• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of four kinds of tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts on the antioxidant defense systems as well as the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in ethanol administered ICR mice. According to the results, treatment with puerh tea significantly increased the superoxide dismutase activity and glutathion reductase activity in liver. In addition, the group treated with oolong tea exhibited higher superoxide dismutase activity and glutathion reductase activity in serum than those of puerh tea, green tea and black tea treated groups. The oolong tea and puerh tea also reduced malondealdehyde contents in both liver and serum. These results suggested that puerh tea and oolong tea were the most effective against alcohol-induced oxidative damage among the Camellia sinensis teas. On the other hand, in the measurement of alcohol break-down enzyme activities, the group treated with green tea exhibited the highest hepatic ADH and ALDH activities, suggesting that the group treated with green tea might be useful for alcohol down-regulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.93-106
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• 1997

약물 투여 후 약효의 출현은 흡수, 분포 등의 약동학적 단계(pharmacokinetic phase)를 거쳐 수용체 부위에서 약물과 수용체 사이의 약력학적(pharmacodynamic) 상호작용에 의해 나타난다. 따라서 약물요법 시 약효나 독성 발현의 큰 개인차는 약동학적 또는 약력학적 개인차에 의해 나타나며, 많은 약물에서 약효의 개인차는 흔히 약동학적 차이가 주역할을 함이 알려져 있고, 약물의 특성에 따라 약물의 대사 및 배설과 관련 있는 신장, 간장 및 심장 질환자에서는 현저한 약동학적 변화로 용법 조정이 필수적으로 요구되는 경우가 많다. 약동학적 개인차는 안전역이 좁은 약물에서 더욱 문제가 되며 이러한 약물의 적정 요법을 위해서는 수용체 부위와 평형을 이루고 있는 혈장약물농도를 적정 유지하는 것이 약동학적 개체차를 배제할 수 있는 한 방안이다. 근자에 이르러 체액내 약물 및 이의 대사물을 측정하는 분석 화학의 발전과, 임상 약물 동태학(clinical pharmacokinetics)의 도입 등으로 개개 환자에서의 적정 약물요법을 위한 TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring)이 구미에서는 이미 보편화되어 있다 또한 국내에서도 이러한 새로운 의료분야의 연구 및 임상응용의 필요성이 점차 증가하고 있으므로, 이러한 시대적 요구에 발맞추어 본 지면을 통하여 임상약리학적 지식을 이용한 혈장 농도 데이터의 분석을 통하여 개개인에서의 적정 약물요법을 제시하는 TDM에 관하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.166-166
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• 1993

만성 신부전환자에서 isoniazid(INH)의 약동학적 변화여부를 검토하고 특히 N-acetylation 대사능의 억제 여부를 평가함으로써 만성신부전환자에서 적정 INH 항결핵 요법율 위한 기본자료를 제공코자 하였다. 본 연구는 pararell group 디자인에 의한 일차 연구와 sequential 디자인에 의한 2차연구로 진행하였다. 일차 연구는 37명의 정상 성인군과 14명의 만성신부전 환자군을 대상으로 INH 400 mg 경구 투여 후 INH 및 AcINH의 약동학적 성상을 비교하였다. 이차연구는 만성신부전 환자에서 신이식에 따른 INH의 acetylation 대사능의 변화를 관찰코자 1차연구에 참여하고 성공적인 신이식을 받은 환자 10명을 대상으로 INH 및 AcINH의 약동학적 검토를 재시행하였으며, 이러한 연구 방법을 통하여 만성 신부전 환자에서 Acetylation 대사능의 변화를 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2009

유기 태양전지는 전도성 고분자를 사용하고, 상온 공정이 가능한 초저가의 태양전지로서 주목 받는 태양전지이다. 하지만 변환 효율이 낮아 효율 향상이 큰 이슈가 되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 유기 태양전지의 효율 향상을 위해서 나노 임프린트 리소그래피 및 핫엠보싱 리소그래피 방법을 사용하여 미세 기능성 패턴을 형성하였다. 나노 임프린트 리소그래피 및 핫엠보싱 리소그래피는 나노미터급 크기의 고해상도 패턴을 빠르고 경제적으로 형성할 수 있는 가장 유망한 차세대 리소그래피 기술로써, 이를 이용한 미세패턴 구조의 형성으로 인해 다양한 기판의 투과도 향상을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 태양전지 기판에 적용함으로써 향상된 광학적 특성으로 인해 태양전지 효율 향상을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1993

Background: Tissue-type plasminogen activator is a physiologic activator, which has high affinity for fibrin and is activated by fibrin. Because of these properties, t-PA has the potential to induce effective thrombolysis without producing a systemic lytic state. In practice, however, therapeutically efficacious doses of t-PA has been associated with the development of a systemic lytic state. As experience with t-PA has accumulated, it has suggested that the fibrin selectivity is influenced by the dose and duration of t-PA infusion, and many studies have performed in an attempt to optimize the duration of t-PA regimen. Methods: This study was designed to assess the thrombolytic efficacy of t-PA and the differences of two dosing regimens of t-PA (infusion of 1 mg/kg t-PA over 15 or 180 minutes) in a canine model of pulmonary embolism, induced by injection of radioactive autologous blood clots. By continuously counting over both lung fields with a external gamma counter, we correlated rate and extent of pulmonary thrombolysis with corresponding pulmonary hemodynamics in addition to the gas analyses of arterial and mixed venous blood. Results: 1) While total clot lysis was similar ($36.2{\pm}3.3%$ and $39.6{\pm}2.3%$ respectively, p>0.05) when t-PA was infused over 15 or 180 minutes, the rate of lysis during infusion was markedly increased with the shorter infusion ($81.4{\pm}16.8%/hr$ vs $37.3{\pm}2.4%/hr$, p<0.05). 2) The duration of thrombolysis was $63.3{\pm}22.2$ minutes although t-PA was administered over 15 minutes, and it was only $148.5{\pm}14.0$ minutes in case of the infusion over 180 minutes (p<0.05). 3) The increased rate of thrombolysis with the shorter infusion was accompanied by a faster amelioration of cardiopulmonary impairment from pulmonary embolism (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that the shorter (15 minutes) infusion of t-PA is superior to the longer (180 minutes) infusion when the dose is equal, in consideration of the faster improvement in cardiopulmonary impairment from pulmonary embolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2002

The purpose of this experiment was to examine influence of acute exercise on nocturnal sleep which had been disrupted by caffeine(400mg$\times$3) thought the daytime. Six healthy young males aged 21.0$\times$0.2 yr with a history of low caffeine use. Subjects completed three conditions in a within-subject. At three conditions Sleep EEG were investigated: (1) nocturnal following quiet rest, (2) nocturnal sleep following the consumption of 1200mg of caffeine (3) nocturnal sleep following cycling at 60 min of 60% V $O_{2peak}$ with 1200mg of caffeine consumption. Sleep data were calculated for REM sleep, REM latency, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, sleep stages, SWS. Those data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA of change scores. A main effect to, drug(caffeine) indicated that caffeine elicited sleep disturbance that is, TST and sleep onset latency increase and sleep efficiency and stage 4 decrease. The effects of exercise on sleep following caffeine intake generally improve sleep that is, stage 2, 3 and SWS increase and sleep onset latency decrease. A condition effect for sleep indicated sleep improvement after exercise Therefore The data supported a restorative theory of slow-wave sleep and suggest that acute exercise may be useful in promoting sleep and reducing sleep disturbance elevated by a high dose of caffeine.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.215-223
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• 1984

Panax ginseng has often been suggested as a geriatric restorative. This study is a double blind crossover trial to test whether ginseng can improve function in subjects with the depression and reduced abilities associated with senescence. 49 screened subjects were given 1500 mg Korean Red ginseng and identical placebo each for ten days, with a washout period in between the dosages. Standard tests of mental function, neuromuscular reflexes, responsiveness, mood and well being were used. The subjects were somewhat better at the co-ordination and speed test ('number copying') but tests of concentration and memory ('Concentration', 'Paired Association', 'Digit Span' and 'Object Learning') gave equivocal results. There were small improvements in mood and well being ('Life Satisfaction' and 'General Health Questionnaire') while the subjects indicated increased energy, alertness and less sleep, but also less happiness on the daily analogue scales. The major result was a highly significant improvement in reactivity, speed and co-oridnation at the tapping test, and the visual, auditory and disjunctive reaction timer. These are the most objective and accurate tests used in this trial. It is therefore concluded that ginseng can increase function in senile individuals. This effect is most easily visualisable in objective psychophysical tests, rather than the more subjective memory and concentration tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1769-1775
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• 2010

Menopause is often associated with the incidence of several chronic diseases including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the possibility of osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) extracts on bone turnover markers in ovariectomized rats. For this study, the following four groups of 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated over 6 weeks: normal rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON) and ovariectomized rats that were treated with ES extracts. We measured the osteocalcin and C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx) content, enzyme ALP activity in serum and collagen content in the cartilage, bone, skin and lungs. We found that the levels of indicators of bone metabolism such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and CTx were lower in rats in the ES extract group than the OVX-CON group. In addition, the collagen contents in the bone, cartilage, skin and lungs decreased in response to ovariectomy, but the levels of collagen were greater in the bone of rats that were treated with ES extract than in the bone of rats in the OVX-CON group. These results suggest that the ES may be an effective functional food to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study is to report the efficacy of infliximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha which is used for both treatment of refractory pediatric Crohn disease (CD) and induction of remission. Methods: Among pediatric patients who were diagnosed with CD at Samsung Medical Center between March 2001 and August 2007, a total of 16 patients were given infliximab to treat conventional therapyresistant refractory CD and severe active CD for induction of remission. Patients needing maintenance therapy were treated with an infliximab infusion every 8 weeks, and fistulizing CD patients occasionally received the infusion upon the condition that a fistula developed. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by comparing the Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), Hct, ESR, CRP, and serum albumin levels using paired t-test. Results: The male/female ratio was 13:3, and the median age was 13 years (range, 21 months~15 years). The patients included 7 cases of therapy-resistant refractory CD, 7 cases of severe active CD, and 2 cases of fistulizing CD. Mean PCDAI before infliximab therapy was 34.19${\pm}$14.96, and mean follow-up PCDAI within 2 to 4 weeks after the last infusion was significantly lower, at 6.88${\pm}$10.31 (p=0.000). Hematological markers such as ESR (p=0.000), serum albumin (p=0.016), and CRP (p=0.009) also improved significantly after infusion. Remission was achieved in 2 of 4 patients refractory to conventional therapy. Among 3 steroid-dependent patients, 2 were able to discontinue steroid therapy, and dose reduction was possible in 1 patient. Remission after top-down therapy without prior use of other immunomodulators was achieved in 6 weeks in all 7 of the patients who had severe CD. Nine of ten refractory fistulizing CD patients also showed improvement after infliximab therapy. Conclusion: Infliximab was effective in pediatric refractory CD for induction of remission and maintenance therapy, as well as in severe CD for top-down induction therapy. Furthermore, infliximab has contributed to steroid cessation and dose reduction. Long-term follow-up evaluation is needed to determine safety and efficacy of infliximab in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2004

Molecular Nuclear Neuro-Imaging in "CNS" drug discovery and development tan be divided into four categories that are clearly inter-related.(1) Neuroreceptor mapping to examine the involvement of specific neurotransmitter system in CNS diseases, drug occupancy characteristics and perhaps examine mechanisms of action;(2) Structural and spectroscopic imaging to examine morphological changes and their consequences;(3) Metabolic mapping to provide evidence of central activity and "CNS fingerprinting" the neuroanatomy of drug effects;(4) Functional mapping to examing disease-drug interactions. In addition, targeted delivery of therapeutic agents could be achieved by modifying stem cells to release specific drugs at the site of transplantation('stem cell pharmacology'). Future exploitation of stem cell biology, including enhanced release of therapeutic factors through genetic stem cell engineering, might thus constitute promising pharmaceutical approaches to treating diseases of the nervous system. With continued improvements in instrumentation, identification of better imaging probes by innovative chemistry, molecular nuclear neuro-imaging promise to play increasingly important roles in disease diagnosis and therapy.