• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.599-607
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• 2015

In this study, we theoretically investigate the thermal performances of heat pipes that have different nano-fluid properties. Two different types of nano-particles have been used: $Al_2O_3$ and CuO. The thermal performances of the heat pipes are observed for varying nano-particle aggregations and volume fractions. Both the viscosity and the conductivity increase as the volume fraction and the aggregation increase, respectively. Increasing the volume fraction helps increase the capillary limit in the well-dispersed condition. Whereas, the capillary limit is decreased under the aggregate condition, when the volume fraction increases. The dependence of the heat pipe thermal resistance on the volume fraction, aggregation, and conductivity of the nano-particles is analyzed. The maximum thermal transfer of the heat pipe is highly dependent on the volume fraction because of the high permeability of the heat pipe. For the proposed heat pipe, the optimum volume fraction of the nano-particle can be seen through 3D graphics.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1994

높은 전기장 하에서 다분산, 비구형 실리카/실리콘 오일 현탁액의 전기유변 (electrorheological, ER)현상을 살펴 보았다. 전기유변유체는 전기장 방향으로 사슬구조를 형 성하는 특성을 보이며 이것이 유변물성의 향상에 기여하는 것으로 알려졌다. 동적(dynamic) 상태 실험에서 전기장 하의 실리카 현탁액은 매우낮은 임계변형율(${\gamma}$c =0.1%)이상에서 비선 형 점탄성을 보였다. 저장탄성계수(G＇)는 변형율 변화에 손실탄성계수(G＂)는 매질의 점도 에 더 민감한 의존성을 보였다. 또한 겉보기 항복응력은 입자의 부피분율과 전기장에$\Phi$1.9E1.4 의 의존성을 보였는데 부피분율에 대한 의존성이 큰 이유는 0.1 이상의 부피분율에서 복합 사슬 구조 내의 입자들 간의 상호 정전효과가 지배적으로 나타나기 때문이라고 생각된다. 정상상태 실험에서는 부피분율이 크거나 높은 전기장 하에서 전단속도가 0.1sec-1 정도 이하 로 감소함에 따라 전단응력이 급겨히 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 그러므로 본질적인 동적 항 복응력을 얻기 위해서는 매우 낮은 전단속도 영역의 특이한 응력거동을 고려해야한다. 큰 전단속도 하에서는 hydrodynamic interaction의 영향으로 전단속도의 증가에 따라 전단응력 이 증가하였다. 이같은 전단응력의 거동을 계단전단실험으로 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.913-919
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• 2012

This paper presents results for dispensing and measuring micro-particles using a pneumatic dispensing system. Particle-suspended liquid droplets were dispensed and analyzed quantitatively at various particle concentrations and applied pressures. By using a developed experimental setup, the number of particles and the particle volume ratio in sequentially dispensed droplets were measured. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces were tested to find a suitable surface for counting the number of particle. It was confirmed that the dispensed particles concentrated into the center of the droplet on the smooth CD surface after evaporation of liquid. As the applied positive pressure increased, the number of particles per droplet increased consistently and the volume fraction of particles remained constant.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.125-135
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• 2008

Rigid-soft particle mixtures, which consist of sand and rubber, are investigated for the understanding of the stress-deformation and elastic moduli. Specimens are prepared with various size ratio sr between sand and rubber particles, and different volumetric sand fraction sf. Small strain shear waves are measured under $K_o$-loading condition incorporated with the stress-deformation test by using oedometer cell with bender elements. The stress-deformation and small strain shear wave characteristics of rigid-soft particle mixtures show the transition from a rigid particle behavior regime to a soft particle behavior regime under fixed size ratio. A sudden rise of $\Lambda$ factor and the maximum value of the $\zeta$ exponent in $G_{max}=\;{\Lambda}({\sigma}'_{o}/kPa)^{\zeta}$ are observed at $sf\;{\approx}\;0.4{\sim}0.6$ regardless of the size ratio sf. Transition mixture shows high sensitivity to confining stress. The volume fraction for the minimum porosity may depend on the applied stress level in the rigid-soft particle mixtures because the soft rubber particles easily distort under load. In this experimental study, the size ratio and volumetric sand fraction are the important factors which determine the behavior of rigid and soft particle mixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

As a part of studies to lower the infrared (IR) emissivity from the surface of exhaust nozzle in the turbo jet engine, stainless steel plate was coated with copper particle/meta-aramid resin composites and the IR emissivity of the plate were investigated. Binders of filler particles based on synthetic polymers generally undergo thermal decomposition before $300^{\circ}C$. It was found that the meta aramid resin was thermally stable after the test at $320^{\circ}C$, confirming the excellent thermal stability. Contents of copper particles in the composites were varied from 0 to 70% by volume. It was observed that the copper particle/meta aramid resin composites showed good adhesion after the tests at $320^{\circ}C$. The specimen coated with the composite containing 50 vol% of copper particles showed the lowest IR emissivity, 0.6, at $320^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2008

Behaviors of cemented engineered soils, composed of rigid sand particle and soft rubber particle, are investigated under $K_o$ condition. The uncemented and cemented specimens are prepared with various sand volume fractions to estimate the effect of the cementation in mixtures. The vertical deformation and elastic wave velocities with vertical stress are measured. The bender elements and PZT sensors are used to measure elastic wave velocities. After cementation, the slope of vertical strain shows bilinear and is similar to that of uncemented specimen after decementation. Normalized vertical strains can be divided into capillary force, cementation, and decementation region. The first deflection of the shear wave in near field matches the first arrival of the primary wave. The elastic wave velocities dramatically increase due to cementation hardening under the fixed vertical stress, and are almost identical with additional stress. After decementation, the elastic wave velocities increase with increase in the vertical stress. The effect of cementation hinders the typical rubber-like, sand-like, and transition behaviors observed in uncemented specimens. Different mechanism can be expected in decementation of the rigid-soft particle mixtures due to the sand fraction. a shape change of individual particles in low sand fraction specimens; a fabric change between particles in high sand fraction specimens. This study suggests that behaviors of cemented engineered soils, composed of rigid-soft particles, are distinguished due to the cementation and decementation from those of uncemented specimens.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 2010

일반적으로 석출물의 석출은 핵생성(Nucleation)-성장(Growth)-조대화(Coarsening)의 단계를 거친다. 핵생성에 의해 생성된 개개의 핵들은 아직 열역학적으로 평형 상태가 아니다. 석출물의 부피 분율은 아직 상태도에서 예측할 수 있는 값까지 도달하지 못했다. 과포화된 기지에서 생성된 핵은 계속적으로 기지로부터 용질 원자를 공급받아 성장하게 된다. 석출물의 성장은 그 부피 분율이 상태도에서 예상되는 값에 도달할 때까지 계속된다. 시간에 따른 석출 분율 계산과 분산된 석출물들이 matrix내에서 어느 정도 용해도를 갖는다면, 보다 작은 크기의 입자들은 용해되어 보다 큰 입자로 석출(성장)하려는 경향이 있다. 이러한 현상의 구동력은 전체 시스템의 계면 에너지 감소에 의해 주어지며, 결국 하나의 큰 입자만이 존재하게 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 석출분율을 계산하기 위해 상용프로그램인 Pandat을 통해 Mg-Al 2원계합금의 상태도 및 석출분율 계산을 위한 열역학 데이터를 계산하였다. 계산된 열역학 데이터는 C언어로 함수화 하여 입력하고 Excell을 통해 석출분율을 계산하였다. 계산된 석출분율과 실험값의 비교를 통해 fitting parameters를 대입하여 계산값 및 실험값의 오차율을 줄였다. 본 연구에서 계산된 석출분율은 미래의 석출상 크기 및 분포 등을 개발하는 기초데이터로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2003

고온초전도 BSCCO 2223 ((Bi, Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O/sub x/) 선재의 특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 반복적인 인발 및 압연과정을 통한 texturing향상, BSCCO 2223입자의 배향성 증대, 피복재내 초전도체의 충진율(밀도)향상, 이차상의 부피분율 감소등이 이루어져야 한다. 최적 열처리 조건을 통하여 열처리 시에 형성되는 이차상인 (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂CuO/sub y/ (2201, amorphous phase)를 조절하면서, (Ca,Sr)₂CuO₃ (2/1 AEC), (Ca,Sr)/sub 14/Cu/sub 24/O/sub 41/ (14/24 AEC)와 같은 이차상들의 부피분율 및 크기를 감소시켜야만 한다. 본 실험에서는 BSCCO 2223 선재의 특성을 향상시킬수 있는 최적의 열처리 조건 확립 및 기계적 공정시 나타나는 여러 가지 문제점을 개선하여 높은 임계전류를 가지는 선재의 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 최종적으로 제조된 선재는 2223상 결정이 피복재(Ag)와 평행하게 길게 성장하며, AEC상의 크기와 부피분율이 감소할수록 더 높은 임계전류특성을 나타내었다(I/sub c/～70A, J/sub c/～42,000 A/㎠). 또한 이 선재에서 나타나는 여러 가지 이차상들을 분석하기 위하여 XRD, SEM, EDS 분석을 행하였다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2023

In this study, porosity estimation was conducted by the physical properties of zeolite. Because of the difficulty of directly measuring the porosity of particulate matter, the porosity was calculated by applying the measured physical properties of zeolite to the calculation formula presented in various literature. For this purpose, the average particle size, particle size distribution, specific surface area, and pore characteristics of three types of zeolite - zeolite beta, zeolite Y, and ZSM-5 - were measured. In addition, the true density using gas and liquid phases, and two types apparent density (tap and untapped density) were measured. We calculated the porosity using these results, compare and analyzed the results, and evaluated main factors that determine the porosity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 1992

One of the important irradiation performance characteristics of the silicide dispersion fuel element in research reactors is the diameteral increase resulting from fuel swelling. This paper, will attempt to develop a physical model for the fuel swelling, DFSWELL, by analyzing the basic irradiation behaviours and some experimental evidences. From the experimental evidences, it was shown that the volume changes in irradiated U$_3$Si-Al were strongly dependent on temperature and fission rate. The quantitative-amount of swelling for silicide fuel is estimated by considering temperature, fission rate, solid fission product build-up and gas bubble behavior. The swelling for the silicide fuel is comprised of three major components : i ) a volume change due to the formation of an interfacial layer between the fuel particle and matrix. ii ) a volume change due to the accumulation of gas bubble nucleation iii ) a volume change due to the accumulation of solid fission products The DFSWELL model which takes into account the above three major physical components predicts well the absolute magnitude of silicide fuel swelling in accordance with the power histories in comparison with the experimental data.