• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.5-30
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• 2002

In this paper, classification feature is selected with focus of musical content, note sequences pattern, and measures similarity between note sequences followed by constructing clusters by similar note sequences, which is easier for users to search by showing the similar note sequences with the search result in the CBMR system. Experimental document was $\ulcorner$A Dictionary of Musical Themes$\lrcorner$, the index of theme bar focused on classical music and obtained kern-type file. Humdrum Toolkit version 1.0 was used as note sequences treat tool. The hierarchical clustering method is by stages focused on four-type similarity matrices by whether the note sequences segmentation or not and where the starting point is. For the measurement of the result, WACS standard is used in the case of being manual classification and in the case of the note sequences starling from any point in the note sequences, there is used common feature pattern distribution in the cluster obtained from the clustering result. According to the result, clustering with segmented feature unconnected with the starting point Is higher with distinct difference compared with clustering with non-segmented feature.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

For each construction material used, there is certain theoretical limit in sizes. For tall building construction, the reduction in slab weight is the first step to take in order to break such size limits. In this paper, the feasibility of such objective is proven and given by numerical analysis result. For a typical building slab, both concrete and advanced composite sandwich panels are considered. The concrete slab is treated as a special orthotropic plate to obtain more accurate result. For each panel, the deflection under the dead and live loads is compared, since both tensile and compressive strengths of the composites are far more higher than those of concrete. All types of sandwich panels considered, except one case, have self-weights less than one tenth of that of the reinforced concrete slab, with deflections less than that of the reinforced concrete slab.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.5 no.3 s.17
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

An analytical model was developed to investigate the flexural behavior of a pultruded fiber-reinforced plastic deck of rectangular unit module. The model is based on first-order shea. deformable plate theory (FSDT), and capable of predicting deflection of the deck of arbitrary laminate stacking sequences. To formulate tile problem, two-dimensional plate finite element method is employed. Numerical results are obtained for FRP decks under uniformly-distributed loading, addressing the effects of fiber angle and span-to-height ratio. It is found that the present analytical model is accurate and efficient for solving flexural behavior of FRP decks. Also, as the height of FRP deck plate is higher, the necessity of higher order Shear deformable plate theory(HSDT) is announced, not the FSDT in the plate analysis theory.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

Geotechnical characteristic values for reliability-based design were analyzed using domestic marine clays. Analysis results indicate that there were close to mean values in oder of Student/Ovesen, Schneider and EN 1990's approach. However, it was found that the EN 1990's approach is inappropriate far estimating geotechnical characteristic value due to low reliability of estimation results. Four approaches had a trend of evaluating characteristic value conservatively with increasing of soil variability. Also, stability and settlement of breakwater subjected to nominal stress with unimproved soft grounds were computed to investigate the effects of estimated characteristic values. In case of using the Schneider's approach, the ratio of allowable bearing capacity/acting loads suggested 65% of that obtained from using the arithmetic mean approach, and showed underestimated value of 13.6% of the settlement obtained from the latter. The comparison of case designs using a representative value from arithmetic mean approach with the proposed approaches, using characteristic value showed that the former was mostly overestimated.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.507-539
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• 2014

The algebra is an important tool influencing on a mathematics in general. To make good use of the algebra, it is necessary to transfer from a given situation to a proper algebraic representation. But some research in related to algebraic word problems have reported the difficulty changing to a proper algebraic representation. Our study have focused on transformation and elaboration of algebraic representation. We investigated in detail the responses and perceptions of 29 Grade 7 students while transforming to algebraic representation, only concentrating on the literature expression form the problematic situations given. Most of students showed difficulties in transforming both descriptive and geometric problems to algebraic representation. 10% of them responded wrong answers except only a problem. Four of them were interviewed individually to show their thinking and find the factor influencing on a positive elaboration. As results, we could find some characteristics of their thinking including the misconception that regard the problem finding a functional formula because there are the variables x and y in the problematic situation. In addition, we could find the their fixation which student have to set up the equation. Furthermore we could check that making student explain own algebraic representation was able to become the factor influencing on a positive elaboration. From these, we also discussed about several didactical implications.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2007

For an effective phase multiplexing in a volume holographic system, four types of phase code, pseudo random code(PSC), Hadamard matrix(HAM), pure random code(PRC), equivalent random code(ERC), used as reference beams are generated. In case of $32{\times}32$ address beam, a phase error with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% error rate, is purposely added to the real phase values in order to consider the practical SLM's nonlinear characteristics of phase modulation in computer simulation. Crosstalks and SNRs(signal-to-ratio) are comparatively analyzed for these phase codes by the auto-correlation and cross-correlation. PSC has the lowest cross-correlation mean value of 0.067 among four types of phase code, which means the SNR of the pseudo random phase code is higher than other phase codes. Also, the standard deviation of the pseudo random phase code indicating the degree of recalled data degradation is the lowest value of 0.0113. In order to analyze the affect by variation of pixel size, simulation is carried out by same method for the case of $32{\times}32$, $64{\times}64$, $128{\times}128$, $256{\times}256$ address beams.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.34-51
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• 1999

The effective use of IT(information technology) will increasingly become one of the key determinants for successful informationalization in govermental organization And the ability of the public officials in using IT or operating information system is essential to the effective use of IT. This study focuses on constructing a theoretical base of developing the education and training system for enhancing the IT ability of the public officials. In order to achieve this research goal, first this study suggests four categories of IT education and training for (1) the basic capability of IT use (2) the skills of operating information system (3) the management competence of performing strategic use of IT, (4) the expert skills for specific IT, and then derives concrete items for each category. With respect to these items, we empirically investigate the degree of necessity and the effective way of education and training according to tasks, positions and ability of the public officials. The data analyses are based on questionnaires responded by 300 public officials who attend the education and training programs held by the Training Institute of Ministry of Information and Communication. The results of this study can provide the theoretical basis for constructing the IT education and training system which is applicable to most of Korean organizations. Also they can be used as a practical guideline in developing and promoting specific IT education and training programs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2006

This study was conducted not only to investigate effects of different supplementation levels of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves on feed intakes, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and blood metabolites in Korean black goats but also to obtain basic data for nutritive value of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves and production of high quality functional animal products. Twelve Korean black goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats per treatment and then they were housed in individual metabolism cages with completely random arrangements for 21 days. Four treatments were separated into controls and three different supplementation levels of Acanthopanax senticosus such as 10, 20 and 30%, respectively. For the chemical composition of experimental diets, crude protein (CP) contents of controls were 13.39% and those of supplementation treatments were lowered with increasing levels of Acanthopanax senticosus. Control groups tended to have higher acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents as compared to supplementation groups, but non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents tended to be higher far supplementation groups than those for controls. Feed intakes had no significant difference among treatments, but digestible dry matter amounts were significantly higher for 20 and 30% supplementation groups than those for other treatments. Dry matter intakes per metabolic body weight and their ratio per body weight were highest in 20% group, but those of 40% groups were lowest (p<0.05). Crude protein, ADF and NDF digestibilities were significantly higher in Acanthopanax senticosus supplementation groups in comparison to controls (p<0.05), and in particular, they were increased with increasing supplementation levels of tranthopanax senticosus. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher for 20 and 30% treatments than those fur controls (p<0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower for 30% supplementation group than those fur controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, plasma triglyceride concentration was significantly lower for Acanthopanax senticosus groups than those for controls (p<0.05). The results showed that supplemental level of 20% Acanthopnnax senticosus leaves to Korean black goats improved nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and plasma urea nitrogen and triglyceride concentrations. Consequently, it might contribute to more efficient production of Korean black goats.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Wearable technology for military applications has received considerable attention as a means of personal status check and monitoring. Among many, an implementation to recognize specific motion states of a human is promising in that allows active management of troops by immediately collecting the operational status and movement status of individual soldiers. In this study, as an extension of military wearable application research, a new ankle wearable device is proposed that can glean the information of a soldier on the battlefield on which action he/she takes in which environment. Presuming a virtual situation, the soldier's upper limbs are easily exposed to uncertainties about circumstances. Therefore, a sensing module is attached to the ankle of the soldier that may always interact with the ground. The obtained data comprises 3-axis accelerations and 3-axis rotational velocities, which cannot be interpreted by hand-made algorithms. In this study, to discern the behavioral characteristics of a human using these dynamic data, a data-driven model is introduced; four features extracted from sliced data (minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation) are utilized as an input of the model to learn and classify eight primary military movements (Sitting, Standing, Walking, Running, Ascending, Descending, Low Crawl, and High Crawl). As a result, the proposed device could recognize a movement status of a solider with 95.16% accuracy in an arbitrary test situation. This research is meaningful since an effective way of motion recognition has been introduced that can be furtherly extended to various military applications by incorporating wearable technology and artificial intelligence.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

Histological and morphological development of the digestive tract of sevenband grouper were observed from after hatching to 60 days. Fishes were fed with rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) and chlorella (Chlorella ellipsoidea) after hatching from 2 to 20 days rotifer and brine shrimp (Artemia salina) in after 20 days rotifer, brine shrimp and semi-dry artificial diet in after 23 days. Histological and morphological development of ten larvae was observed by paraffin embedding method after fixing in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Sevenband grouper RLG showed characteristics of carnivorous fish by average 0.87. Larvae after hatching can't open the mouth and anus digestive tract was observed in a straight line following yolk sac. Larvae was observed feeding activity by opening the mouth and anus. Metamorphosis started 8 days after hatching. Esophagus divided four layer, and goblet cell was observed in esophagus, mid intestine and rectum. Larvae started cannibalism and it was caused by difference of growth. The inside of stomach was differentiated to cardiac orifice, body of stomach, pyloric stomach, and pyloric caeca. Goblet cell was observed all intestine. Gastric gland differentiated after hatching 28 days in stomach. Secretion of gastric juice was found at stomach and mucosal fold pyloric caeca. Even thought the inside of stomach expended and the number of gastric gland increased consistently and goblet cell in intestine and mucosa became longer, histochemical changes follow couldn't be found during transforming juveniles 38 days after hatching.