• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify the morphological characteristics and variations level by site environment of native bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) from costal and island region in South Korea. Soil chemical properties and morphological characteristics were investigated. There were significant differences in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, cotton on leaf blade, stolon, and number of seed per spike depending on where they were collected from natural habitat. We have discovered a variety of variation among the investigated traits in Korean native bermudagrass ecotypes. There were broad leaf and fine leaf types of native bermudgarass in S. Korea. Adaptability was in very high on inadequate environment in bermudagrass with broad leaf types, it has also been suggested that management worth in terms of use. These results may provide basic information for bermudagrass breeding development and the collected types during this investigation would be worth being preserved as genetic resources for further breeding purposes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2021

This study carried out the plant sociological survey of Abies nephrolepis forest in Mt. Seorak, which is in danger of deterioration due to the accelerated climate change. We examined seventy quadrats obtained from the survey and used the TWINSPAN technique to classify communities. We then performed the DCA method for the sequence analysis and analyzed the characteristics of each community. A. nephrolepis forest of Mt. Seorak is composed of four communities (A. nephrolepis-Lonicera caerulea var. edulis community, A. nephrolepis-Acer komarovii community, A. nephrolepis-Ac. pseudosieboldianum community, and A. nephrolepis-Betula costata community). Each community showed a different distribution according to location because different microenvironments are formed depending on location such as altitude and slope direction, resulting in different species composition. Each community showed differences in environmental characteristics such as altitude, rock ratio, soil characteristics, and litter layer thickness. As a result, there were significant differences between communities in the number of species and individuals, coverage, tree size, and species diversity, as well as differences in species composition. The A. nephrolepis-L. caerulea var. edulis and A. nephrolepis-Ac. komarovii communities were located in high altitude with high rock ratios and had little development of tree layer. On the other hand, the A. nephrolepis-Ac. pseudosieboldianum and A. nephrolepis-B. costata communities were relatively in low altitude with high soil ratio and had the development of tree layer with high species diversity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2010

We researched community structure, species composition, and habitat environment of Dendropanax morbifera populations distributed in Goheung, Haenam, Wando (I.), and Bogildo (I.) at south coast of the Korean Peninsula. Our research was also estimated possible area for growth of Dendropanax morbifera by analyzing meteorological factors of the habitat thereof. Dendropanax morbifera community divided into Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii group and Carpinus laxiflora group by difference of species composition. Broad-leaved evergreens showed high dominance value in view of rNCD in Dendropanax morbifera community as follows: Camellia japonica (100.0), Quercus acuta (88.6), Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (55.8), Dendropanax morbifera Lev. (41.4), Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium (23.8), Eurya japonica (19.9) and Ligustrum japonicum (11.5). In the population distribution, 94.2% of Carpinus laxiflora group consisted of sapling and small size class that are less than 5 cm in DBH while 54.2% of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii group did. The soil environment of habitat showed low soil acidity, good organic matter and water content, and good drainage. The distribution area of Dendropanax morifera habitat had $13^{\circ}C$ or more in annual mean temperature, $7.4^{\circ}C$ or more in daily minimum temperature, $100^{\circ}C$ month or more in warmth index, and approximately 1,344 mm in mean annual precipitation. Dendropanax morifera habitat corresponded to evergreen broad-leaved forest zone located in islands and coast in the southwest region of the Korean Peninsula. The northern limit line of Dendropanax morifera community was determined as Gunsan-Jeongeup-Gwangju-Jinju-Pohang-Youngdeok line based on $13^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature that was confirmed in natural habitat of Dendropanax morifera community.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.561-569
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• 2013

This study examines locational environment factors that may affect the vegetation structure in the forests of Naejang National Park. To that end, we selected LAI (Leaf Area Index), diameter at breast height, and tree height as structural variables as well as altitude above sea level, gradient, slope direction, soil moisture, topographic location, and amount of solar radiation as locational environment factors, using the method of canonical correlation analysis in order to find out correlation between them. As to the simple correlation between the locational environment factors and structural variables, the correlation coefficient was relatively low (0.6). The values of LAI, measured along the ridge with higher altitudes, decreased as the soil moisture and solar radiation increased. However, LAI increased as the gradient increased and the slope direction faced the north (farther from the east). In respect of the diameter at breast height, the diameter decreased as the altitude and gradient increased. But the diameter increased as the moisture and solar radiation increased. The tree height decreased as the moisture increased and the site was closer to the ridge. These various correlations show a variety of locational environment factors in the national park, implying that the structural variables are affected by complex locational environment factors. This study conducted a canonical correlation analysis on locational environment factors which may affect the vegetation structure, and the result showed that LAI increased and tree height & diameter at breast height decreased as the solar radiation & moisture decreased and altitude increased. Although more factors that may affect vegetation structure (e.g. climate) should be taken into account, this study is significant in that the vegetation structure, which can adapt to more unfavorable conditions in terms of solar radiation, moisture, and higher altitudes, could be inferred in a statistical way. The results of this study, especially the locational environment factors based on DEM, can be used for assessing diversity of vegetation structure in a forest and for monitoring the structure in a national park on a regular basis so as to establish more effective maintenance plans of a park.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2003

약용식물로 널리 알려진 가시오갈피는 해발고 900m내외의 서늘한 지역에서 토양이 비옥하고 습기가 많은 활엽수림에 자생하며, 높은 광도와 기온을 나타내는 입지환경에서는 거의 찾아볼 수 없는 것으로 알려져 있다(박문수 등, 1996). 이러한 생육특성 때문에 인공재배를 하는 경우, 차광막을 사용하여 일정량의 빛을 차단하면 전천광을 모두 수광한 것에 비해서 높은 생장을 나타낸다고 한다(한종수 등, 2001).(중략)

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.120-126
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• 2016

This study was carried out to examine the relationships between seasonal variations of soil $CO_2$ efflux rates and soil environmental factors in matured Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis stands in the Wola national experimental forests, southern Korea. Soil $CO_2$ efflux rates were measured monthly from March 2015 to February 2016. Mean soil $CO_2$ efflux rates during the study period were significantly higher in the Q. variabilis ($mean{\pm}standard$ error; $2.27{\pm}0.22{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) than in the P. densiflora ($1.63{\pm}0.12{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) stands. Mean soil water content and pH were also significantly higher in the Q. variabilis ($26.96{\pm}0.93%$, pH 5.19) than in the P. densiflora ($21.32{\pm}0.89%$, pH 4.87) stands, while soil temperature was not significantly different between the P. densiflora ($13.92{\pm}0.67^{\circ}C$) and in the Q. variabilis ($13.52{\pm}0.70^{\circ}C$) stands. $Q_{10}$ values were higher in the Q. variabilis (3.35) than in the P. densiflora (2.72) stands. The results indicate that soil $CO_2$ efflux rates in Q. variabilis stand could be more sensitive by the change of soil temperature compared with P. densiflora stand under a similar site environmental condition.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2012

In order to characterize the habitat trait and vegetation structure of M. chejuense(Ophioglssaceae), endangered plant in Korea, we set 12 permanent quadrats in Jocheon-Sunhyul Gotzawal Wetland Region of Jeju Island, and surveyed the temporal pools, vegetation structure and counted the population size of the endemic rare plant. M. chejuense distributed in the vernal pools with a variety of shape, area of 150-$400m^2$, depth of 0.4-2.0m and slope of 3-$10^{\circ}$, at altitude of 88-165m in lowland area in Gotjawal Wetland Region, Jeju Island. The soil has a thin layer and high water content all the seasons. The population appeared with a density range of 1-423/pool in the boundary area of the wetlands under higher tree coverages(80-100%) in the deciduous forest communities. Vegetation wsa classified into five plant communities such as Ulmus parvifolia community, Cudrania tricuspidata community, Rosa multiflora community, Ardisia japonica community, Ophiopogon japonicus community. These results means that M. chejuense potentially has a shortage to evergreen plant succession, litter accumulation and water drainage, thus it is need to sustainable wetland environmental condition in the deciduous forest community for its sounded conservation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.233-237
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• 2003

This study was conducted to provide a rational forest management method for a natural oak (Quercus variavilis) forest stand in the central part of South Korea based on characteristics of growth and water relation parameters. Average volume per hectare was 175.1 ㎥ in the study site of oak stands. Basal area and volume of each direction appeared to increase as the slope direction moves from north to south, but annual mean increment and periodic annual increment of DBH for 10 years showed the lowest value at the southern aspect. Maximum water potentials measured between 12 and 14 o'clock were analyzed by direction and elevation in the oak stands. Water potential of oak decreased as the slope changed from the north to the south aspect and water potential increased at lower elevations. Soil water content for the oak stands tended to decrease as the aspect shifted from north to south. Water potential and soil moisture content were highly correlated. It appears that oaks have a higher moisture requirement at the southern aspect, because of stand density related to intraspecific competition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.213-234
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• 2002

우리 나라는 70년대까지 광업은 부흥하였으나, 그 이후 급속히 위축되면서 80년대 이후 거의 대부분 광산들이 폐광 또는 휴광된 실정이다. 그 결과 현재 전국 각지에 다수의 폐갱도가 존재하게 되었으며, 이제는 지반침하 및 각종 침출수의 원인자로 간주될 정도이다. 최근 지자체에서는 이런 폐갱도를 지역 자원으로서 가치를 인정하고 지역 활성화를 위해 재 이용하려는 움직임이 보이고 있는데, 구체적으로는 관광시설, 연구시설, 농업생산시설, 저장시설, 폐기물처리시설 등이다. 일본은 폐광된 금속광산 재활용을 위해 입지여건과 주변지역, 입갱 가능성 등 기초조사를 하였다. 조사결과 폐갱도의 문제점으로 입갱이 가능한 광산이 적다는 점을 들 수 있다. 대부분의 광산은 갱구가 함몰되었거나, 갱내에 지하수가 차 있어 접근이 불가능한 경우가 대부분이다. 비교적 양호한 암반 경우는 서브 레벨 스토핑, 잔주, 주방식 등의 채굴법에 의해 대규모 공동이 잔존하고 있는 경우도 있지만 그리 많지 않았다. 폐광된 광산 재활용 여건은 우리 나라와 일본이 대동소이 경우로 현실적으로 활용이 가능한 폐광은 많지 않으며 활용코자 할 때에는 기존갱도를 활용하면서 암반이 견고한 곳에 새로운 갱도를 설치하여야 한다. 그러나 몇몇 곳에서는 매우 유용하게 잘 활용되고 있는 곳도 있고, 연구 검토하면 충분한 활용성이 있다고 생각되는 곳도 있다. 그러므로 현재의 상황을 보고 판단할 것이 아니라, 활용기술과 접목해서 활용성을 검토함으로써 불용 자산의 유용화 방안이 검토되어야 할 것이다. 현재 가행중인 광산은 입지여건 및 암반이 양호하고, 대형갱도를 굴착하는 석회석광산 등을 선택하여 폐광 후 활용이 가능토록 채광기술 발전시켜 나가야 하며, 인간 중심적인 시설 또는 산물 중심적인 시설로 구분하여 폐광 후 복구비용을 우선 지원하는 방식 등을 통하여 시추, 탐광굴진, 현대화, 수갱굴착, 자금융자 등을 지원하는 우리 공사와 산업자원부가 지자체, 산림청, 건교부, 농림부 등과 연계하여 종합적인 지원육성책을 마련하여야 할 것이다. 결과적으로, 지방자치단체 등에서 관심을 갖고 있는 저장시설, 폐기물처리시설, 관광시설, 농업생산시설, 연구시설 등을 중심으로 ＆apos;광산 채굴적을 미래에 어떻게 활용한 것인가＆apos;를 선진외국 사례를 벤치마킹하고, 연구ㆍ검토하여 친환경적인 광산개발이 되도록 기본적인 방향과 개념을 갖도록 하여 관련 정책을 계획적이고, 체계적으로 수립 일관성 있게 추진해 나가야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.552-563
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to characterize the forest vegetation and site of Odaesan National Park for ecological forest management. The vegetation could be divided into two forest community groups, seven forest communities, and several subcommunities. South exposed, dry slopes were covered with forests of the Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group. Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group could be subdivided into ${\bullet}$ Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum community on dry sites, especially on south or south-westly exposed ridges or convex slopes; ${\bullet}$ Lespedeza${\times}$tomentella community on south exposed slopes, at low altitudes in the eastern part of the study area; ${\bullet}$ Carex humilis-Maackia amurensis community on south exposed slopes up to the montane region; ${\bullet}$ Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum typical community on south exposed middle and low slopes, and on upper and middle north exposed slopes; ${\bullet}$ Pimpinella brachycarpa community, preferably on moderately moist and cool sites. On north exposed, more humid and moist sites, forests of the Dryopteris crassirhizoma-Cornus controversa community group were found. This group was subdivided into ${\bullet}$ Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes-Acer tegmentosum community on moderately moist to moist, loamy soils on shady slopes; ${\bullet}$ Deutzia glabrata-Ulmus laciniata community on north exposed slopes with rocky soil and boulders, having high humidity. There are several rare and endangered species in Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum community, Carex humilis-Maackia amurensis community, Vicia venosa var. cuspidata subcommunity and Saxifraga punctata subcommunity, and the communities were located in azonal areas in topography. To protect the species, the areas should be categorized as an absolute conservation area, and any forest working should be prohibited in this area.