• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2013

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by impaired transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the proximal renal tubule, resulting in the formation of cystine stones. It is believed to account for about 1% of all kidney stones and up to 10% of pediatric stones. Here we report a case of cystinuria with multiple renal stones confirmed by genetic mutational analysis. An 8-month-old girl was admitted to AMC with persistent fever and multiple renal stones. A renal sonogram showed multiple stones at the right renal pelvis, right distal ureter, and left renal medullary portion. An approximately 1 cm renal stone was extracted spontaneously, and stone analysis revealed it to be composed entirely of cystine. Cystinuria was confirmed by increased urine dibasic amino acid levels, including cysteine, and genetic mutational analysis showed the patient to be a homozygote for the pathogenic c. 1820del (p.L607fs) of SLC3A1. Despite treatment with oral hydration and urinary alkalinization, and restricted intake of animal protein, the stones increased in size and number. The patient has since been treated with tiopronin.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1998

This study is to examine the energy budget of Hexagrammos agrammus in the natural habitat, based on the von Bertalanffy's growth model using food consumption and growth data of the fish. The fish were collected at the coasts of Tongbaek Island in Pusan and Shinsu Island in Samchonpo, Korea. The standard energy budget model was adopted for this study and the model has the components of toed consumption (C), production (G), assimilation (A), absorption ($A_b$), catabolism (R), excreta (U) and feces (F). These components were expressed as mass unit, not as calorie unit as usual. Both the mass and the proportion of each component varied with age of the fish, The mass of annual excreta declined as the fish became older, while those of the other components increased with the age. The relationship between mean weight (W) and annual absorption ($A_b$) was a non-linear one with the equation of $A_b=4.592W^{0.666}$, while that between mean weight (W) and annual catabolism (R) was linear as R=0.007+0.567W. On the other hand, the annual food consumption (C) showed linear relations both with annual assimilation (A) and annual catabolism (R) as A= -7.026+0.061C and R=-20.749+0.048C, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2020

Global warming is a very important problem as it causes rapid climate change and natural disasters. Therefore, researches related to renewable energy are being actively conducted while promoting policies such as reducing carbon dioxide emission and increasing the proportion of renewable energy. Solar power generation is being applied in urban areas like BIPV as well as existing idle areas outside the city. Therefore, in this study, precast concrete blocks developed for paving roadways capable of solar power generation were designed and constructed. For the evaluation of field applicability for 6 months, skid resistance and block settlement were measured. As a result of the experiment, it was found that skid resistance satisfies the standard of general roadway in Korea, but not the standard of highway. The skid resistance tended to decrease as time passed. In addition, the settlement of the block gradually increased slightly, but it is much smaller than the allowable settlement of the roadway. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a maintenance period and method based on the periodic measurement results in the future.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2022

Ticks are the arthropod vector capable of transmitting diverse pathogens, which include bacteria, viruses, protozoan and fungi. Ticks are able to survive under stressful environmental conditions. One of evolutionary outcomes of these obligatory hematophagous arthropods is the survival for extended periods of time without a blood meal during off-host periods. Water conservation biology and heat tolerance have allowed ticks to thrive even under high temperatures and low relative humidity, thus they have become highly successful arthropods as they are distributed globally. Tick osmoregulatory physiology is a complex mechanism, which involves multiple osmoregulatory organs (salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, hindgut and synganglion) for the acquisition and excretion of water and ions. Blood feeding and water vapor uptake have been early reported as the primary passages for ixodid tick to acquire water. Recently, we have learned that ticks can actively drink environmental water allowing hydration. The acquired water can be traced to the salivary glands (type I acini) and the midgut diverticula. This opens new avenues for tick management through the delivery of toxic agents into their drinking water, in addition to an alternative strategy for the study of tick physiology. Here we address the osmoregulatory physiology in the ixodid ticks as a potential target physiological mechanism for tick control. We discuss the implications of water drinking behavior for tick control through the delivery of toxic agents and discuss the dermal excretion physiology as an additional pathway to induce tick dehydration and tick death.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2022

The term environmental, social and governance (ESG) was first used in the 2003 United Nations Environmental Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI). Among the three areas of ESG, environment refers to the impact of companies on the environment. Environmental factors address climate change policies and attempts to reduce emissions, waste and natural resource consumption. Social factors refer to the direction in which a company can improve the social impact of stakeholder includes employees, customers, communities, and governments involved in direct or indirect interaction with the organization itself and the company. Governance factors refer to stakeholders who make major decisions, the composition of the board of directors, their diversity and independence, and the internal policies that set limits and expectations for decision-making. Research related to ESG management is part of corporate social responsibility, sustainability, corporate or financial performance, and social responsibility investment. Through case studies and data-based empirical studies, it was confirmed that ESG management companies had positive results for most of the ESG related fields. Through literature analysis of domestic and international ESG history, introduction background, and management performance, this paper presents theoretical, practical implications by confirming that ESG's introduction and operation strategies are strong competitive strategies that directly affect corporate growth by creating attractive factors.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.41-51
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• 2010

건물의 배수 및 통기시스템에서 나타나는 현상중에 확실한 내용이 아직 밝혀지지 않은 부분이 몇 가지 남아 있다. 이것은 19세기 말엽의 근대 위생공학의 시작 단계에서부터 잘 알려진 사실이다. 건물의 배수 및 통기시스템 운용에 대한 내용은 일반 공학과 특정 유체역학의 범위 내에서 가장 잘 이해할 수 있다. 건물의 배수 및 통기시스템의 운영에 종사했던 초기의 기술진들은 이러한 점을 잘 알고 있었으며 유체역학에 적합하게 응용한 많은 사례를 확인할 수 있었다. 제2차 세계대전이 끝나고 이에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으며 특히 유럽에서 시작된 전후 재건 붐을 통해 배수 및 통기시스템의 설계에 좀 더 효율적인 접근이 진척되게 되었다. 이러한 배수시스템의 중심에는 배수관 내부의 오염된 공기가 배수구 또는 위생기구를 통하여 주거 공간으로 유입되는 것을 방지하는 트랩(Water Trap)이 있다. 배수트랩의 주요 기능인 봉수는 일반적으로 깊이가 40 mm에서 50 mm 정도로 위생기구의 종류에 따라 봉수의 깊이는 다소 차이가 있다. 배수관내 공기의 흐름이 중요한 것처럼 트랩의 봉수 메커니즘이 중요하기 때문에 이 메커니즘을 소홀히 여긴다면 안전한 배수시스템의 운영을 기대하기는 어렵다. 배수관 내의 공기의 흐름은 배수에 의해 유입되거나 또는 배출된다. 배수관에서 내부 압력의 불규칙한 변화로 인하여 야기되는 불안정한 배수의 흐름은 트랩의 봉수를 파괴하고 나아가 주거공간으로 오염된 공기가 새어 나갈 수 있는 통로를 제공하게 된다. 관내압력의 천이는 이로 인한 문제가 발생할 가능성이 있는 위치에 그 압력을 완화할 수 있는 장치를 설계단계에 반영하여 적용함으로써 제어할 수 있다. 건물 내부에 상당한 길이의 통기배관을 설치하는 것은 배관의 마찰손실로 인하여 천이 현상을 효과적으로 제어할 수 있는 확실한 방법이 되지는 못한다. 그렇지만 통기밸브를 설치하는 것과 같이 배수관 내로 공기를 공급해주는 유입구를 건물 내부에 분산 설치하는 것이 효율적인 통기방식이 될 수 있고, 정압 천이로 인한 위험을 줄여줄 수 있다. 통기밸브는 정압 발생의 원인이 되지 않으며 단지 정압에 반응하여 더욱 기밀하게 닫히며, 약화된 압력파를 반사할 뿐이다. 고층 건물에서 배수입상관과 평행하게 설치된 통기입상관(Parallel Vent Pipe)의 경우 극히 일부분의 정압 천이 현상을 완화할 수 있다. (통기 배관의 직경이 배수 입상배관과 동일한 경우 대략 1/3 정도임), 그러므로 정압의 천이로 인한 압력 파동은 배수 시스템의 나머지 부분을 통해 전파되어 배수 트랩에 영향을 미치게 된다. 정압의 천이가 예상되는 위치에 정압천이 완화 장치(Positive Air Pressure Transient Alleviation Device)를 사용하면 배관 내부압력의 급격한 상승을 방지하여 연결된 트랩의 봉수를 보호할 수 있다. 이렇게 되면 순간적으로 발생하는 배관내 압력의 급등 현상을 90% 정도까지 완화 시킬 수 있다. 경험적으로 배수시스템에서 배관이 완전하게 막혀 과도한 정압이 발생하는 경우는 거의 없다. 이러한 경우에는 가장 낮은 위치에 있는 배수 트랩의 봉수가 깨지면서 자연스럽게 배수시스템의 압력이 해소되게 된다. 이러한 사례는 통기 방식과 상관없이 발생할 수 있다. 실제와 유사한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 통기 밸브(Air Admittance Valves)는 전면 통기 시스템 (Fully Vented System)에서 최소한 트랩의 봉수 보호용으로 적합한 것이 확인 되었다. 어떤 경우 에는 고층 건물에 더욱 적합하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 부압 해소용으로 통기밸브를 이용하고 정압완화용으로 정압 완화장치(PAPAs: Positive Air Pressure Transient Attenuators)를 사용하는 전면적 능동 제어시스템(Fully Engineered Designed Active Control System)이 사용자에게 육안으로는 확인하지 못하는 기능을 보장하면서 배수 시스템의 안전과 효율성에 대한 효과적인 방법을 제공하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2023

Solar power facilities to reduce carbon emissions are continuously being installed in forests, farmland, city, and on water. However, research on visual preferences and the psychological impact on observers after installing solar power facilities is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, shooting was conducted according to the viewing distance of the near, middle, and distant views of Hapcheon Dam, Korea's largest floating photovoltaic power plant. The acquired images were edited using Photoshop to compare the presence or absence of floating photovoltaic power generation facilities. In addition, psychological changes and visual preferences were analyzed through an EEG test and questionnaire among 50 participants. The results are summarized, as follows. First, the installation of water photovoltaic power generation facilities has a passive impact on the subjects' psychological changes and visual preference. Second, the psychological changes due to the installation of water photovoltaic power generation facilities were judged to affect almost all research subjects, regardless of nationality, gender, or universisty major. Third, the visual preference for installing the water photovoltaic power generation facility is low, which can be interpreted as the water photovoltaic power generation facility negatively affecting the "friendliness" and "naturalness" of the landscape. In addition, this change in visual preference was found to differ depending on the gender and universiity major of the subjects. Fourth, the psychological change and visual preference of the floating photovoltaic power generation facility according to the viewing distance, found that the close range had a higher effect than the middle and distant ranges.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2023

This study was conducted to remove fluorine (F) (initial concentration of 9.5 mg/L) from leachate of reclaimed mine waste dump site via different methods: (1) co-precipitation using Ca-based materials; (2) adsorption using activated carbon and fly ash; and (3) coagulation and sedimentation using alum. The F removal efficiencies of each case were estimated as 65.6% (Ca co-precipitation), 27.9% (adsorption of activated carbon), 71.5% (adsorption of fly ash), and 96.6% (alum coagulation and sedimentation). In addition, the applicability of the continuous treatment process using alum coagulation was evaluated by lab-scale experiments using simulated mine drainage containing F of lower (6.4 mg/L) and higher (15.7 mg/L) concentrations, and it was confirmed that the treatment of both cases met the domestic standard (below 3 mg/L) for discharged water in clean areas. Furthermore, the results of bench-scale field tests indicated that the water quality standard of discharged water could be satisfied with the proper operation and management of the process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.316-316
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• 2020

1970년대 이후 급속한 경제성장과 함께 도시화와 산업구조의 변화로 인간 활동과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있는 수환경은 크게 훼손되어 왔다. 특히 인간 활동으로 인한 대량 생산과 소비는 하천의 자정작용을 초과하는 오염물질을 배출하고 오염된 하천은 본래 기능을 상실하였으며 각종 생활 오·폐수의 배수구로서의 역할이 부여되어 대부분 복개되기에 이르렀다. 이처럼 현재 우리나라의 하천은 고유의 기능인 용수원으로의 기능과 도시민의 휴식 및 친수공간으로서의 기능을 상실하였으며 중소하천의 건천화에 따른 하천 유지유량의 부족은 하천을 중심으로한 각종 용수의 부족, 수질 오염의 증가, 수변환경 친수기능 상실 등의 문제를 초래하고 있다. 중소하천의 건천화현상은 2000년대 이후 계속 증가, 진행되어 소하천뿐만 아니라 지방하천도 이미 메마르고 있는 상태이며 이로 인한 2차적 비용증가 등 경제적인 측면의 손실도 매년 심해지고 있어 건천화에 대한 원인 규명과 방지책에 대한 연구가 시급한 실정이다. 특히 새만금유역은 농업용수 사용이 많은 유역의 특성상 하천의 건천화 문제가 지적되었으나, 대부분 새만금유역의 용수이용체계 등에 연구가 추진되어 주로 농업용수 이용실태와 수질측정을 위주로 하고 있으며, 건천화의 실태와 원인, 그리고 건천화로 인한 물환경의 영향 등에 대해 조사된 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 만경강유역 하천에 대하여 대조하천, 도시하천, 준도시하천, 농업하천으로 대표지점을 선정하여 현장조사와 유역모델링을 통해 건천화의 원인별 기여율을 파악하였고, 만경강유역의 건천화 규모를 추정하였다. 건천화 원인을 평가하기 위해 유역 내 인위적인 물이용이 없는 상태인 기준유량(자연유량)을 산정하였고, 댐 및 방류량의 영향, 하수처리수 유입에 의한 영향, 수자원이용에 의한 영향, 수리구조물(수자원이용)에 의한 영향의 조건을 고려하였으며 건천화 평가지수를 활용하여 대상하천 소유역의 건천화 현황을 파악하였다. 또한 분석된 결과를 토대로 만경강유역의 토지이용도를 고려하여 만경강유역의 건천화 규모를 추정하였다. 분석결과, 수리구조물(수자원이용)에 의한 영향이 25.5%, 수자원이용에 의한 영향이 13.9%, 방류량에 의한 영향이 12.3%, 하수처리수 유입에 의한 영향이 6.54%로 나타났으며, 수리구조물(수자원 이용)에 의한 영향이 가장 크게 평가되었고, 하수처리수 유입에 의한 영향이 가장 작은 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후 하천의 건천화현상에 대한 원인을 규명하고 방지하기 위한 대책 수립에 필요한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2024

The cutaneous lymphatic system in humans plays a crucial role in draining interstitial fluid and activating the immune system. Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet light and natural aging, often affect structural changes of such lymphatic vessels, causing skin dysfunction. However, some limitations still exist because of no alternatives to animal testing. To better understand the skin lymphatic system, a biomimetic microfluidic platform, skin-lymph-on-a-chip, was fabricated to develop a novel in vitro skin lymphatic model of humans and to investigate the molecular and physiological changes involved in lymphangiogenesis, the formation of lymphatic vessels. Briefly, the platform involved co-culturing differentiated primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) in vitro. Based on our system, Lymphanax^TM, which is a condensed Panax ginseng root extract obtained through thermal conversion for 21 days, was applied to evaluate the lymphangiogenic effect, and the changes in molecular factors were analyzed using a deep-learning-based algorithm. Lymphanax^TM promoted healthy lymphangiogenesis in skin-lymphon-a-chip and indirectly affected HDELCs as its components rarely penetrated differentiated NHEKs in the chip. Overall, this study provides a new perspective on Lymphanax^TM and its effects using an innovative in vitro system.