• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.57-71
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• 2003

This study investigates the relationships between parental efficacy and parental practices among Korean immigrant parents in the US. Parental efficacy constitutes a special aspect of parental belief systems focusing on the beliefs that parents have the capabilities to manage the tasks of nurturing and socializing their children. Results showed that parental efficacy was positively related to the authoritative dimension of parental practices. However, there was no significant negative relationship between parental efficacy and the authoritarian dimension of parental practices. Interestingly, the authoritative and authoritarian dimensions of parental practices were highly correlated among Korean immigrant parents. This finding is in contrast to much of the research on Anglo American parenting that indicates that authoritarian practices are not compatible with authoritative practices. For Korean immigrant parents, authoritarian practices seem not to have detrimental connotation. Therefore, it can be assumed that Korean immigrant parents parental practices have different underlying mechanisms compared to Anglo American parents. We need to focus parenting research with a broader perspective on the sociological and historical context from which parental practices arise.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we analyzed visual acuity of children according to the rearing of the type of parents. Methods: We have done a comparative analysis about before and after of corrected visual acuity according to the wearing actual conditions with the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 document. Results: Visual acuity before correction of twoparent family's children was 0.91, single parent family's children was 0.83, grandparents family's children was 0.77 in low income and twoparent family's children was 0.80, single parent family's children was 0.77, grandparents family's children was 0.50 in lower middle income. Conclusions: In the rearing of low-income children, the lack of attention to visual acuity management according to the type of parents leads to a failing of visual acuity in myopia. The role of the parents is very important during this time period, so it is necessary to provide social interest giving decline prevention of vision.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.235-260
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• 2012

This study was aimed at looking into and understanding child-rearing experience of mothers from multicultural families based on the grounded theory, one of the qualitative research methods. For this, twelve mothers from multicultural families were selected and data were collected through in-depth interviews with them and then analyzed through the open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The analysis suggested that main phenomena mothers from multicultural families experienced are the conflict of child-rearing and educational crisis, and the confused identity of parenting. These main phenomena had much to do with contextual factors such as economic hardship, lower level of the Korean language, cultural differences, prejudices and ignorance. The severeness of conflict and crisis of child-rearing and the intensity of identity confusion for parenting depended on arbitral conditions such as family bonds, positive expectation for the future of their children, and the help of supportive systems. Mothers were dealing with difficulties of child-rearing through action and interaction of resignation and denial, introspection and the intention to overcome difficulties, and the capacity building. As a result, mothers from multicultural families acknowledged that there is a limit to their position and roles they can play and tried to change in order to resolve problems related to their children, positioning themselves for more active lives in Korean society. Through discussion based on the findings of the study, this study can help better understand child-rearing experience of mothers from multicultural families and suggest several directions for future researches on multicultural families.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.495-512
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• 2009

We arranged and classified rearing patterns of gifted children's parents in order to find out mothers' roles for their gifted children. We developed a frame of parents' role to analyze the rearing cases of nine mothers whose children currently attend the Korea Science Gifted Academy. We surveyed and conducted semi-structured interviews with nine mothers to collecting qualitative data and were able to find out their roles that were classified into 4 distinctive roles: Instructor, Supporter, Dialogist and Moral Discipliner. Findings indicated that there was no significant difference between the roles found from parents' interview and the ones found from literature review. However, it is noticed that Korean mothers not only played a role for connecting their children's human networks but also did the role for controling the natural process of learning Korean characters and words with siblings as well as parents before school age.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.22-47
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine whether parental beliefs, value of children, and filial obligation were related. The subjects were 748 students(male 323, female 425) who were currently enrolled at university located in Seoul. The instruments used for this study were Filial Obligation Scale(Cho, 2002), Parenting Beliefs Questionnaire, and Value of Children by Arnold et al.(1975, 2001). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlations by SPSS PC Program. The results showed that university students generally demonstrated a higher level of individual-oriented beliefs than relation-oriented beliefs on parental beliefs. With regard to parental beliefs, family relation-oriented beliefs was relatively low in comparison with independence/autonomy-oriented beliefs, happiness-oriented beliefs, and cognition/knowledge-oriented beliefs. In addition, emotional value of children was relatively high in comparison with instrumental value of children. Also, male university students possessed a higher level of filial obligation. the level of cohabitation experience with their parents played a significant role in affecting the level of filial obligation. Unsurprisingly, a higher relation-oriented parental beliefs and emotional value of children demonstrated a higher level of filial obligation. There were also positive relationships between emotional value, instrumental value, and filial obligation. Hence, this study suggests that a practical, functional training services and resources for future parents must be ensued.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 1994

어머니와 아기의 관계는 가장 기초적인 인간관계로서 아기의 탄생은 한 가족의 생활에 지대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 아기 출산후 어머니들이 겪는 변화는 초산모와 경산모가 달라 새로 태어난 아기의 양육도 책임지며, 다른 자녀와의 관계도 유지해야하는 경산모는 초산모보다 더 많은 역할을 수행하여야 한다. Rubin(1967)은 이것을 다자손(poly-Progeny)의 문제라고 서술하면서, 경산모의 어려움을 언급하였다. 그러나 사회에서나 간호현장에서는 처음 어머니가 된 초산모를 어떻게 도와야 하는가에 주로 관심을 갖고 있으며, 그동안 이루어진 연구도 초산모를 대상으로 하는 것들이 대부분이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산후 4개월된 초산모와 경산모의 모성역할 긴장과 모성역할 획득정도의 차이를 조사하였다. 연구결과 모성역할 획득 중 모성역할 수행과 모성 정체감은 초산모와 경산모에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 아기와의 상호작용은 초산모가 경산모보다 더 많이 한다고 보고 하였다. 모성 역할 긴장은 경산모가 초산모보다 더 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 어머니의 연령과 남편의 지지를 공변량 처리하여 보았을 때도 경산모가 초산모보다 모성역할 긴장을 더 느끼고 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.65-76
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• 2002

In this study, 354 college students responded to questionnaires on parental roles, and their parents' and their own attitudes about childrearing. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Findings were that most college students perceived instrumental reasons for becoming a parent, and the parental role as consultant and provision of financial support. Most college students thought that mothers and fathers gave equal responsibility for raising children, that information on childrearing is to be found among friends and other adults, and that pre-parenthood education is important. They perceived their own parents to be satisfied with their parental roles, and they perceived both their patents and themselves to hold favorable attitudes about childrearing. Students' attitudes about childrearing correlated positively with their perceptions about their parents' childrearing attitudes.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.417-442
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• 2009

This study investigated whether there are differences in father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance and on mother's parenting stress after fathers' participating in the father's program at kindergarten. Subjects were parents of children enrolled in H kindergarten, 38 fathers (18 experimental group, 20 control groups) and 38 mothers (wives of the experimental and control group fathers). Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and t-test on the pre-score and post-score. Findings were that : father's participant program at kindergarten affected father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance, and mother's parenting stress reduction : the experimental group father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance was improved more than the control group. Experimental group mothers' parenting stress than that of the control group.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Purpose: Competence in parenting helps the parent to recognize the ability to resolve problems arising to children, allowing positive interactions with children through desirable child-rasing behavior and smooth communication with children. This study aims to identify the contribution of uncertainty and educational needs to the competence in parenting. Methods: Total 159 mothers responded a questionnaire developed to measure uncertainty, educational needs, and competence in parenting. t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program were used to analyze the data. Results: We found that uncertainty, nursing educational need, and mothers' age had influence to the competence in parenting. Conclusion: Nursing interventions provided to the mothers of hospitalized children for better parental competence need to include programs for alleviating uncertainty and satisfying the need for nursing education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.13-34
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• 2006

The study analyzed reflections on parenting and its meaning represented on mothers' self-reports of filial therapy sessions. The filial therapy program consisted of understanding of child development and parental role, practicing new parenting skill, feedback from the play therapist, lectures on child-centered play therapy, supervision of mother's play therapy sessions, and writing journals. Through repeated meta-parenting experiences during the sessions, four mothers who had relationship problems with their children improved awareness of themselves as parents, authentic understanding of the mother-child relationship and development, and reflections of their parental abilities despite individual differences.