• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-29
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• 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers who have abandoned their additional birth plans since their first child was born. Methods: During in-depth interviews, mothers were asked to recall their own experiences of motherhood. The interview data were analyzed using the grounded theory. Results: The central phenomenon was 'The burden of raising a child is too heavy for mothers to carry alone.' The causal conditions were 'First experience: Unpredictable life', 'Physical and psychological difficulty', and 'Spouse's absence.' The contextual conditions were 'Expectations and reality of parenting' and 'Workplace conditions.' The mothers used interaction strategies of 'Defusing conflict only on a surface level: Giving up', 'Reliance on grandmothers', and 'Downgrading career aspirations.' These strategies were mediated by intervening conditions, 'Stereotypes and experiences of non-family nanny', 'Child's development', and 'Family conflict.' The results were 'Endless guilt', 'Ambivalence between independence versus interdependence' and 'Unfairness: Why only me?' Finally, the process of psychological conflict was identified to account for the steps leading mothers to give up on their birth plans. Conclusion/Implications: During the first experience of motherhood, mothers' conflict gets escalated despite their struggles. These experiences might discourage their additional birth plans. These results provide implications for policies to increase fertility rates.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.163-179
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• 2017

Objective: The purposes of this study are to test a direct effect of mother-child interaction and to examine the mediating effect of children's smart media use on a child's sleeping hours. Methods: We analyzed the longitudinal data of 1,494 children from the $6^{th}$ panel study of Korean children collected by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education in 2013, which examined 5-year-old children. The main analysis method was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The study results showed that mother-child interaction had a direct effect on the child's sleeping hours. Children's smart media use also directly influenced the child's sleeping hours. In regard to mediation, the results revealed that children's smart media use mediated the relationship between mother-child interaction and child's sleeping hours. Conclusion/Implications: Bidirectional mother-child interaction and the degree of smart media use played an important role in children's sleeping hours. This study suggests policy and practical implications in order to retain children's healthy sleeping hours.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of paternal participation in child care and social support on planning for a second childbirth, focusing on the mediating effect of the mother's parenting stress. The 887 subjects studied in this paper were mothers who have a first child, and were selected from a sample of the 2nd Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education(KICCE), conducted in 2009. Data was analyzed using a Structural Equation Model(SEM) to identify a structure and relationships among factors. The significance of indirect effects to test the mediating effect of maternal parenting stress was identified via bootstrapping. Results indicated that maternal parenting stress partially mediated the relationship between the father's participation in child care and planning for a second childbirth, and absolutely mediated the relationship between social support and planning for a second childbirth. The findings reveal the importance of reducing parenting stress, given its substantial impact on planning for a second childbirth.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.55-68
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• 2010

Various family-friendly policies have been put into place for working mothers, but their paid and household workloads have not decreased. Many women have experienced career interruptions due to care work, so possible solutions to the problem of care work are needed. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of applying the social enterprise model to care work. Definitions, types, and development processes in social enterprise in several nations were discussed for the purpose of this study. Second, problems of care work in Korean households and national support for them are surveyed. Public institutions' contributions in child-care and family elder care and the alternatives for solving problems thereof were discussed. Third, several principles and advantages of applying social enterprise models to care work were suggested. Finally, this study discussed what a healthy family support center can do to reduce the workload of a household through social enterprises. This center can be a testing place that supports care work by various means from small volunteering groups to social enterprise according to profit level.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.91-113
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• 2016

This study aims to find out the significance in the experiences of voluntary participation in small groups by mothers of young children. As a result of the interviews conducted by targeting five mothers, the total was divided into three categories and six sub-factors. First, mothers voluntarily participated in small groups. Free from the role of mother and wife, they focused on their real selves, and had experiences of emotional support by forming close relationships with people. Second, mothers did not just participate in small groups as a hobby, but tried to be role models that help the growth of their children. They also tried to be the catalyst that helps create positive changes in their children and husbands. Third, mothers had social experiences, participated in economic activities as members of society or exerted their capabilities through active exchange with other people. Finally, this research hopes to provide the community with parent education-related implications that can have a positive impact on mothers themselves, their families and society.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-58
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effects of parenting efficacy on the relationship between parenting alliance and parenting stress, and to investigate whether the relationships between these indicators were the same for mothers and fathers. Methods: A sample of 228 parents (114 mothers and 114 fathers) of 6 month old infants in Gyeonggi Province completed measures of Perceived Parenting Competence, Parenting Alliance Inventory, and Parenting Stress Inventory-Short Form. Results: The results indicated that parenting alliance produced its effect directly and indirectly through parenting efficacy on parenting stress. Using multiple group SEM analyses, it revealed that fathers parenting efficacy was mediated by parenting alliance and that the strength of the pathways was stronger for fathers than for mothers. Conclusion/Implications: These findings suggest that parenting alliance can improve father's parenting efficacy. The differential predictors of mother and father efficacy as well as their implications for future research are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study were (1) to examine the type of parental time, (2) to investigate the family's characteristics that affect the parental time types. (3), to identify the differences in time satisfaction and time deficit according to the types of parental time of mothers with preschool children. Methods: The data source for this research was the 2014 Time Use Survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office(391 time diaries). Data were analyzed using K-means cluster analysis, multinominal regression, and ANOVA. Results: The results can be summarized as follows. First, parental time was classified into four groups; non-participation, play-centered, physical care-centered, unspecified group. Second, the characteristics of each type depended on children's age, mother's education level, mother's income, and dual earner families. Third, time deficit showed significant differences between play-centered and non-participation type. Conclusion/Implications: Based on the results, implications for policy regarding child care and labor were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2012.01a
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• pp.257-260
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 결혼이주여성의 건강문제와 이들의 의료기관 이용 실태를 연구하여 의료경영정보시스템을 구축하기 위한 선수 연구에 그 목적이 있다. 연구에 이용된 자료는 2010년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 원주의료원에서 진료한 289명의 원주지역 결혼이주여성의 진료기록을 통하여 조사된 것이며, 결혼이주여성의 일반적인 현황과 미충족 의료 수준을 파악하기 위해 통계청 통계포털자료와 2010년 원주시 통계연보를 활용하였다. 결혼이주여성의 의료서비스 이용은 소득수준과 밀접한 관련이 있으며 의료기관 이용 시 언어적 불편, 재정적 어려움, 가족의 지원 부족이 가장 많이 발생했다. 결혼이주여성의 진료지원 비율은 산부인과 진료비율이 가장 높은 24.3%, 내과 23.2%, 치과 7.9%로 나타났으며 결혼이주여성 자녀들의 소아청소년과 진료비율도 18.6%로 높은 진료비율을 나타났다. 본 연구는 결혼이주여성의 의료서비스 향상과 의료경영정보 시스템의 구축에 도움을 줄 것이다. 또한 이주여성의 건강권 보호를 위한 국가적, 지역적 차원의 노력에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.41-69
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to promote the use of cultural facilities of North Korean refugee mothers with young children by finding out their past experience of cultural facility use. The subjects of this study were 183 North Korean refugee mothers with young children and a total of four research participants. A survey and in-depth interviews were used to draw reliable research results. The research results are as follows: First, as to uses of cultural facilities, North Korean refugee mothers with young children got information about cultural facilities through the Internet community such as Internet cafes and blogs. Their considerations for using cultural facilities were diversity of activity programs and subdivision of performances and arts activities. Over 50% of mothers responded that cultural facilities were needed to enhance the creativity of their children. Second, concerning difficulties of cultural facility use, the most difficulty was high costs, and the second most difficulty was absence of cultural facilities nearby their residence. Third, as to the needs of cultural facility use, a children's library was needed the most for children's development. They responded that the most necessary policy for cultural facility use was to increase cultural vouchers for low-income households and to expand recipients of these vouchers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2009

The present study identified the patterns of support exchange between the elderly living alone and their children in a metropolitan city in Japan and examined the relationships between the patterns of support exchange and their life satisfaction. The sample was collected from 1,020 the elderly living alone in Osaka city selected with random sampling method. The questionnaires were mailed to the respondents, who were asked to send them back. The response rate was 51.7%(n = 526). We used 371 sample of respondents who have children. The results indicated that:(1)the patterns of support exchange were different by the types of social support, (2)the life satisfaction of the elderly who had an appropriate balance of a support exchange pattern was significantly higher than the life satisfaction of those who had low support exchange or only provided supports to their children. The findings imply that an appropriate balance of support exchange between the elderly living alone and their children was crucial in improving life satisfaction of the elderly living alone.