• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.385-390
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the static stereoacuity by Distance Randot Stereotest (STEREO OPTICAL. Co., Inc. USA) and the dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test (iNT, Korea). Criterion and correlation of stereoacuity between both tests and usefulness of two stereotest methods were also evaluated. Methods: For normal adults of 109 (male 61, female 48), mean age of 20.88 (19-32 years) years old, static stereoacuity by using Distance Randot Stereotest at 3 m distance, dynamic stereoacuity by using three-rods test at 2.5 m distance were measured. Results: The mean of distance static stereoacuity was $155.77{\pm}133.11sec$ of arc and the mean of error distance dynamic stereoacuity $11.13{\pm}9.69mm$. With equivalent-conversion stereoacuity of $23.44{\pm}20.96sec$ of arc, there was statistically significant differences (p=0.00) between two dynamic stereoacuity, but correlation was relatively low (${\rho}=0.226$). In the case of dynamic stereoacuity, separated to normal range by criterion of the error distance 20 mm, it showed the error distance of less than 20 mm in 97 subjects(89%) whose average of error distance and conversion mean dynamic stereoacuity were $8.43{\pm}5.10mm$ and $17.68{\pm}10.67sec$ of arc. repectively. The error distance of was equivalent-conversion dynamic stereoacuity 40.99 sec of arc (PD 62 mm basis) was 20 mm. Conclusions: The results of lower correlation between static and dynamic stereoacuity suggest that seterotest should be applied separately to different functions. The results of this study also suggest that Distance Randot Stereotest can be applied to static stereoacuity excluding monocular cues. Three-rods test can be applied to dynamic stereoacuity containing the response of the eye-hand coordination in the daily life of natural vision condition, including the monocular cues. These different approaches canprovide a criterion of the two stereoacuity and parallel use of the two tests would be useful. For dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test, error distance 20 mm in a normal range of adults can be used as a criteria to get statistical meaning of the results.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To study the minimum diopter of spherical lens with normal binocular function in induced anisometropia by over-correction or under-correction in single eye. Methods: Stereoacuity of subjects without ophthalmic disease history in their twenties was measured by using Titmus-fly stereotest at 40 cm after overcorrection or under-correction in non-dominant eye or dominant eye, respectively. Results: In induced anisometropia, the stereoacuity decreased with increase of the power of added spherical lens in either nondominant eye or dominant eye. And the first reduction of stereoacuity was more prominent with the addition of (+) spherical lens than (-) spherical lens. In addition, there was more strikingly decrement of stereoacuity with addition of spherical lens to dominant eye than non-dominant eye. Conclusions: In induced anisometropia, the most outstanding reduction of stereoacuity was obtained with increment of the power of added (+) spherical lens in case of non-dominant eye with full correction and dominant eye with addition of spherical lens.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2004

고해상 입체 위성영상 엄밀 모델링(Rigorous Modeling)을 구현하고, 이를 기반으로 각 입체시 영상을 제작하여 3차원 정확도 평가를 수행하였다. 본 연구 지역으로 진주지역의 SPOTS 입체영상을 이용하였으며, 각 영상별 기준점 자료는 1/5000 수치지도를 이용하여 입체영상의 중복영역 내에 균등하게 지상기준점 40점을 추출하였다. 추출된 점을 각각 기준점과 검사점으로 구분하여 엄밀 모델링의 정확도를 분석하였다. 또한, 입체시 제작시에 기준점으로 사용된 지상좌표와 이에 대응하는 영상점을 이용하여 입체시 영상을 제작하였다. 제작된 입체시 영상에서 동일점을 획득하기 위해 영상 매칭 및 수치해석도화기(Helava System)를 이용하여 정확한 영상점을 획득하여 3차원 좌표를 계산하여 정확도 평가를 수행하였다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated differences in stereoscopic fusional area between those with good and poor stereo acuity in viewing stereoscopic displays. Methods: Stereo acuity of 39 participants (18 males and 21 females, $23.6{\pm}3.15years$) was measured with the random dot stereo butterfly method. Participants with stereo-blindness were not included. Stereoscopic fusional area was measured using stereoscopic stimulus by varying the amount of horizontal disparity in a stereoscopic 3D TV. Participants were divided into two groups of good and poor stereo acuity. Criterion for good stereo acuity was determined as less than 60 arc seconds. Measurements arising from the participants were statistically analyzed. Results: 26 participants were measured to have good stereo acuity and 13 participants poor stereo acuity. In case of the stereoscopic stimulus farther than the fixation point, threshold of horizontal disparity for those with poor stereo acuity were measured to be smaller than the threshold for those with good stereo acuity, with a statistically significant difference. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, in case of the stereoscopic stimulus nearer to the fixation point. Conclusions: In viewing stereoscopic displays, the boundary of stereoscopic fusional area for the poor stereo acuity group was smaller than the boundary of good stereo acuity group only for the range behind the display. Hence, in viewing stereoscopic displays, participants with poor stereo acuity would have more difficulty perceiving the fused image at farther distances compared to participants with good stereo acuity.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain the fundamental data of dynamic visual acuity and dynamic stereoacuity. Methods: The subjects were 20 athletes (high school baseball player) and 40 nonathletes (20 male, 20 female). We assessed static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, static stereoacuity and dynamic stereoacuity using rotating mirror projection system and computer program. Results: Three groups had similar static visual acuity and static stereoacuity. On the other hand, the dynamic visual acuity and dynamic stereoacuity showed statistically significant differency. The mean dynamic visual acuity for athletes was 174.80${\pm}$28.70 deg/sec, 137.10${\pm}$16.54 deg/sec for male nonathletes and 111.59${\pm}$15.40 deg/sec for female nonathletes. The mean dynamic stereoacuity for athlets was 234.55${\pm}$19.64, 249.05${\pm}$8.86 for male nonathletes and 247.10${\pm}$14.89 for female nonathletes. The group of athletes had better dynamic visual acuity and dynamic stereoacuity. Conclusions: If the result of this study apply to sports, it will be very useful to improve sports performance.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2008

Purpose: In this study we measured the mean value of the distance stereoacutiy for adult subjects and evaluated the variation of the distance stereoacuity according to correction of phoria using the Pola Test E-II of Carl Zeiss. Methods: We investigated the distance stereoacuity for 50 adults (male: 29, female: 21) ranging in age from 19 to 46 years using D6 Circle chart and D8 Line chart in the Pola Test E-II. Results: The mean values of the distance stereoacuity measured on the D6 Circle test and D8 Line test were 159.6 and 149.4 seconds of arc respectively. The mean variations of the distance stereoacuity according to correction of phoria in D6 Circle test were increased 43.2 seconds of arc in exophoria and 51 seconds of arc in esophoria, and those in D8 Line test were increased 42 seconds of arc in exophoria and 70.2 seconds of arc in esophoria. Conclusions: We knew from these results that the distance stereoacuity after prescription of phoria improved more esophoria than exophoria.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2015

Purpose: On this study, we measured and compared the dynamic stereoacuity by two-rods test (Howard-Dolman Test) and three-rods test. And we analyzed the correlation between PD and refractive error with dynamic stereoacuity. Methods: Dynamic stereoacuity of two-rods test and three-rods test at 2.5 m distance for 93 adults 93 (50 males, 43 females), mean age of $21.27{\pm}2.32$ (19~32) years old, were measured 5 times for two tests. Results: The mean of dynamic stereoacuity measured by two-rods test and three-rods test were $29.91{\pm}23.03sec$ of arc and $23.75{\pm}21.65sec$ of arc for total subjects, respectively. The mean of male and female were $36{\pm}22.38sec$ of arc and $22.28{\pm}23.79$, respectively. Three-rods test showed better dynamic stereoacuity than two-rods test, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). For the average standard deviation of PD between 60.63 mm~66.19 mm, dynamic stereoacuity fo two-rod test and three-rod test were $31.48{\pm}24.87sec$ of arc and $31.48{\pm}24.87sec$ of arc, respectively. The results showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05), but the relationship between dynamic stereoacuity and PD was not great. Comparison between two tests on the basis of refractive error, dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test was better than by two-rods test with no significant difference between both tests (p>0.05) and there was little correlation between refractive error and two dynamic stereoacuity. Conclusions: Three-rods test showing lower stereoacuity than two-rods tests could measure the lower minimum threshold of dynamic stereoacuity. It was found that both tests can be applied to dynamic stereoacuity test as a standard test, and PD and refractive error was found that little effect upon the dynamic stereoacuity. PD and refractive error was found that little effect upon the dynamic stereoacuity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2007.02a
• /
• pp.60-63
• /
• 2007

최근, 핸드폰은 일상생활의 필수품이 되었다. 특히 카메라가 장착된 핸드폰은 개인홍보와 오락요소로의 대표적인 도구로 사용된다. 나아가 양안카메라가 적용된 핸드폰은 사용자에게 입체감을 전달할 것이며, 입체감은 보다 효과적인 개인홍보 및 오락성을 제공할 것이다. 핸드폰은 휴대가 용이하지만 제한된 표시소자의 크기 및 해상도로 인하여 입체시 구현 시 사용자에게 손실된 정보 및 낮은 임장감을 제공한다. 이에 본 연구는 기존의 입체시 구현에 대한 구속조건들을 분석하고 핵심 요인을 산출하여, 핸드폰 환경에서의 최적의 입체시 구현을 위한 새로운 구속조건의 범위를 정량화하였다. 대표적인 구속조건으로는 수평, 수직 시차량이 고려되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 핸드폰용 양안카메라의 제작공차 및 효과적인 시차영상 제작을 위한 기준을 제시한다. 연구에 사용된 제품으로는 QVGA해상도(320*240) 및 2.8' 크기의 표시소자인 PDA폰이며, 입체시에 대한 구속조건을 정량화하기 위하여 수직, 수평이동이 가능한 지그를 사용하여 실험의 정확성을 높였다. 피실험자는 10명이며 남자 7명, 여자 3명으로 구성되었다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.519-525
• /
• 2014

Purpose: On this study, we investigated the relationship between the kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and the dynamic stereoacuity and the effects of anisometropia with measuring KVA and the dynamic stereoacuity. Methods: For 63 adults (male 30, female 33), KVA and the dynamic stereoacuity were measured by using the kinetic visual acuity tester (KOWA AS-4A) and the Howard-Dolman test (H-D test) at distance 2.5 m after conducted full correction of subjects' refractive error respectly. Results: The means of KVA were $0.49{\pm}0.25$ for total subjects, $0.58{\pm}0.26$ for male, $0.40{\pm}0.22$ for female, and LogMAD (Log minimum angle of displacement) dynamic stereoacuities were $1.27{\pm}0.44$($28.44{\pm}25.03sec$ of arc) for total subjects, $1.28{\pm}0.44$($28.23{\pm}23.34sec$ of arc) for male, $1.27{\pm}0.45$($28.63{\pm}26.83sec$ of arc) for female. KVA showed a statistically significant difference between male and female (p=0.00), but dynamic stereoacuity was no significant difference (p=0.97). No significant correlation was present between KVA and dynamic stereoacuity (r=0.03). Also there were no significant differences in the dynamic stereoacuity of the three group which were classified according to the low, middle, high range of KVA (p=0.99). The anisometropia were less than 1 D and over 1 D when divided into two groups, KVA and dynamic stereoacuity showed no significant difference between each (p=0.11, p=0.99). There was no significant correlation between anisometropia and KVA (r=0.33), dynamic stereoacuity (r=0.18) but the correlation between KVA and anisometropia revealed more higer than between dynamic stereoacuity and anisometropia. Conculsions: The KVA for adults showed a significant difference between male and female and male was higher than female for KVA. The dynamic stereoacuity due to the KVA, the KVA and dynamic stereoacuity due to anisometropia were not significant differences between each and also were not great correlations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2011

Recently, the infrastructure of stereoscopy is growing fast. Though, the stereoscopy producing capacity is insufficient to meet the demand of the market. Because, at the moment most people who produce the stereoscopy are skilled for the two-dimensional images. So the characteristics of the human stereopsis and stereoscopic cameras are not well considered, it occurs many problems to the viewer. According to this, we studied about the optical axis distance adjustment of stereoscopic camera considering size perception in human stereopsis. First, we measured the area of the object in the image which depends on the optical axis distance. Second, based on the output of first experiment, we conducted a survey and figured out that if we keep the optical axis distance between 3.9cm to 130cm, it wouldn't occur any size perception and will be possible to produce high quality stereoscopy.