• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.145-167
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• 1999

The aim the this paper is to explore the processes of three Korean consumer electronics chaebols'entries into, and exits from tile EU in the context of European integration and enlargement and at the global, regional(EU), national and local level. Korean FDI in the EU has increased sharply since the late 1980s, while interacting with the processes of European integration and enlargement. In particular, the chaebols'FDI was caused by reactions against the intensification of Euro-trade regulations. As a result, these defensive entries have led such chaebols to create a strategy of ‘defensive Europeanisation’through the formation of forward and backward linkages between chaebols’affiliates and Korean suppliers within the EU. Nonetheless, defensive FDI has given rise to exits through active relocation within and outside the EU, since the ‘late 1980s’due in the main to (1) sensitive reactions against changing EU trade regulations and (2) failures to maintain cost-competitiveness in particular host regions. Along with these trends, chaebols’entries and exits are placed in contingent and paradoxical structures of the global -regional - national-local nexus, which has resulted from the mismatch of different EU policies such as trade, inward investment and regional policies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.545-555
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to derive the linkage between urban regeneration and district unit planning, in order to supplement the limitations of the spread of the effects of individual urban regeneration projects. To this end, institutional changes and previous studies with theoretical backgrounds were reviewed, the urban regeneration strategic plan and district unit plan cases in the spatial scope of Jeju Island were analyzed, and a unified administrative procedure to strengthen linkages was proposed. In addition, when selecting priorities for active regions, we reviewed how to use the indicators of involvement of residents, which enabled the project to be performed smoothly by grasping the participation of residents and the elements of complaints. Also a hypothetical target site was set up and suggested how to establish a district unit plan by type. Depending on the circumstances and environment of the site, the use of the land use plan and the regulation and mitigation of the district unit plan may be appropriately used to expect the inhabitants to expand their participation and revitalization. This study suggests ways to revitalize decayed areas beyond systematic urban planning in connection with systematic plans, to improve administrative procedures, and to promote bottom-up projects.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

This paper aims to establish a Fengshui-based marketing model that companies engaged in selling dwelling spaces can utilize to increase their sales. The study is based on an investigation of appraisal statements and analysis techniques used in Fengshui. The Fengshui marketing model can be used for corporate advertising, sales promotions, public relations events, and for framing an overall marketing strategy according to changing consumer demand. As a sales promotion strategy, it can be used to influence consumer psychology and behavior. Although this study is limited to the all-pervasive advertising and marketing of houses by construction companies under installment plans, the Fengshui marketing method can also be used for the sale of store locations, space for product display, and so on. Initially, I analyze living spaces according to traditional Fengshui theory, and subsequently apply the modern method to study topographical space structures and geomagnetism disturbances. I present a standard form for writing the Fengshui appraisal statement based on the objective analytical method of Fengshui. With its shortcomings remedied, the appraisal statement can lead to high-quality advertising and increased valuations because it is based on objective data analysis and systematic evaluation of houses. In brief, I have designed the Fengshui marketing model as a sales promotion technique for the housing industry. I believe this study will contribute to the application of Fengshui in the housing industry's sales promotion efforts through high-quality advertising. Future research should evaluate Fengshui marketing in the housing industry based on case studies. Research questions to be addressed could include how Fengshui marketing has affected installment sales of houses and how Fengshui architectural practices affect general well-being. These studies would help propagate Fengshui marketing by validating its effectiveness. In addition, case studies should be undertaken to consider the practical applications of Fengshui marketing, how it can contribute to maximizing a company's image and profits, and how it can promote customer satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2015

A theme park is a complex space, in which held is a performance & exhibition event created to make visitors feel fun and a deep impression through a certain theme. Recently, local governments are increasingly planning for theme parks with the aim of local economy revitalization. Accordingly, this paper set up a development model for a Korean culture theme park after deducting success factors for creating a successful theme park through the case of Korean culture theme park. To be concrete, this paper deducted the success factors through literature research and case research as follows: Setting of themes having identity and consistency; programs that can give fun and a deep impression; convenient support facilities reflecting customers' needs; differentiated marketing for progress in customer attraction power; location linked with cultural resources around a theme park and a space for communicating a message; privately-initiated project promotion and the main body of operation; target setting consequent on market segmentation, and demand forecast, etc. A theme park cannot be successfully operated to contribute to local economy revitalization until such success factors should be closely linked and harmonized with each other. In addition, in order for a theme park to make a continued growth, it's required that problems occurring at the operational stage should be endlessly improved, and contents strengthening should be continuously done in line with circumstances of the times and viewers' eye level.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2003

According to rapid increase of visitors to the Baekdudaegan, the most important ecosystem in Korea, fur climbing or outdoor recreation, deterioration of natural environment along the trail on the ridge of Baekdudaegan is becoming more serious. The purpose of this study is to research the deterioration condition of the trail between Manbokdae and Bokseongijae on the Baekdudaegan with intent to prepare the conservational management strategy fur the trail on the ridge of Baekdudaegan. To accomplish the purpose, not only trail condition such as altitude, entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail, but also deterioration types of trail were surveyed at the total 232 points for 28.4km in length. Furthermore, impact rating class, which could be effective means to check the step and extent of deterioration process, was judged on each points of trail. Putting together these results informs us that the deterioration condition of the trail between Manbokdae and Bokseongijae is not reached the level of grave concern yet, but prompt countermeasure to maintain the existing condition has to be considered with regard for the conditions of location and the increasing amounts of use.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.22
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• pp.77-106
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• 2003

As globalization of communication is going on and as the media have become increasingly central to the world economy, media policy matters have become the province of world economic organizations like the IMF and the WTO. The WTO service negotiation is focused primarily on the discriminatory and quantitative barriers associated with the trade of audiovisual services. Domestic measures such as subsidization, content regulation including quotas, and licensing requirements and restrictions on foreign ownership and control are at issues here. These measures have been successfully implemented by countries wishing to withstand competition from the American audiovisual industry. The debate about trade in audiovisual services is permeated by the unstated assumption that these programs are pure commodities whose production, distribution, exhibition and in turn, values are solely determined by the market forces. It is therefore presumed that liberalization of trade in audiovisual services will benefit all, serving cultural pluralism and diversity as well as economic efficiency. However, this assumption is not shared by developing countries, the recipients of U.S. television material. They argue audiovisual sector requires a social and cultural approach, since it plays a key role in the preservation of people's identity and social bonds. They claim that it is the each state's right to define its media policy and to implement it through the means it considers fit. These clashing views over the nature of the audiovisual material and the ways in which protect cultural pluralism and diversity do not confine to be the realm of theoretical debate. Each state's interest and motivation to protect its local industry and to have a competitive advantage in the international market is working in this battle. Consolidation with the countries like Australia, Canada, and EU nations, in favour of cultural exemption, seems to be the best policy for us. However, we are not entirely free from the WTO pressures, considering relation to the U. S. This study analyzes Korean Broadcasting Law compared with those of other OECD countries and tries to propose some strategical guidelines facing WTO service negotiation in the area of broadcasting.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia is distributed in very limited areas in South Korea and thus designated and protected as an endangered species. This study aimed to identify the diversity of vegetation in the Dangsa coast wetlands, the southern limit of G. maritima var. obtusifolia and to assess determinants of the vegetation and the importance of habitats. The phytosociological method of the $Z{\ddot{u}}rich-Montpellier$ School was used for vegetation classification and mathematical and statistical analyses were also conducted to analyze environmental factors and their relationship with the vegetation. The results of this study showed that there were 4 vegetation units in the Dangsa coast wetlands: Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia-Triglochin maritimum community (included three subcommunities), Puccinellia nipponica s.l. community, Beckmannia syzigachne-Isachne globosa community and Typha laxmannii-Phragmites communis community. It was also found that major determinants of the vegetation include moisture environment, soil depth, water level disturbance, vegetation height, community structure, etc. Glaux maritima was identified to grow most dominantly in the typicum subassociation of Glaux. maritima var. obtusifolia-Triglochin maritimum community, and the species compositions and dominant situations were observed to be similar to those in the southern limit in Japan, adjacent to South Korea. The assessment results indicated that the Dangsa coastal wetlands have a significant meaning from phytogeographical and syngeographical aspects, and contribute as a shelter for diverse species. It is required to establish conservation strategies to accurately determine the value of the wetlands of the Dangsa coast from various perspectives, and to protect and manage them.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.58-72
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• 2021

In July 2021, UNCTAD classified Korea as a developed country. After the Korean War in the 1950s, economic development was promoted despite difficult conditions, resulting in epoch-making national growth. However, in order to respond to the rapidly changing global economy, it is necessary to continuously study the domestic industrial ecosystem and prepare strategies for continuous change and growth. This study analyzed the industrial ecosystem of the automobile industry where it is possible to obtain transaction data between companies by applying complexity spatial network analysis. For data, 295 corporate data(node data) and 607 transaction data (link data) were used. As a result of checking the spatial distribution by geocoding the address of the company, the automobile industry-related companies were concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area and the Southeastern(Dongnam) region. The node importance was measured through degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality, and the network structure was confirmed by identifying density, distance, community detection, and assortativity and disassortivity. As a result, among the automakers, Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors, and GM Korea were included in the top 15 in 4 indicators of node centrality. In terms of company location, companies located in the Seoul metropolitan area were included in the top 15. In terms of company size, most of the large companies with more than 1,000 employees were included in the top 15 for degree centrality and betweenness centrality. Regarding closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality, most of the companies with 500 or less employees were included in the top 15, except for automakers. In the structure of the network, the density was 0.01390522 and the average distance was 3.422481. As a result of community detection using the fast greedy algorithm, 11 communities were finally derived.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.42
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• pp.287-326
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• 2014

Documenting environmental conflicts will be a priority target for documenting localities, because those conflicts are critical events that make intensive 'place experiences' of local residents. This study is to design a narrative structure for documenting conflicts in the process of Transmission Towers Construction in Miryang. This study begins with analysing the characteristics of environmental conflicts, and draws a conflicts documentation model including basic rules, narrative structure and development process. Basic rules are set up as mixed documentation of memory and evidence, application of 'frame', and dynamic description. Based on the rules, this study suggests a dynamic and open narrative framework adopting the metadata model of ISO 23081. This model is applied to documenting Transmission Towers Construction Conflicts in Mi-ryang. The full narrative and 'frame' of the conflicts are set after analysing development and issues of the conflicts, stakeholder, and properties of each conflict problem. Records descriptions are related to the context(each event occurred in the conflicting conditions, mandates, and stakeholder) descriptions to make multiple narratives in digital environments. Event description contains elements for articulating the 'frame' of each party of the conflict. The merits of this model are; i) to accumulate the adequate context information systematically by adopting dynamic narrative model, and ii) to acquire the new items and connect them to related items easily and consistently through multi-entity description. This documentation model of environmental conflicts may support to shape the collective memory of community, and to achieve good governance by managing conflicts in the process of locating non-preferred facilities with due regard to values and perceptions of residents and communities.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.21-36
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• 2019

To ensure that Korea continues to grow, past governments have been consistent in following a policy of advancing into Russia, Mongolia, and Eurasia. The northern economy can expect to achieve synergistic growth because its economic structure complements that of Korea, which has high energy demand and industrial development. There is also an opportunity to accelerate the growth of the China-Russia-Mongolia economic corridor, which is based on Russia's Look East Policy, China's One Belt One Road, and the Mongolian Steppe Road initiative. The Korean government is pursuing a New Northern Policy to achieve the goal of economic cooperation and peace building with other nations, including North Korea; this policy succeeds the Northern Policy pursued by the previous government. As international economic cooperation requires transportation infrastructure, the demand for shipping, which offers more advantages than road and rail transportation, will increase; thus, it is necessary to prepare for it. Korea's port cities, which have a port that serves as the nodal point for maritime transportation, need to prepare for the New Northern Policy. In this paper, the long-term development of Seosan-Daesan port in the was planned and the North Korea's opening-op plan was considered in accordance with the New Northern Policy. Because international cooperation between the government and the provincial cities is required, cooperation with the Port Authority is needed, along with the proactive attitude of Seosan City, Chungcheongnam-do. The Seosan-Daesan port, which is the center of the liquid energy cargo center, can become the base of the New Northern Policy Region; further, the port can be an opportunity to establish its position as a peaceful economic hub on the west coast of Korea.