Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society (한국안광학회지)

The Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society (한국안광학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Stereoscopic Fusional Area between People with Good and Poor Stereo Acuity

입체 시력이 양호한 사람과 불량인 사람간의 입체시 융합 가능 영역 비교

  • Kang, Hyungoo (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Hong, Hyungki (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
  • 강현구 (서울과학기술대학교 안경광학과) ;
  • 홍형기 (서울과학기술대학교 안경광학과)
  • Received : 2015.10.28
  • Accepted : 2016.03.15
  • Published : 2016.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated differences in stereoscopic fusional area between those with good and poor stereo acuity in viewing stereoscopic displays. Methods: Stereo acuity of 39 participants (18 males and 21 females, $23.6{\pm}3.15years$) was measured with the random dot stereo butterfly method. Participants with stereo-blindness were not included. Stereoscopic fusional area was measured using stereoscopic stimulus by varying the amount of horizontal disparity in a stereoscopic 3D TV. Participants were divided into two groups of good and poor stereo acuity. Criterion for good stereo acuity was determined as less than 60 arc seconds. Measurements arising from the participants were statistically analyzed. Results: 26 participants were measured to have good stereo acuity and 13 participants poor stereo acuity. In case of the stereoscopic stimulus farther than the fixation point, threshold of horizontal disparity for those with poor stereo acuity were measured to be smaller than the threshold for those with good stereo acuity, with a statistically significant difference. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, in case of the stereoscopic stimulus nearer to the fixation point. Conclusions: In viewing stereoscopic displays, the boundary of stereoscopic fusional area for the poor stereo acuity group was smaller than the boundary of good stereo acuity group only for the range behind the display. Hence, in viewing stereoscopic displays, participants with poor stereo acuity would have more difficulty perceiving the fused image at farther distances compared to participants with good stereo acuity.

목적: 이 연구는 입체 영상 장비를 시청시 입체 시력이 양호한 사람과 불량인 사람 간에 입체시 융합 가능 영역의 차이가 있는지 알아 보기 위함이다. 방법: 입체시가 가능한 39명(남 18명 여 21명, $23.6{\pm}3.15$세)을 대상으로 random dot stereo butterfly 측정법을 사용하여 입체 시력을 검사하였다. 입체맹인 피검자는 포함되지 않았다. 입체 시 융합 가능 영역은 안경방식 3D TV를 이용하여 수평 시차를 다르게 하여 측정하였다. 입체시력이 60 arc sec 미만을 입체 시력 양호의 기준으로 하여, 입체시력 양호군과 입체시력 불량 군으로 나누었다. 측정 결과를 통계적으로 비교 분석 하였다. 결과: 입체 시력 측정 결과에서, 피검자 중 26명을 입체시력 양호군, 13명을 입체시력 불량 군으로 나누었다. 주시점 보다 원거리 입체시 자극이 있는 경우, 입체 시력이 불량인 군의 수평 시차의 경계는 입체 시력이 양호한 군에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 작은 것으로 측정되었다. 주시점 보다 근거리 입체시 자극이 있는 경우, 두 군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 입체 영상 장비를 시청시 입체 시력이 불량인 군의 입체시 융합 가능 영역은 양호한 군과 비교하여 입체 영상 장비 뒤쪽 방향에서 좁았다. 그러므로 입체 영상 장비를 시청시할 때 입체 시력이 불량한 피검자는 양호한 피검자에 비교하여, 원거리에서 융합된 영상을 인지하기 힘들 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Heron S, Lages M. Screening and sampling in studies of binocular vision. Vision Res. 2012;62:228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2012.04.012
  2. Levi DM, McKee SP, Movshon JA. Visual deficits in anisometropia. Vision Res. 2011;51(1):48-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.029
  3. Jimenez JR, Olivares JL, Perez-Ocon F, del Barco LJ. Associated phoria in relation to stereopsis with randomdot stereograms. Optom Vis Sci. 2000;77(1):47-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200001000-00013
  4. Parker AJ, Binocular depth perception and the cerebral cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007;8(5):379-391. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2131
  5. Qin D, Takamatsu M, Nakashima Y. Measurement for the panum's fusional area in retinal fovea using a threedimension display device. J Light & Vis Env. 2004;28(3): 126-131. https://doi.org/10.2150/jlve.28.126
  6. Gadia D, Garipoli G, Bonanomi C, Albani L, Rizzi A. Assessing stereo blindness and stereo acuity on digital displays. Displays. 2014;35(4):206-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2014.05.010
  7. Shin HS, Lee SH, Yun MO, Kim MY, Bae HS, Park SC. Relationship between the degree of exophoria and stereoacuity. J Korean Opthalmic Opt Soc. 2009;14(2):41-46.
  8. Lee WJ, Son JS, Kwak HW, Kim IS, Yu DS. Self-reported symptoms and stereopsis in viewing 2D and 3D images. J Korean Opthalmic Opt Soc. 2011;16(1):83-90.
  9. Kim DS, Lee WJ, Kim J, Yu DS, Jeong ET, Son JS. Change of phoria and subjective symptoms after watching 2D and 3D image. J Korean Opthalmic Opt Soc. 2012; 17(2):185-194.
  10. Choi JY, Kim JM, Kim HJ. Changes of stereoacuity with correction in induced anisometropia. J Korean Opthalmic Opt Soc. 2008;13(4):121-126.
  11. Westheimer G. Three-dimensional displays and stereo vision. Proc Biol Sci. 2011;278(1716):2241-2248. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2777
  12. Patterson R. Visual processing of depth information in stereoscopic displays. Displays. 1997;17(2):69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-9382(96)01022-0
  13. Kim SH, Suh YW, Song JS, Park JH, Kim YY, Huh K et al. Clinical research on the ophthalmic factors affecting 3D asthenopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2012; 49(4):248-253 https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20120207-03
  14. Frantz KA, Cotter SA, Brown WL, Motameni M. Erroneous findings in polarized testing caused by plastic prisms. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1990;27(5):259-264.
  15. Shin-Nippon, Japan. PD METER PD82II. http://www.shin-nippon.jp/products/pd82/index.html(13 October 2015).
  16. Stereo Optical Company Incorporated, USA. Butterfly stereotest. http://www.stereooptical.com/shop/stereotests/butterfly-stereotest/(13 October 2015).
  17. Kang H, Hong H. Experimental determination of the range of binocular disparity for which stereoscopic fusion occurs at a viewing distance of 2.5m for a stereoscopic TV. J Soc Inf Dis. 2013;21(7):317-323. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.185
  18. LG. stereoscopic TV 47LW4000. http://www.lge.co.kr/lgekor/product/media/categoryMain.do(13 October 2015).
  19. Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative and Eye Movement Disorders. 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008;60-81.
  20. Saladin JJ. Stereopsis from a performance perspective. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82(3):186-205. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.OPX.0000156320.71949.9D
  21. Peli E. The visual effects of head-mounted display (HMD) are not distinguishable from those of desk-top computer display. Vision Res 1998;38(13):2053-2066. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00397-0
  22. Cho YA, Cho SW, Roh GH. Evaluation of criteria of Stereoacuity for Titmus, Randot & TNO Stereotests, J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1999;40(2):532-537.
  23. Westheimer G. Clinical evaluation of stereopsis. Vision Research. 2013;(90):38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.005
  24. Westheimer G. The Ferrier Lecture, 1992. Seeing depth with two eyes: stereopsis. Proc Biol Society. 1994;257 (1349):205-214.
  25. McIntire JP, Havig PR, Geiselman EE. Stereoscopic 3D displays and human performance: A comprehensive review. Displays. 2014;35(1):18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2013.10.004
  26. Froner B, Holliman NS, Liversedge SP, A comparative study of fine depth perception on two-view 3D displays. Displays. 2008;29(5):440-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2008.03.001
  27. SPSS Inc., Hong kong. PASW Statistics 18. http://www.spss.com.hk/statistics(13 October 2015).
  28. Kang SH, Hong HK. In watching 3D stereoscopic display using the binocular disparity, the effect of pupillary distance of adults and children on the perception of 3D Image. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2011;16(3):299-305.
  29. Hakkinen J, Takatalo J, Kilpelainen M, Salmimaa M, Nyman G. Determining limits to avoid double vision in an autostereoscopic display: Disparity and image element width. J Soc Inf Disp. 2009;(17):433-441. https://doi.org/10.1889/JSID17.5.433
  30. Iwasaki T, Kubota T, Tawara A. The tolerance range of binocular disparity on a 3D display based on the physiological characteristics of ocular accommodation. Displays. 2009;30(1):44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2008.11.001

Cited by

  1. Visual evaluation of 3D image quality by viewer unexperienced in viewing autostereoscopic 3D vol.26, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.626