashion and misled information cannot interfere with their consciousness. Religion, the life and the principle of design have developed on the same level in their community. Especially, any decoration or the difference of materials is not allowed in shaker's design. It reflects their thinking that all people are equal in the sight of God. Therefore, any decoration for social and economical superiority can not be used. Through this consciousness, they can be free from fashion or decoration. They, also, believe that they can reach perfection through practicality and simplicity. The reason why shaker's design is not disturbed by fashion is that their belief is involved in their design. Consequently, if religious or conscious contents are primarily set up, design can be free from fashion and products can be used for a long time.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate the determinants of product design and analyze the impacts of product design on quality competitiveness, product reliability, and consumer satisfaction in an attempt to provide a foundation for the theory of design management. For this empirical analysis, this study has derived the relevant measurement variables from a survey on 400 Korean manufacturing firms during the period of $August{\sim}October$ 2003. The empirical findings are summarized as follows: First, the determinants of product design are very significantly (at p<0.001) estimated to be the R&D capability, the level of R&D expenditure, the level of innovative activities(5S, TQM, 6Sigma, QC, etc.). This empirical result can support Pawar and Driva(1999)'s two principles by which the performance of product design and product development can be simultaneously evaluated in the context of CE(concurrent engineering) of NPD(newly product development) activities. Second, the hypothesis on the causality: product design${\rightarrow}$quality competitiveness${\rightarrow}$customer satisfaction${\rightarrow}$customer loyalty is very significantly (at p<0.001) accepted. This implies that product design positively affects consumer satisfaction, not directly but indirectly, by influencing quality competitiveness. This empirical result of this study can also support the studies of for example Flynn et al.(1994), Ahire et at.(1996), Afire and Dreyfus(2000) which conclude that design management is a significant determinant of product quality. The aforementioned empirical results are important in the following sense: the empirical result that quality competitiveness plays a bridging role between product design and consumer satisfaction can reconcile the traditional debate between QFD(quality function development) approach asserted by product developers and conjoint analysis maintained by marketers. The first empirical result is related to QFD approach whereas the second empirical result is related to conjoint analysis. At the same time, the empirical results of this study can support the rationale of design integration(DI) of Ettlie(1997), i.e., the coordination of the timing and substance of product development activities performed by the various disciplines and organizational functions of a product's life cycle. Finally, the policy implication (at the corporate level) from the empirical results is that successful design management(DM) requires not only the support of top management but also the removal of communication barriers, (i.e. the adoption of cross-functional teams) so that concurrent engineering(CE), the simultaneous development of product and process designs can assure product development speed, design quality, and market success.