• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.47-87
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• 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, non-face-to-face treatment was temporarily permitted. A lot of consensus has been formed on the need to continuous non-face-to-face treatment. However, the current 「Medical Service Act」 only permits telemedicine between doctors and medical personnel. On the other hand, as a result of legal interpretation, there is an opinion that non-face-to-face treatment is allowed. But considering the overall legal system, non-face-to-face treatment is not allowed. Nevertheless, we have to consider the reality such as the development of science and technology and the outbreak of infectious diseases. Therefore, it is not advisable to allow face-to-face treatment only. Ultimately, it is necessary to find ways to ensure that non-foce-to-face treatment can be performed in a safe and effective manner. And it should be institutionalized. This is strategically necessary and important. Therefore, we must look over ahead legal issues to be discussed. First of all, the scope, the target disease and the subject of implement have to be clear. Also, structurally, the standards of facilities and equipment must be prepared for non-face-to-face treatment to be implemented. Functionally, communication and information exchange between doctors and patients should be well conducted. In addition, the information protection management system that occurs in the process of non-face-to-face treatment should be materialized. Lastly, the issue of responsibility and cost of non-face-to-face treatment should be decided in detail. When these problems materialize, it can be expected that a safe non-face-to-face treatment environment will be established.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.265-295
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• 2017

Breast tissue is composed of skin, mammary gland(including lactiferous duct), subcutaneous fat layer. The anatomical position is on the anterior chest wall(the outside of the chest cavity) but not on the inside of the thorax. Therefore, when the internal organs in the thoracic cavity are defined and expressed as 'organs' and the internal organs of each are labeled for a long time, for the breast located outside the thoracic cavity, it is thought that there is considerable difficulty in defining and recognizing the breast tissue as organs. For this reason, it is necessary to discourage the controversy over whether or not the breast is contained in the chest(or intra-thoracic cavity). In order to completely exclude it, it is assumed that the "chest-abdomen" can be called the "intra-thoraxic or intra-abdominal." But it is difficult to change the terms in various laws and regulations, I think that it would be necessary to insert only the clue clause "Breasts are excluded" in the detailed criteria for grading. In order to include it, it is necessary to change the terms of the ordinance or to say that the breast is exceptionally included.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.79-102
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• 2014

A parallel importation is a non-counterfeit product imported from another country without the permission of the intellectual property owner. It is caused by price differences between countries. Therefore parallel importation are implication in issues of international trade and intellectual property rights(hereafter referred as IPR). This paper provides parallel importation issues of Korea and China under the IPR laws such as patent, trademarks, copyright and analyzes difference between two countries. In China, patent law regulates exhaustion rights which is based theory of a parallel import for the first time unlike trademark law and copyright law. On the other hands, Korea rules parallel importing under Korean customs regulations. In conclusion, two countries have no provisions that advocate a parallel import under IPR laws. This paper suggests some improvements to overcome the limitation of current regulation system and avoid trade friction between two countries. First of all, two countries should clearly make a rule about parallel import in IPR law such as definition of parallel importation, genuine goods, permission conditions, importing proses, penalty and remedy etc. Secondly, two countries should prohibit an abuse of a exclusive import agent's rights and manage a parallel importer not to cause consumer's complain about goods to expansion parallel imports. Finally, two countries should cooperate not to cause disputes about this issue with a communication channel.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2019

A stock valuation on the tax law is based on the valuation by market price. But, unlike the listed stocks, the unlisted stocks mostly have the unclear market price. Accordingly, it is necessary to calculate the fair value which corresponds to the market price. The purpose of this paper is to examine the appropriateness of the complementary valuation method in the Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax Act and to provide suggestions for improvement. This study is intended to provide the problems and solutions relating to the valuation of unlisted stocks through analysis of foreign legal systems and actual disputes. When the actual profit/loss data are used to calculate the net profit/loss value on the present regulations, it has the different weight on the latest 3 years' net profits and losses uniformly. Therefore, to extend the range of unlisted stocks valuation and to show the independent and high professionalism of appraisal council not the subsidy appraisal agency of the National Tax Service, it is necessary to change the current rule that the commissioner of the National Tax Service unilaterally appoints the private members into the method of public offering.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.51-78
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• 2007

Entertainment Industry is a high value-added business and its market includes the whole world. With high-tech industry, it is said that entertainment industry strengthen country's competitiveness, and the Korean government is trying to find a way to develop the animation industry. Some domestic feature animations were made, but they failed to get sufficient audiences. Meanwhile, Shrek 2, made by PDI, has earned about 92,000,000,000$ through just theatrical revenue. The reason is that domestic animations are not exciting. Contents should have amusement in it. The humor is the most important thing to make fun. So this thesis suggest to analyse Humor Types in animations. It is based on several theories about Humor. The types of humor defined by the previous studies are summarized into (1) humor, (2) wit, (3) satire and (4) irony. I categorize the productive methods of visual humor into (1) visual pun, (2) visual parody and (3) visual paradox adopting Henri Bergson's theory of the production methods of humor. And I comment on humorous scenes of Shrek in points of design basic elements, such as (1) visual elements, (2) relational elements and (3) practical elements. And I classify humor responses into the incongruity theory, the superiority theory, and relief theory. Therefore this study suggest a reasoned method to categorize the humor types effectively for producing or analyzing various types of humor effects in animation fields.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-190
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• 2006

The term mycoherbicide started in 1970, but its interest heightened due to increase costs of chemical herbicides. A classical biocontrol agent is expected to become a permanent part of its new environment and do no harm to it. Contemporary biological control agent(BCA) must be produced by artificial culture and could be applied like chemical herbicides over weeds. BCA is different from the classical approach in that it released through natural spread. To date 26 species of fungi are used as classical BCA against 26 species of weeds in seven countries. There are a number of examples of pathogens attacking non-target plants. But through risk assessments which include understanding the taxonomy, biology and ecology, the target and non-target species, it will be safe to introduce of exotic pathogens to control weeds. But pathogens have not been successfully used in practice. Many mycoherbicides show potential in laboratories, but are ineffective in the field and not consistent from year to year or field to field. There is also a lack of understanding humidity, dew formation and temperature and their effects on suppression of weeds by plant pathogens. Potential pathogen must be selected as a BCA. Previous studies suggest that these pathogens must (1) produce abundant and durable inoculum in artifical culture, (2) be genetically stable and weed specific and (3) kill weeds in control. A granular preparation of mycoherbicide into sodium alginate is lighter than liquids and less bulky than organic matter. Gel forms have also been used.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 1969

해양관측의 세계적인 공통성으로 해서 염분검정법이 이미 오래 전부터 통일화 되었지만 근래에 와서는 용존산소량 정량법도 국제적인 Intercalibration을 하는 등규격화에의 기운이 나고 있다. 다시 Kuroshio 합동조사에서는 영양염의 정량에 있어 공통된 표준용액을 사용하므로써 조작상의 편리와 측정치의 신뢰성을 더욱 향상시키자는 의도에서 일본이 국제적인 영양염 표준용액의 조제 및 배포에 관한 안을 내어 1965년 Manila 회의를 거쳐 일본 상모중앙화학연구소의 관원씨가 이를 맡아 1966년부터 시작하여 1967년까지에 요오드산칼리움, 아질산염, 인산염, 규산염의 표준용액을 만들어 1968년 봄부터 시험적으로 일본국내와 동남아 수개국에 나누어 사용해 왔던 것이다. 다시 1968년 9월의 SCOR 의 영양염에 관한 Working Group 회의에서 CSK Std. Solution을 사용하여 세계각국에서 현재 사용하고 있는 영양염 분석방법의 Intercalibration을 하자는 회의가 있었고, 이것을 권고사항으로 SCOR에 보고하여 1968년 11월에 ICES가 승인하므로써 Intercalibration에 관한 원칙이 정해졌다. 동시에 Finland의 Koroleff씨와 Palmork씨가 organizer로 정해졌던 것이다. 이 보다 약간 앞서 본인이 상모중연에 가 있을 때 Std. Solution으로서 아질산염용액 만으로 각종무기질소화합물의 표준용액으로 대용한다는 것은 비합리적이므로 질산염과 암모늄염의 표준용액이 있어야 한다고 주장하여 우선 질산염용액을 추가로 만들기로 하여 1968년 11월부터 표준물질의 정제부터 시작 되었다. 1969년 1월에 Intercalibration 에 관한 구체적인 회의를 위해 Scripps 해양연구소에 관원, Wooster Rakestraw, Cieskes씨등이 모여 우선 일본상모중연에서 만들고 있는 인산염, 질산염, 아질산염, 규산염의 CSK 표준용액을 표준시료로하여 SCOR 과 ICES의 해양화학분과에서 선정한 세계 100개처에 나누어 현재 각자가 사용하고 있는 방법의 정밀도와 정확도를 check하는 소위 International intercalibration을 1969년 9월부터 시작하기로 확정을 보았고, 동시에 구체적인 지시가 있었던 것이다. 이시료를 받는 사람에게는 다만 그것의 농도범위만 알려주고 정확한 농도는 Koreleff와 관원씨만이 알고 있기로 하여 측정에 분석자의 주관이 개입되지 못하도록 했고, 분석치는 SCOR가 모아 해석하되 번호제로 하여 어떤 나라의 누구가 했다는 것은 밝히지 않기로 되어 있다. 이같은 내력으로 CSK Std. Solution이 국제적인 Intercalibration용의 표준시료로서 시험적으로 사용되기 까지는 되었으나, CSK Std. Solution 그자체에 관해서는 아직도 해결해야 할 점, 개량을 요하는 점이 많다. 이하에서는 주로 개량을 요하는 점에 관해 몇가지 언급하고자 한다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2004

The prosthodontic treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusions is challenging. Ideally, these malocclusions should be identified at an early age and corrected with orthodontic treatment; otherwise, the individual develops a habitual position characterized by deep overbite and significant retruded position of mandibular condyle at the TMjoint fossa. This article describes a clinical protocol for the occlusal rehabilitation of patients with Class II div.2 malocclusions. Within this protocol, an occlusal splint was used to locate the most suitable maxillary-mandibular relationship for function and range of motion. The splint increased the vertical dimension and reduced pain on TMjoints. After transfer this relationship to an articulator for fabrication of provisional restorations, the CR position and centric prematurity contact between maxilla and mandible was used to determine the tentative vertical dimension of occlusion(VDO). The amount of elevation of VDO was decided on the articulated model. The provisional restorations were accurately transfered to a patient's mouth in clinical procedures using tattoo points. The final restoration was delivered after some trial periods with provisional restorations. The theory behind this protocol and its associated clinical procedures is presented along with a discussion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

This paper presents the stress and deformation behaviors using the finite element method as a function of the thickness of the helmets without the bead frames on the top of the shell structure. The helmet that would provide head and neck protections without causing discomfort to the user when it was worn for long periods of time should be manufactured for increasing the safety and impact energy absorption. The FEM computed results show that when the impulsive force is applied on the top surface of a helmet, the maximum stress and strain have been occurred around the position of an applied impact force, which may lead to the initial failure on the top surface of the helmet shell. As the helmet thickness is decreased from 4mm to 2mm, the impact energy absorbing rate is radically increased, and the maximum stress of the helmet is increased over the tensile strength, 54.3MPa of the thermoplastic material. Thus, the top surface of the helmet should be supported by a bead frame and increased thickness of the shell structure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2538-2543
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• 2012

The Percutaneous Coronary intervention is a typical way of testing which could be performance to treat a stenosed region by inserting a stent using catheter. In this case, choosing the best stent amongst various kinds of stent for performing an intervention is the most difficult process. For the reason, a width of the blood vessel which is stenosed must be correctly measured to help an operator choose right size of stent. So based on pixel, a width of the blood vessel measured by using the way of Euclidean distance after designing a center-line of vessel from a certain point assigned by operator is shown as a profile in this study. This study would be used as a goof reference for operators when choosing right size of stent.