• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2008

This study was aimed to develop an instrument for real-time measurement of fluid conductance and to investigate the hydrodynamics of dentinal fluid. The instrument consisted of three parts; (1) a glass capillary and a photo sensor for detection of fluid movement, (2) a servo-motor, a lead screw and a ball nut for tracking of fluid movement, (3) a rotary encoder and software for data processing. To observe the blocking effect of dentinal fluid movement, oxalate gel and self-etch adhesive agent were used. BisBlock (Bisco) and Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) were applied to the occlusal dentin surface of extracted human teeth. Using this new device, the fluid movement was measured and compared between before and after each agent was applied. The instrument was able to measure dentinal fluid movement with a high resolution (0.196 nL) and the flow occurred with a rate of 0.84 to 15.2 nL/s before treatment. After BisBlock or Clearfil SE Bond was used, the fluid movement was decreased by 39.8 to 89.6%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.401-410
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• 1997

An acute pain is the common experience following surgery. Pain is a most miserable experience in person and most preoperative patients have fear o! postoperative pain. In nursing, it is very important to understand and relieve the pain of post oprative patients as much as possible. This study was designed to compare the descriptive patterns of pain between group of Patient Controlled Analgesia and group of traditional Muscular Injection in surgcal patients. This information can be utilited as data of understanding nursing care and treatment planning for pain in surgical patients. The subjects in this study were 45 post-hysterectomy patients in Gynecology ward in C. N. U. H., in Taejon. Data was collected from May 12 to June 27. 1996. The instrumants used for this study were subjective Visual Analog Scale, Objedive nonverbal pain scale composed of Facial Apperance. Vocal Sound Change, and Sweating score. and the Melzack's Mcgill pain Qusetionaire. nine Items of Developmental Pain Intensity Scale by Lee En Ok. Analysis of data was done by using S. P. S. S. percentage, t-test, x²-test. ANOVA, and Repeated measure ANOVA. Results were obtained as follows. 1. Hypothesis 1 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in subjective self-report pain score(Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM Group(P=0.0001). 2. Hypothesis 2 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in muscle strength score (Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM group(P0.0001). 3. Hypothesis 3 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in facial appearance score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 4. Hypothesis 4 : There was very highly statistically significance difference in vocal sound change score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 5. Hypothesis 5 : There was no statistically significant difference sweating scores between PCA group and IM group(F=2.50, P=0.1220). But, postoperation time of 12, 24 was statistically difference between two groups(P=0.0001). So, it was partially supported. 6. Hypothesis 6 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in vocabulary pain score between PCA Group and IM group. 7. Hypothesis 7 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in amounts of total analgesic between PCA Group and IM group. There was very highly statistically significant difference in Visual Analog Pain Score, Facial Appearance Score, Vocal Sound Change Score, Vocabulary Score, amounts of total analgesic between PCA group and IM group. So, It is verified to asses of postoperative pain with VAS, Checklist of facia appearance, vocal sound change, and sweating, and Vocabulary Scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.291-296
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• 2019

Nuclear medicine have often used to diagnose cancers. The main absorbed dose from radiation to a radiation worker resulted from open radioisotopes. Methods for reducing the radiation dose to a radiation worker from radioisotopes injected to patients were studied. The shield device of 0.2 mmPb was manufactured as a size of $300mm{\times}500mm{\times}150mm$. By using dosimeters of Nanodot, the absorbed doses for thyroid, chest and genital organ were measured with and without a shielding device and with syringe shield and shielding device together. The highest absorbed dose of 0.908 mGy reduction of 20.8% as 0.719 mGy was in the genital organ by using the syringe shield and a shielding device together. A effective dose for a radiation worker during 1 year was expected to 1.223 mSv at the chest, which was decrease as 0.994 mSv by shielding device and syringe shield together. When open radioisotope is injected to a patient for examination, the only use of a shielding device results in the reduction of radiation dose to radiation workers.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2019

Purpose: The efficacy of periarticular multimodal drug injection and adductor canal block after a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy was compared in terms of the postoperative pain level. Materials and Methods: From November 2016 to March 2017, 60 patients underwent a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy under spinal anesthesia. Preemptive analgesic medication, intravenous patient controlled anesthesia were used for pain control in all patients. Thirty patients received a periarticular multimodal drug injection (group I), and 30 patients received an adductor canal block (group II). These two groups were compared regarding the postoperative pain level, frequency of additional tramadol injections, total amount of patient-controlled analgesia, and number of times that the patients pushed the patient-controlled analgesia button at each time interval. Results: The visual analogue scale scores over the two-week postoperative period showed no statistical significance. The frequency of additional tramadol hydrochloride injections was similar in the two groups over time. The mean number of times that patients pushed the patient-controlled analgesia button was similar in two groups over time. The total amount of patient-controlled analgesia was similar in the two groups over time. Conclusion: This study shows that intraoperative periarticular multimodal drug injections and adductor canal block may have a similar effect on postoperative pain control in patients who have undergone a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy for unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.262-265
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• 1998

A retrospective analysis was performed on the 72 cases of peripheral artery occlusive disease treated at Yonsei Medical School Yongdong Severance Hospital, from March 1, 1990, through July 31, 1992, focusing on the operative procedures, surgical results and perioperative complications. The etiologic causes of vascular obstruction were atherosclerosis in 28 cases, Buerger's disease in 31, traumatic orgin in 7, operative complications in 4, and malignancy and arteritis in one case each. Treatment modalities, actually performed include bypass graft.(27), infusion of PGE1 (23), Embolectomy (16), Sympathectomy (4) and end-to-end anastomosis (2). There were 21 satisfactory cases and 9 unsatisfactory cases of atherosclerotive occlusive disease, defining the operative outcome as“satisfactory”if the obstructive symptoms disappeared completely and “unsatisfactory”if they did not. The patients of TAO induced Buerger's disease with preoperative Foutain class III or IV were surgically converted to class 0 in 14 cases, class I in 12 and class II in 3.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2018

Global warming due to indiscriminate carbon dioxide emissions has a profound impact on human life by causing abnormal climate change and ecosystem destruction. As a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, in this study, we presented a polymeric membrane prepared by blending a self-crosslinkable P(GMA-g-PPG)-co-POEM (SP) copolymer and commercial polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). As the content of PVP increased, it was observed that the gas permeance decreased and $CO_2/N_2$ selectivity increased. At 30 wt% PVP content, the $CO_2$ permeance of the membrane decreased from 72.9 GPU of pure SP polymer to 12.6 GPU, while $CO_2/N_2$ selectivity improved by 79% from 28.1 to 50.4. It results from the hydrogen bonding between the SP copolymer and PVP, leading to more compact structure of the polymer chains, which was confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM analysis. Therefore, we suggest that the permeance and selectivity of the membranes can be easily adjusted as desired by controlling the PVP content in the SP/PVP polymer blend.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.358-362
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• 2003

Purpose : Several methods of IV ${\gamma}-globulin$(IVG) infusion are effective in the treatment of autoimmune disease, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). But it is not known which method is more effective in the treatment of ITP. The effectiveness of these two methods of IVG infusion was studied in terms of platelet recovery rate, side effects and recurrence rate. Methods : Forty seven patients with acute ITP in the department of pediatrics, Eulji University Hospital from January 1995 to June 2001 were enrolled. We assesssed the treatment effects of 47 patients blindly selected; IV ${\gamma}-globulin$ 2 g/kg/day in one day(treatment group A, n=25), 400 mg/kg/day in five days(treatment group B, n=22). Results : Treatment group A increased platelet count more rapidly on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day of treatment than treatment group B. Side effects like fever, chill and vomiting were more frequent in treatment group A than treatment group B. The platelet count on the sixth day of treatment showed a greater increase in the cases which had side effects than in the cases which did not. There was no difference between the two groups in the recurrence rate. Conclusion : IV ${\gamma}-globulin$ 2 g/kg/day in one day increases platelet count more rapidly than 400 mg/kg/day in five days, and is favorable for the prevention of a severe hemorrhagic episode like early intracranial hemorrhage.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

목적 : 침술은 한국과 같은 동아시아에서 잘 알려진 효과적인 치료법이며 정신 이상을 포함한 다양한 질환의 치료에 사용되어 왔다. 서양에서 침술은 유용한 보완대체의학으로서 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 침술이 코카인 섭취를 줄이는 데에 있어서 효과가 있는지, 또 경혈의 복합 처방이 단일 경혈에 비해 더 효과적인지 여부를 알아보고자 계획되었다. 방법 : 본 실험에서는 270~300 그램의 웅성 흰쥐에게 FR 1 프로그램에서 먹이를 자가 섭취하도록 훈련시켰다. 동물이 3일 연속 3시간 이내에 100개의 먹이를 섭취하면 수술을 하였다. 복강주사로 마취를 시킨 뒤 오른쪽 경정맥으로 관을 삽입하고 천으로 고정시켰다. 회복기를 끝낸 동물은 매일 1시간 동안 FR 3 프로그램으로 코카인을 섭취하도록 훈련 받았다. 3일 연속 섭취량이 일정하면 다음날 한의사가 1분간 침 처치를 하였다. 대조군은 침 자극을 제외하고 똑 같은 조건으로 하였다. 결과 : 신문혈은 코카인 섭취를 줄였으나, 다른 경혈은 그렇지 못하였다. 더구나 신문과 태연을 같이 자침한 경우 단일 경혈에 비해 약간 더 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 침술이 식욕에는 별다른 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론 : 이러한 연구 결과는 침술이 적어도 어느 정도 코카인 남용 치료에 있어서 유용하며 경혈을 복합으로 사용하는 것이 단독 사용보다 더 우수할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2022

The demands for Home Meal Replacement (HMR) products are continuously increasing owing to the convenience of instant food and online food delivery. Ready-to-heat (RTH) products have received massive attention in the HMR industry because these products can be easily warmed using a microwave oven. However, the conventional microwave packaging should be opened before microwave heating to prevent bursting or food loss owing to the steam-pressure build-up inside the package. Open packaging might lead to non-uniform food heating and cross-contamination. Therefore, packaging materials that are able to release steam without opening are of interest to the HMR industry. In this study, polylactic acid(PLA)/polyethylene glycol(PEG)/nanoclay composite films were manufactured using an extrusion method as packaging materials with a smart steam-releasing function. The introduction of PEG to the PLA imparted a steam self-releasing feature to the composite films owing to the morphology change of composite films during microwave heating. Further, PEG increased the ductility of PLA, which in turn prevented bursting caused due to the steam-pressure build-up. The uniform dispersion of nanoclay obtained by a twin-screw extrusion led to stronger mechanical properties. Therefore, the smart composite films developed here can be applied as microwave packaging materials with a self-releasing function.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.242-251
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) administration with and without endurance exercise training on endurance exercise performance and skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation using a mouse model. Forty-eight male wild-type ICR mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control (Sed+Con), (Sed+Con), sedentary β-HB (Sed+β-HB), exercise control (Exe+Con), and exercise β-HB (Exe+β-HB). β-HB was dissolved in PBS (150 mg/ml) and injected subcutaneously daily (250 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Mice performed 5 days/week of a 20 min treadmill running exercise for 8 weeks. The running exercise was carried out at a speed of 10 m/min at a 10° incline for 5 min, and then the speed was increased by 1 m/min for every 1 min of the remaining 15 min. Following 8 weeks of treatments, visceral fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, blood parameters, and the markers for autophagy and protein synthesis were analyzed. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) using the SPSS 21 program. Eight weeks of Exe+β-HB treatment significantly lowered blood lactate levels compared with the other three groups (Sed+Con, Sed+β-HB, and Exe+β-HB) Exe+β-HB) (p<0.05). Eight weeks of Exe+β-HB significantly increased maximal running time (time to exhaustion) compared with the Sed+Con and Exe+Con groups (p<0.05). Eight weeks of β-HB administration significantly decreased autophagy flux and autophagy-related proteins in the skeletal muscle of mice (p<0.05). Conversely, the combined treatment of β-HB and endurance exercise training increased protein synthesis (mTOR signaling and translation) (p<0.05). The 8-week β-HB treatment and endurance exercise training had synergistic effects on the increase in endurance performance, increase in protein synthesis, and decrease in protein degradation in the skeletal muscle of mice.